Nyanzvi yezvipenyu William Garvey uye mupiro wake kumishonga

William Garvey (makore ehupenyu - 1578-1657) ndiye chiremba weChirungu uye musayendisiti wepanyama. Akaberekwa mu Folkestone musi waApril 1, 1578. Baba vake vakanga vari vatengesi vanobudirira. William aiva mwanakomana wedangwe mumhuri, uye naizvozvo ndiye mugari wenhaka. Zvisinei, kusiyana nehama dzake, akanga asina hanya zvachose nemitengo yezvigadzirwa zveWilliam Garvey. Biology haina kumufarira, asi akakurumidza kuona kuti airemerwa nekukurukura nevatungamiriri vezvikepe zvakarongwa. Nokudaro, Garvey akafara kuzoshanda kuCanterbury College.

Pasi pane mifananidzo yechiremba mukuru saWilliam Garvey. Mifananidzo iyi inotarisa makore akasiyana ehupenyu hwake, mifananidzo yakagadzirwa nevaridzi vakasiyana. Zvinosuruvarisa, panguva iyoyo kwakanga kusina makamera, saka tinogona kungofungidzira kuti Garvey akaita sei.

Nguva yekurovedza

Muna 1588, William Harvey, uyo anonyanya kufarira vakawanda, akapinda muRoyal School, iri muCanterbury. Pano akatanga kudzidza ChiLatini. Muna May 1593 akazogamuchirwa kuKi College yeCambridge University yakakurumbira. Akagamuchira kubhadhara mugore iroro (rakasimbiswa naAkibhishopi weCanterbury muna 1572). Garvey akapedza makore matatu okutanga ezvidzidzo zvake pa "kuraira zvakakosha kuna chiremba." Aya ndiwo mitauro yechiGiriki (chiGiriki nechiLatin), uzivi, rhetoric uye mathematics. William ainyanya kufarira mafungiro. Kubva pamabasa ake zviri pachena kuti Aristotle mafirosopu evanhu akange ane simba guru pamusangano weWilliam Harvey seasayendisiti.

Makore matatu akatevera, William akadzidza zvidzidzo zvinorondedzera zvakananga nemishonga. Kudzidziswa paCambridge panguva iyoyo kwainyanya kuverenga nokukurukurirana mabasa aGalen, Hippocrates, nevamwe vanyori vekare. Dzimwe nguva vadzidzi vakapiwa zviratidzo zvekuita. Vaizofanira kupedza nguva yose yechando mudzidzisi wesayenzi. Kiz College yakagamuchirwa kaviri pagore kuita zvikwata zvemitumbi yevapambi vakaurayiwa. Harvey muna 1597 akagamuchira zita rezvidzidzo. Akabva Cambridge munaOctober 1599.

Kufamba

Pazera remakore makumi maviri nematatu, akatakurwa ne "chokwadi" chemazuva ano uye mafungiro ehupenyu, kuva murume akadzidziswa, akanga asina zvigadziri zvachose. Harvey akakwezva sayenzi chaiyo. Intuitively, akaziva kuti ndivo ndivo vaizopa ruzivo rwepfungwa dzake dzakakosha. Maererano netsika yevechidiki venguva iyo, William Harvey akaenda rwendo rwemakore mashanu. Aida kuzvibatanidza munyika dzakasununguka mukukwezva uye kusanzwisisika kwemishonga. Uye William akaenda pakutanga kuFrance, uyezve kuGermany.

Kushanyira Padua

Zuva chaiyo rokutanga kushanya kuWilliam Padua hazvizivikanwi (vamwe vanotsvakurudza vanotaura nezve1598), asi muna 1600 akanga atova "mumiririri we" starosta "(akasarudzwa nzvimbo) yevadzidzi vanobva kuEngland kuYunivhesiti yePadua. Panguva iyoyo chikoro chezvokurapa chaiva munzvimbo yakakwirira yekurumbira. MuPadua tsvakurudzo yakatsvakurudza yakawedzerwa nekuda kwaJaj Fabricia, wekuzvarwa kweApapendent, uyo akatanga kutora chigaro chekuvhiyiwa, uye pashure-chigaro che embryology uye anatomy. Fabrice aiva muteveri uye mudzidzi waG. Fallopia.

Kunyatsoziva nezvakaitwa naJ J. Fabricia

Apo William Garvey paakasvika muPadua, J. Fabricius akanga atova nemakore akanaka. Mazhinji emabasa ake akanyorwa, kunyange zvazvo kwete ose akabudiswa. Iyo inonyanya kukosha yemabasa ake ndeye "Pamusoro pemagetsi evhu." Yakabudiswa mugore rekutanga rekugara kwake muPadua Harvey. Zvisinei, muna 1578 Fabricius akaratidza mavhavha aya kuvadzidzi. Kunyangwe iye amene pachake akaratidza kuti nguva dzose munzira yemoyo yakazarura masuo mavari, mune izvi chokwadi haana kuona kuwirirana neyo kuparadzirwa. Basa Fabrice rakakosha zvikuru kuna William Harvey, kunyanya, pamabhuku ake "On The Development of the Egg and Chicken" (1619) uye "On the Ripe Fetus" (1604).

Zvaunoedza

William akafunga pamusoro pebasa rezvivhavha. Zvisinei, kune musayendisiti, zvimwe zviratidzo hazvina kukwana. Taida kuedza, kuedza. Uye William akatanga nokuzviongorora. Akaisa ruoko rwake, akawana kuti akakurumidza kuputika pasi pekupfekedza, ganda rakasviba, uye mitsetse yakaderera. Ipapo Garvey akaisa ruzivo pamusoro pembwa, iyo iyo yakasunga makumbo ose nerwonzi. Uye zvakare makumbo pasi pemabhanhire akatanga kuvhara, mitsetse yakawedzera. Apo akacheka mhete yegurupa pamakumbo ake, rima dema rakawedzerwa kubva mucheka. Ipapo Harvey akacheka mutsara kune rimwe jumbo, asi ikozvino rakakwirira kudarika kupfeka. Hapana donho rimwe reropa rakabuda. Zviri pachena kuti mhete iri pasi pekupfeka yakazadzwa neropa, asi hapana ropa pamusoro pekupfeka. Mhedziso ndeyokuti inogona kureva. Zvisinei, Harvey haana kukurumidza kuenda naye. Somutsvakurudzi, aive akangwarira uye akanyatsotarisa zvaakaona uye kuedza, asingakurumidzi kuti aite mhedziso.

Kudzokera kuLondon, kubvuma kuti uite

Harvey muna 1602, April 25, akapedza dzidzo yake, achiva chiremba wemishonga. Akadzokera kuLondon. Yunivhesiti yeCambridge yaizivikanwa iyi dhigirii, iyo, zvisinei, yakanga isingarevi kuti William ane kodzero yekuita kurapwa. Panguva iyoyo, College of Physicians yakabudisa chiremba. Muna 1603 Garvey zvakare akatendeuka ipapo. Mumusi wegore iroro iye akabata miedzo uye akapindura mibvunzo yose "yakanyatsogutsa." Akabvumirwa kuti aite kusvikira pakuongorora kwakatevera, izvo zvaiitika mugore. Harvey katatu akaonekwa pamberi pekutumwa.

Kushanda kuchipatara cheSt. Bartholomew

Muna 1604, musi waOctober 5, akagamuchirwa senhengo yeChikoro. Uye makore matatu gare gare, William akava nhengo yakazara. Muna 1609, akakumbira, achikumbira kuti anyorese kuchipatara cheSt. Bartholomew nechiremba. Panguva iyoyo, basa rakakurumbira rakakurudzirwa kune chiremba muchipatara ichi, saka Harvey akatsigira chikumbiro chake netsamba kubva kumuongorori weChikoro, pamwe nevamwe vayo nhengo uye kunyange mambo. Gamuchira kutarisira kwake chipatara kubvumirana, nokukurumidza kana pane nzvimbo isina nzvimbo. Muna 1690, musi wa14 Gumiguru, William akanyora mubasa rake mubasa rake. Aifanirwa kushanyira kuchipatara kanenge kaviri pavhiki, kuongorora varwere uye kupa mishonga. Varwere dzimwe nguva vakatumirwa kumba kwake. William Garvey kwemakore makumi maviri akashanda muchipatara ichi, uye izvi pasinei nokuti tsika yake yega yeLondon yakanga iri kuramba ichiwedzera. Mukuwedzera, akaenderera mberi nemabasa ake muChikoro cheMasikirwo, uye akazoitawo tsvakurudzo yake yekuongorora.

Kutaura paRamlian Readings

William Harvey muna 1613 akasarudzwa kuti ave mutungamiri weChikoro cheMasikirwo. Uye muna 1615 akatanga kuita semudzidzisi paRamlian Readings. Vakasimbiswa naShe Lumley muna 1581. Chinangwa chinoteverwa nekuverengwa uku ndechekuvandudza huwandu hwezvidzidzo zvehutano muguta reLondon. Yese dzidzo panguva iyoyo yakaderedzwa kusvika pakuvapo kwechikwata chemitumbi yevapambi vakaurayiwa. Izvo zviitiko zvepakati pevanhu zvakagadzirirwa kanomwe pagore neSosaiti yeBarber-Surgeons uye College of Physicians. Mudzidzisi, achitaura paRamlian Readings, aive kaviri pavhiki achiita hurukuro yeawa imwe chete mugore kuitira kuti vadzidzi vagone kupedza nguva yakazara yekuvhiya, kutomy uye mishonga kwemakore matanhatu. Uyu mushandi William Harvey, uyo ane mupiro wehupenyu hwezvinhu zvakakosha, wakaitwa kwemakore 41. Panguva imwecheteyo, akataura zvakare paChikoro. Bhuku reBritish Museum iye zvino rine zvinyorwa zveHotvey zvinyorwa kune zvidzidzo zvaakabata pana 16, 17 ne18 April muna 1616. Inonzi "Chidimbu kune zvidzidzo pamusoro pese maitiro".

Dzidziso yekuparadzirwa kwaW. Harvey

MuFrankfurt muna 1628 yakabudiswa basa raWilliam "Anatomical kudzidza pamusoro pekufamba kwemoyo neropa mumhuka." Akatanga kuronga pfungwa yake yega yega, uye akaunzawo uchapupu hwekuedza kwaari muna William Harvey. Mupiro wemishonga wakaitwa naye wakakosha zvikuru. William akayera huwandu hwesopa, kuwanda kwezvipikiso zvemoyo uye ukuru hwechirwere che systolic mumuviri wemakwai uye kuratidza kuti ropa rose mumaminetsi maviri rinofanira kupfuura mumoyo make, uye mumaminitsi makumi matatu anodarika ropa rakaenzana nehuwandu hwehutano hwemhuka. Izvi zvaireva kuti, zvinopesana nezvakataurwa naGalen pamusoro pokusvika kwezvikamu zvose zvitsva zveropa kumoyo kubva kune nhengo dzinozvibereka, akadzokera kumoyo wake muvharo rakapfigwa. Uye ukama hunopiwa nemapapuriri - maduku maduku akabatanidza mishonga nemarita.

William anova chiremba-chiremba waCharles I

Mukutanga kwa1631 akava chiremba-chiremba waCharles I William Harvey. Mambo pachake akaonga chipo kune sayenzi yemusayendisiti uyu. Charles ini ndaifarira kutsvakurudza kwaHarvey, ndikapa musayendisiti ane nzvimbo dzekuvhima, iri muH Hampton Court neWesternsor. Harvey akashandisa iwo kuti aite zvidzidzo zvake. Muna 1633, muna May, William akaenderera mberi namambo paaishanyira kuScotland. Hazvisi zvachose kuti panguva yekugara kwake muEdinburgh, akashanyira Bass Rock, uko kugadzirisa, pamwe chete nedzimwe shiri dzesango, dzakasara. Harveya panguva iyoyo aifarira mukurudzirwa kwemuviri wemhuka nemhuka.

Kufamba kuOxford

Muna 1642, pakanga pane hondo kuEdgehill (chiitiko cheHondo yeVanhu muEngland). William Harvey akaenda Oxford kune mambo. Pano zvakare akazotora kurapwa, uye akaenderera mberi nekuongorora kwake nekucherechedza. Charles I muna 1645 akagadza William dean weMerton College. Oxford muna June 1646 yakakombwa nevatsigiri veCromwell uye vakatorwa navo, uye Harvey akadzokera kuLondon. Mamiriro ehupenyu uye kudzidza kwake kwemakore anoverengeka haazivi zvakawanda.

Mabasa matsva eHarvey

Harvey muna 1646 yakabudisa zvinyorwa zviviri zvemaatomical muCambridge: "Studies of blood circulation." Muna 1651, basa rake rechipiri rinokosha rakanzi "Studies on the Birth of Animals" rakabudiswa zvakare. Yakapfupisa zvakaguma zvekutsvakurudza kwaHarvey, yaakamboita kwemakore akawanda pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwemumishinari yezvinyorwa uye zvisingatauriki. Akagadzira dzidziso ye epigenesis. Amai ndiyo inowanzobva mhuka, sezvakaitwa naWilliam Garvey. Mupiro wesayenzi, uyo wakazoitwa nemamwe masayendisiti, akanyatsopikisa pfungwa iyi, maererano neii iyo inobva kune zvisikwa zvipenyu zvose. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo, kubudirira kwaHarvey kwaikosha zvikuru. Kukurudzira kwakasimba mukusimudzirwa kwezvakanaka uye zvinyorwa zvinodzidziswa ndezvekutsvakurudza pamusana we embryology, iyo yakaitwa naWilliam Garvey. Kubudirira kwake kwakamuita mukurumbira kwete chete munguva yehupenyu hwake, asiwo kwemakore akawanda mushure mekufa kwake.

Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu

Dzokorora muchidimbu makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hweasayendisiti uyu. William Garvey kubva muna 1654, aigara muLondon muimba yehanzvadzi yake (kana kumusha weRohampton). Akava purezidhendi weChikoro cheMakirini, asi akasarudza kusiya basa iri rinokudzwa, nokuti akanzwa kuti akanga akwegura kwaari. Muna 1657, musi waJune 3, William Garvey akafa muLondon. Mupiro kuhupenyu hwake hukuru kwazvo, nokuda kwake, mushonga wakaita hukuru hukuru.