Ndiani tega redhiyo? Apo Popov akazogadzira redhiyo

Makore 119 kambani haana nzira yokuziva uyo akazogadzira redhiyo. Chokwadi kuti inenge panguva, ichi kupenya kuwanikwa nemasayendisiti akawanda kubva kunyika dzakasiyana. Alexander Popov, Guglielmo Marconi, Nikola Tesla, Genrih Gerts, Ernest Rutherford - izvi vanhu vose munzira kana mumwe chokuita redhiyo. Kwete kukosha, mumwe wavo ari kekutanga kwakajeka pfungwa, masayendisiti vose paakapiwa kukura nesayenzi kubatsira chaizvo.

Panovhurwa remagetsi munda

Kana mukakumbira vokuRussia uye vokuEurope pamusoro ndiani akagadzira redhiyo, mhinduro zvichava zvakasiyana zvachose, mhinduro chokutanga ndechokuti Popov, uye wechipiri - Marconi. Ndianiko zvakarurama, chokwadi, uye ndiani zvakaipa? Pfungwa yacho remagetsi munda wakatangwa muna 1845 na Michael Faraday, zvakanga chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha Zvakawanikwa vanhu. Makore 20 pashure peizvi Dzheyms Maksvell akasika dzidziso remagetsi munda, uye vakauya mitemo yake yose. Scientist akaratidza kuti remagetsi nemwaranzi yenyukireya anogona kuparadzira kuburikidza nzvimbo panguva velocity wechiedza.

kubudirira Hertz

Kuwanikwa redhiyo kwakaitika zvikuru ndatenda Genrihu Gertsu. musayendisiti Uku kupenya muna 1887, vakatanga jenareta pamusoro remagetsi mafungu uye resonator. Papera Just gore akaratidza pachena chokuvapo remagetsi mafungu, pakuwanza panguva kumhanya chiedza muna vakasununguka nzvimbo. Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanoomerera pakuti redhiyo yakanga yakaitwa Faraday, Maxwell uye Hertz. Rokutanga uye rechipiri vawana ariko remagetsi mafungu, uye Henry akasika zano.

Chinetso ndechokuti Hertz Magadzirirwo aishanda mamita mashomanana kubva mumwe chete sesasaradzi wakaonekwa ari mugamuchiri, uye ipapo murima. The mudziyo akanga asina kukwana uye zvaida kuvandudzika. Brilliant injiniya uye experimenter mutengo hapana kuvandudza kuvamba ake. Sezvineiwo, Hertz akafa pazera remakore 37 muna 1894, nguva pfupi asati pakuvhurwa Marconi uye Popov.

The kufanana kuedza Marconi uye Popov

Kana isu funga zvekushandisa divi, izvozvo Popov uye Marconi handina akazarura chinhu chitsva, asi chete akashandisa michina nezvimwe masayendisiti kusika hwakavandudzwa mudziyo. Muurongwa Hertz masayendisiti akawedzera uye kanyanga muvhu, uye nokuda nani chiratidzo kugamuchirwa yakatarwa coherer - girazi chubhu ine mafufu simbi mukati. mudziyo uyu afunga Edward Brangli uye akavandudzika Oliver Lodge. Masayendisiti havana kufarira kushanda ari coherer, asi Marconi Popov akarishandisa pachinzvimbo sesasaradzi kutendeusira chikumbiro. Zvakaratidza kuti wokuRussia uye Italian akaita saizvozvo, asi mumwe wavo akafunga kutanga kwayo, haisi kuzivikanwa zvakadaro kure. Chokwadi, Russia zvakasimba kuti ndakazviitira Popov redhiyo.

Biography Popova

Aleksandr Stepanovich Popov akaberekwa Urals, March 16, 1859 mu mupristi mhuri. Akatanga kudzidza yedzimwe makirasi chechitendero, asi nekuti akanga anokwezvwa zvemagetsi, jaya akaenda St. Petersburg, apo iye ndanyoresa paUniversity of Physics uye Mathematics weVadzidzisi Vedare. Pakutanga yaaishandira sebhanditiwo zvemagetsi, uye muna 1882 Popov akanyora uye akadzivirira chinyorwa chake pamusoro chidhayinamo-dzemagetsi michina.

Apedza, Alexander Stepanovich paaigadzirira professorship. Muna 1883 musayendisiti akatanga kudzidzisa Kronstadt mumugodhi mukuru kirasi. In zvakafanana, Popov akapedza kudzidzisa paChikoro Technical School yeGungwa dhipatimendi. Pashure pemakore 8 Alexander Stepanovich akakokwa Petersburg raMwari Electrotechnical Institute, aishanda ari purofesa wefizikisi dhipatimendi. Muna 1905 Popov akava Kumutungamiriri tsika iyi. The musayendisiti mukuru akafa musi waJanuary 13, 1906, chinokonzera kuparadzwa aiva uropi ropa.

kunobatsira Popova

Alexander Stepanovich aishanda pamwe chete Navy, uye zviri nokuda Navy, iye akazogadzira redhiyo. Popov nguva dzose kufarira kuedza pamusoro Hertz, saka muna 1889 akapa dzakatevedzana hurukuro pamwe kuenda mienzanisiro pamusoro dingindira pakutsvakurudza pamusoro ukama pakati magetsi uye chiedza zvakavapo. Scientist shandisweyi pamisangano, kuti zivo iyi ingashandiswa tsika, iyo vafarire pakati utungamiriri Navy.

Alexander Stepanovich anganzi munhu wokutanga muRussia vainzwisisa kwete chete kukosha Hertz kuti kuedza, asi vakawana kuti zvinobatsira. May 7, 1895, apo Popov akazogadzira redhiyo uye akaratidza zvakagadzirirwa mudziyo pamusangano pakati yefizikisi Russian, kwezvisikwa Marconi akanga asati kuzivikanwa. Rakanga riri May 7 yokuRussia iri kuonekwa zuva pakusika redhiyo.

All 1895 Popov yakatsaurirwa kuvandudza redhiyo, iye aiitisa kwakaita kugamuchira uye kupararira remagetsi waves chinhambwe 60 m. January 20, 1897 masayendisiti Russian vauya kudzivirira kodzero dzavo panzvimbo yokutanga zvaanotaura. Pepanhau "Kotlin" imwe nyaya yaiva nomusoro unoti "wiring pasina waya," akadzidza pamusoro Marconi kuti kuedza kuti akanyora Popov. redhiyo wokutanga yakaitwa Alexander Stepanovich, akaratidza chitubu chake 1895 uye akaronga kuramba basa iri nani zvayo, asi haina rakanyorwawo akagadzira mudziyo wake.

Nheyo nokushanda redhiyo yokutanga

vavambi Vakawanda kuwana kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvavo, uye chete vanhu penya mano inokosha uye mafungiro kunoshamisa, pfungwa yesayenzi anogona ashandurwe chokwadi, chete kwakadaro geniuses kunetsa uye Alexander Popov. Radio akasika nyanzvi huru, nhengo Zvakawanikwa mainjiniya siyana uye yefizikisi. Saka, Popov senzira coherer kondakita, iye wafungidzira kushandisa mudziyo uyu ave mhete uye munyori huri kuuya chiratidzo. Alexander Stepanovich akaisa pamwe coherer, kudanwa uye kanyanga akavaka mudziyo pakugamuchira nemafungu uye mheni. Achibatsirwa imwe redhiyo musayendisiti aigona fambisa anokosha anonongedzera zvakunoreva rwezuva.

Sei Europe vaiona muvambi Radio Marconi?

Masayendisiti achiri haagoni kusvika rwakafanana chibvumirano pamusoro mubvunzo ndiani akazogadzira redhiyo. Alexander Popov akaratidza kuvamba wake May 7, 1895, uye Guglielmo Marconi akaita chikumbiro kuti bvumidzwa chete muna June 1896. Pakutanga, zvinhu zvose zvinoita kuti yakajeka, muchindwi vanofanira kupa musayendisiti Russian, asi kwete nyore. Chokwadi chokuti Popov haana kuedza kuudza vanhu pamusoro zvavo tsvakurudzo, uye kuudzwa nezvazvo chete rakamanikana denderedzwa vanhu - masayendisiti uye wengarava vatariri. Ainzwisisa kuti kukosha basa iri nokuti kumusha, saka mabhuku hapana kukurumidza, mubasa inoshanda chikamu.

Guglielmo Marconi akakurira capitalist nyika, saka akatsvaka kusimbisa haisi nhoroondo kana musayenzi kukoshesa, uye zviri pamutemo. Akanga asina anosarudza kupinda famba zvinhu, asi chete kana nokugadzirwa akanga agadzirira, akaita chikumbiro kuti bvumidzwa. Chokwadi, nyaya ine chokuita wepamutemo divi, asi vamwe vanyori venhoroondo divi pamwe Marconi. The bvumidzwa wakabudiswa July 2, 1897, kuti makore maviri pashure muenzaniso Popov, ake kuvamba. Zvisinei, panguva Marconi zvakanga gwaro awane kukoshesa kwayo, uye musayendisiti wokuRussia kungogumira chete akadhindwa bhuku.

kugona vokuAmerica

The nharo pamusoro ndiani akazogadzira redhiyo muna 1943, vokuAmerica akapindira, nekuti vakawana mhizha munyika, izvo akasika receiver. US akatsamwiswa chokuti nzvimbo rekutanga vaiita pakati vokuEurope uye vokuRussia, nekuti ndizvo compatriot yavo Nikola Tesla, akakurumbira zvemagetsi uyo vokutanga vakaita mukuru akawana injiniya uye musayendisiti. The veracity aya kwave vaudzewo mudare.

Tesla muna 1893 patented redhiyo, uye makore maviri gare gare - redhiyo. The mudziyo chinhu musayendisiti American ari redhiyo chiratidzo aigona kutendeutsa acoustic inzwi, kupfuura izvozvo, zvakare vachichinja kuva acoustic inzwi. Kureva izvozvo zvakashanda kufanana ano mano. Construction Popov uye Marconi zvinooneka neupenyu, nekuti vanogona fambisa uye kugamuchira redhiyo chiratidzo kubva Morse bumbiro.

Ndiani anofanira kupa muchanza?

Ndivanaani vari masayendisiti vokutanga tega redhiyo? Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu haasi kukosha, chinhu chikuru kuti zvakanaka pfungwa kushanda zano itsva, akaisa basa ravo uye ruzivo mariri. Marconi, Popov uye Tesla hazvina kubatana ne mumwe, kurarama munyika dzakasiyana uye kunyange mumakondinendi siyana, saka hapana munhu asina kuba pfungwa. Zvakaratidza kuti pfungwa imwe redhiyo musayendisiti akauya yakakomba nguva. Wakaisa uku ezvinhu ave kamwe zvakare akasimbisa mutemo Shona: kana nguva kurivhura, ipapo kuwanikwa chokwadi munhu vachadaro.