Ndezvipi STRUCTURAL zvinhu lichen: anatomi uye upenyu pezvakaitwa

Zvakasikwa, pane mapoka zvinoshamisa zvipenyu hamuzi chero anozivikanwa ushe zvakasikwa. Uye zvose nokuti mubatanidzwa avazhinji vavo. Chimwe chezvinhu unoshamisa mienzaniso izvi lichens. Vari kunyange kudzidza yoga sayenzi inonzi lichenology. Ndezvipi STRUCTURAL zviri lichens, avo nzvimbo uye pezvakaitwa upenyu? ichi zvose ichakurukurwa zvakadzama munyaya ino.

zvinoshamisa symbiosis

munhu asina chokuita izvi zvinenge dzinokonzerwa coexistence ose notumwe uye algae. Asi kwete nhengo dzose mapoka aya vanokwanisa kuumba coexistence vashanduri zvinobatsira. Ndezvipi STRUCTURAL zvinhu lichen? howa muviri, kana mycelium chinosanganisira matete filaments zhinji inonzi hyphae. Pakati pavo cyanobacterial masero - yebhuruu-nyoro algae. Izvi zvinoguma rimwe muviri. It anokwanisa kushandisa chete pamberi zvimwe notumwe uye algae.

Ndezvipi zvinhu sechivako lichens

Zvinoumba ichi rwokuzvarwa symbiosis iri kwete chaotically. Structure lichen (Scheme inoratidza urongwa wacho zvinhu) zvakanaka muronga. Muviri zvipenyu izvi ndiwo thallus? kana thallium. Kwakavakirwa fungal hyphae, zvinova kumusoro uye pasi vari chisimbiso, achiumba chii anonzi goko. mabasa ayo akafanana vaya unhani chirimwa tishu. Izvi kudzivirira yaivhuvhuta ezvinhu uye ukama zvakatipoteredza.

Inside the lichen uyewo riri fungal shinda, asi zvikuru-siyana uye wakapamhama. Zvinokosha, nokuti masero cyanobacteria zviri pakati pavo. Kufanana howa, lichens vane rhizoids. idzodzo idzi basa uye nzvimbo mumuviri kufanana midzi dzakakwirira zvinomera. Asi musiyano mukuru uri kusavapo ose micheka. Saka rhizoids masero havasi kushandiswa chete uye anatomically zvabatanidzwa.

kupatsanura pakati lichens

Zvakakurukurwa sechivako lichens ndivo kuwadzana kwavo mumapoka muviri chimiro - thallus. Zvichienderana ichi, pane mapoka akawanda:

• Crustose - nechitarisiko chakafanana upfu. Vakafukidza matombo kana nemakwati miti mutete goko, dzimwe nguva nemaziso kubatanidzwa nomumwe pamwe pemvura.
• Foliose - vane mamiriro yakajeka. thallus yavo iri mahwendefa matete kuti vari raiparadzanisa kubva substrate pasina dambudziko.
• Rakapetana - zvikuru zvose nokuda pakuonekwa kwavo noWokumusorosoro rezasi zvinomera. Kazhinji, vane paupamhi uye sandara chawo chakafanana wemugwenzi duku kana bvudzi-kufanana marongerwo.

The inokosha dzinotsanagura upenyu

The womukati Chimiro kunokonzera lichen uye vasiri maitiro zvipenyu izvi. Nokuti inoumbwa notumwe uye algae, pezvakaitwa zvose zvinokosha zvakafanana avo mapoka mhuka.

chikafu

Howa uye girini algae vanopiwa zvikurukuru dzakasiyana: hetero- uye autotrophic. Naizvozvo lichen inozivikanwa rokutanga uye rechipiri. Izvi zvinokosha zvikuru nokuti kwadzakabva ezvinhu zvipenyu izvi kuti mamiriro dzezvakatipoteredza zvakasiyana. Pashure pezvose, kana mamiriro ezvinhu kuti kuzvidzora dzidzo hapana makabhohaidhiretsi, muviri absorbs kuti zvinovaka muviri zvinodiwa kuti upenyu nezvimedu kubva muvhu kana zvimwe substrate. Algae photosynthesis muitiro anoitwa kupa lichens Organic zvinhu uye huchiita mumhepo yakachena. A howa substrate iri vakanwa kubva mvura pamwe yakanyauka zvicherwa. cyanobacteria izvi uye kushandiswa nokuda photosynthesis rikurumidze. nzira iyi dzichifura inonzi mixotrophic.

kubereka

Kuziva mhando kubereka ezvinhu zvipenyu izvi, zvakakodzera kamwe zvakare kuyeuka chii vari zvechadenga maumbirwo lichens. Sezvo ine notumwe uye algae, uye muitiro rinozvibereka pachavo mhando dzavo vanokwanisa zvose rokutanga uye rechipiri. Izvi hazvisi pasina kukosha nokuti kwadzakabva uye kufambiswa.

Kufanana notumwe, lichens zvinoumba spores - masero asexual kubereka. Vari yaitakurwa mhepo uye mvura pamusoro madaro marefu uye chine musoro chaizvo. Under yakanaka ezvinhu, vanotanga kutanga, achiumba mukuru muviri. Sei tikarega miti lichens bereka asexually nenzira vegetative rinoreva - kureva nhengo thallus. Zvinogona zvikuru guru nemiti kana vashomashoma zvimedu, ine vashoma hyphae kuti notumwe uye cyanobacteria masero. Izvi zvakakwanira nokukurumidza kukura yose muviri. Vegetative kubereka nzira chinopfuura achimuenzanisa sporulating.

Kukosha lichens zvakasikwa uye upenyu hwevanhu

Chii nemamiriro lichen, takazoziva. Zvino ngationei dzinokosha zvinhu zvainonyatsoreva zvakasikwa. Lichens regai netsaona kunzi "mapiyona" pamusoro kasvisto. Pashure pezvose, vanokwanisa kukura munzvimbo dzimwe zvinenge haagoni kurarama. Somuenzaniso, kugara pasi padombo, zvishoma nezvishoma kuvaparadza. Somugumisiro, pane chikonzero kuti paumbwe ivhu - rinofanirawo ezvinhu upenyu zvinomera.

Lichens vari zvachose undemanding kurarama nemamiriro, asi vanosarudza yakakwirira mwando. Kana kwemvura kana chando, ivo dzinowanza kumisa kusimba pezvakaitwa upenyu uye kutangazve navo pashure. Lichens zvokudya vamwe mhuka hwokuchamhembe. In mushonga, vari kushandiswa sezvo microbicides.

Lichens - inokosha boka zvipenyu, riri wezvikamu sokubika mapoto notumwe uye algae. Ivo nokubatanidza ehupfumi umambo izvi, sezvo zviratidzi ane yakachena uye hwaro achinaya mvura rezvinomera.