Ndeipi pfungwa mumutauro weRussia? The Zvinoumba kunzwisisa uye iri nyore mutongo

In Russian, zvakawanda vezvikwata, asi chinonyanya kukosha vavo - pfungwa nokuti vanotaurirana chimwe. We kukurukura nemumwe vachishandisa mitsetse.

pa

chikwata ichi inobva mutauro imwe zvivakamutauro muenzaniso. Chii chipo? Chokwadi, mashoko. Asi mashoko ari mitsara vasava mitauro zvazviri, vari syntactic zvinoumba rwose, ikava mutsetse, nemitemo yomutauro chokuita nevamwe vomumatunhu.

Nhengo vaitaura vari rakakamurwa zviduku nezvikuru. Pasina chikuru tichitarisa pfungwa hahugoni kuvapo. Zvino, chii chinoumba hwaro vaitaura akataura nyaya uye Predicate.

chidzidzo

Sezvo mukuru nhengo kunzi nyaya mubvunzo. Kana wega akagumisa chaenga yenyika, nyaya rinoreva Chiitiko nako chinhu chinoitika kuti anoita chinhu kana ane zviratidzo. Zviri nhengo inokosha pakati zvose zviri pfungwa.

Nyaya kungaratidzwa chero chikamu matauriro, kana mubvunzo: chii nyika? vari munyika?

Somuenzaniso:

Chii nyika? Summer. June kupisa.

Ndiani munyika? Kungozvifunga.

Ava chete-mukomboni nominative mitsetse mutauri inozivisa Kuwanikwa nyika pasi izvi zvakavapo. Dzimwe nguva yakakwana yokukurukura.

Asi kakawanda nezvenyaya mumutsetse chokuita Predicate.

Predicate

Sezvo chezvinonhuwira chii chinoita kumusoro zvivakamutauro hwaro vaitaura Predicate rechipiri anoita zvinotevera mabasa:

• Rinoratidza chiito chinhu, inonzi nhau (zvakanyunguduka chando).
• Inoratidza nyaya chiito, riri kusangana chinhu inonzi nyaya (The pamatenga akafukidzwa nesinou).
• Rinoreva chiratidzo chokuti ane nyaya inonzi nhau (The zuva aiva noushamwari).

Kazhinji Predicate azvaiitwa rechiito. Kana runoratidzwa muchimiro rechiito upi mafungiro, inonzi "rakanaka kungonyaradza Predicate." Kana apo rinoumbwa verbs vaviri, mumwe icho - chinhu kuitika chokuti, tiri kutaura pamusoro mukomboni kutaura Predicate. Uye kana ari Predicate pane imwe mukukurukurirana - kwete rechiito, shoko rechiito - mukomboni neglagolnoe.

mubatirapamwe

Saka, huru nhengo - ichi chinobva chii chinofanira kuva kuroorwa. Pakati pavo pave noukama hunokosha, panodamwa mune zvesayenzi Kufambisa. Uyu yakadaro vangakurukurirana umo nyaya uye Predicate inoiswa yakafanana nhamba, rudzi mhosva.

Example sentences with kwakarongeka vakakurumbira mazwi:

• Snow akawira.
• Baba - Dr.
• Usiku nerima.
• Children shamisa.
• Famba dzakarongwa.
• Games inoitwa mudenga.

Dzimwe nguva Kufambisa pakati musoro uye Predicate haagoni kuva:

• Zongzi - akadambura.
• Uto akapfeka yunifomu.
• The chikuru basa wavarwi - kudzidza anokumhan'arira.
• Kune mumwe murwi bhaira hakunganzi zvinonyadzisa.

Secondary anopa nhengo

Other zvinoumba zviri pfungwa, - yechipiri nhengo. Ivo vari kuzviisa pasi ukama panyaya huru mashoko kana kuti mumwe uye zvinoshandiswa kuziva, kujekesa, kutsivira tsika dzavo.

Dzinonzi yechipiri nekuti pasina ikoko anogona kupa. Asi hazvina kuva kuratidzwa izere siyana dzenyika kana pakanga pasina yechipiri nhengo. Semuenzaniso enzana:

• Paiva snowdrops (pasina yechipiri nhengo - nerasprostranonnoe pa).
• Muchirimo paiva snowdrops (nguva chinokonzera runogonesa nyika mumatauriro mutongo).
• Spring snowdrops wakaonekera akamirirwa kwenguva refu (tsanangudzo inotaura ukama wemunhu kuti chaenga nyika).
• Muchirimo vakauya akanga akamirirwa kwenguva refu snowdrops - kupisa Precursors (chikumbiro kunobatsira kunzwa mufaro tichararama chii vachatevera mushure snowdrops kuonekwa).
• Spring akazviratidza pamusoro akamirirwa kwenguva refu protalinki snowdrops - the harbingers nokupisa (nezvechisarudzo unokubvumira kuona mufananidzo yakarurama munyika).

tsananguro

Mumwe zviduku nhengo - kutsunga. Rinoreva nhengo vaitaura pamwe, zvinhu kukosha. Rinopindura mibvunzo ipi? uyo? uye avo nyaya nezvimiro. Hazvina inopindirana uye dzisingapindirani. Vakatenderana tsanangudzo ndiwo chete munhurume, nhamba uye nyaya sezvo kutsanangura nemashoko uye uncoordinated hakuzochinji huru shoko.

• Anopesana tsanangudzo: My guru kuhukura imbwa, rangu guru kuhukura imbwa, rangu guru kuhukura mhuka.
• Dzisingapindirani tsananguro: Imbwa ine chipika, imbwa ine chipika, chipfuwo ane pakora.

Kuwedzera

Mumwe zvinoumba chii chinoumba mukana mumutauro Russian - ichi Kuwedzera. Izwi rinoreva nyaya yechipiri, pachinhu icho chinhu kunoitika kana zviratidzo. Kutsivira zvinomutsa mibvunzo oblique zviitiko. Rinoreva mashoko kukosha kuita:

• akazara mvura;
• akazara mvura;
• akazara mvura;
• richizadza nemvura.

By zvivakamutauro zviri kuwedzera kungava zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga. Direct Kuwedzera kwakabatana transitive rechiito pasina rokuti mu accusative:

• Ndinoona (munhu kuti?) Nzvimbo;
• mufananidzo (munhu kuti?) nzvimbo;
• I kuswedera (ndiani? Chii?) Nzvimbo.

Kunanga chinhu kunoratidzwa zvose nezvimwe ari pazita, asi chimiro accusative nyaya pasina rokuti.

• vanoyemurwa (? chii) ari girl;
• Beauty (chii?) Kwenzvimbo;
• Ndakafunga (chii?) Pamusoro kwenzvimbo.

ezvinhu

Ezvinhu - ichi ndechimwe chikamu zviri pfungwa. Rinoreva nenzira, nzvimbo, nguva, chikonzero, chinangwa, mamiriro nezvimwewo maitiro, mamiriro kana chiratidzo.

Chokwadi anopindura mibvunzo yakasiyana zvichienderana nokuti idivi nezvezvakaitwa, izvozvo kunoratidzwa:

• Mumasango (apo?) Paint vose mumatsutso.
• pendi All (sei?) In matsutso.
• Kupenda (apo?) Muna September, kumativi ose.
• Nice (zvakadini?) Very kumativi.

Kakawanda Adverbial ukoshi dzinogona kubatanidzwa pamwe ukoshi akawedzera:

• I akazorora (apo? Chii?) Mumusha.
• Taipedza mari (sei? Chii?) To kuzotenga.
• Misha AKAMBOMIRA (sei? Nokuti ani?) Pamusana komuredhi.

A nyore mutongo

Muchirevo chiri nyore inoratidza chimwe chidimbu wenyika. Somuenzaniso: Autumn akauya pakarepo.

The chakanga akadana chimwe chinhu uye mumwe nezvaaizoita: matsutso akauya.

Mumwe zvivakamutauro hwaro - ndizvo inoitwa isingashamisiri mutongo.

Mufananidzo risuyuschayasya iri nyore mutongo, panofanira kuva nomumwe. Kunyange zvikaitika kuti nyaya kana okuti anogona kuva zvinoverengeka homogeneous mashoko :

• Autumn frosts uye akauya pakarepo.
• Autumn rasvika, uye akakunda nyika pakarepo.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti vaitaura izvi inozviisa zvishomanana (kuwa uye nechando) kana kupfuura okuti (akauya akatora pamusoro), hwaro vaitaura inoramba oga, nokuti mufananidzo wenyika haritsemurwi kupinda vakawanda zvimedu.

A mutongo wakareruka anogona kuva mumwe nhengo huru. zvirevo yakadaro inonzi mononuclear. Ivo havana huru nhengo yechipiri nokuda kwayo redundancy. Somuenzaniso, zvose nominative inopa zvachose kukosha Predicate - kuvapo munyika zvinonzi nyaya. Saka, shoko kureva Chiitiko yokuvapo munyika kuva okushamisira:

• Heino imba yangu.
• Ichi musha wedu.
• Night.
• Kunyarara.
• Zororo chii!

The mononuclear-chaicho munhu zvirevo Predicate runoratidzwa chimiro verbs wokutanga uye chechipiri munhu. Personal harinzwi kuti verbs semusimboti rairatidza munhu: Ini, iwe, isu, imi. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, nyaya, riri kuitwa mune rimwe zvisazitasingwi izvi zvava kunyanyisa kunzwisisa zvinoreva, musungwa mutongo. Somuenzaniso:

• Ndinoenda kusango, tarisa mabukira.
• Hendei neni?
• Tiri kuenda awa ari vaenzi.
• Iwe siya tisinganonoki.

The mononuclear vaguely-oga zvirevo Predicate verbs kwakunoitwa fomu goko. nguva yechitatu-munhu muzvizhinji. nhamba kana wokupedzisira. Ave nguva. nhamba. vaitaura kwakadaro varehwa kukosha redundancy nhungamiro kushanda - zvisinei akaita izvozvo, zvakakosha kuti izvi zvinoitwa:

• The mapindu achiri ikakohwewa.
• The mapindu vari kukohwewa maapuro.
• On munda, zviyo.
• Kumwe nziyo.
• Mangwana achaenda mberi Kusakura.

Usiri Mitongo zvinoratidza nyika chinhu chiri kuitika umo pasina mutambi. Saka, nyaya pamutsara uyu hakusi zvisingakoshi, hazvigoni kushandiswa. Somunhu Predicate inonyanyoshandiswa akashandisa verbs ari chipo kutorarama yakasiyana nedzimwe. uwandu webato rechitatu kana kufamba nguva yava nemamwe. nhamba avhareji. mhando shoko uye muboka wehurumende.

• Akarurama anobudirwa.
• Dark.
• Ndiri cheYangon.
• He kurwara.

kunzwisisa chirevo

Kana mune chimwe nyore mutongo zvivakamutauro hwaro, mumwe zvinokosha shoma - ndizvo inoitwa kunzwisisa mutongo. Saka, muna kunzwisisa mutongo zvairatidza zvishoma zvimedu zvenyika: Autumn akauya pakarepo, uye miti yakasvibirira akamira chando nguwani.

The zvakataurwa maviri kutaura nyaya Wirai uye nemiti. Mumwe nemumwe wavo ishoko iro rinoreva kwayo chiito: Autumn yasvika, miti vakamira.

Chikamu kunzwisisa mutongo inogona chokuita nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana: asyndetic mubatanidzwa kana chisungo. Omubatanidzwa inopa inogona slozhnosochinonnymi kana slozhnopodchinonnymi. Zvakanakisisa mamiriro mitsetse yakaoma kunzwisisa anoratidza redunhu. Akaisa zvikomberedzo uye zviratidzo pasi uye Predicate - ndicho chii chinoita kumusoro zano inopiwa. Independent inopa anozivikanwa ne mativi mumabhuraketi.

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[- =] uye [- =].

Slozhnopodchinonnye zvakataurwa rine chikuru uye omurume muvaravara, chinhu chikuru anoratidza mativi mumabhuraketi uye omurume - denderedzwa.

[- =] (apo - =).

(If- =), [- =].

Mienzaniso mitsetse yakaoma :

• Kubva miti yakafunga anotsvedzerera anobuda pamiti nemakwenzi hunonhuhwira uye mhepo anotakura kure ari inowanzorimwa. (Union, slozhnosochinonnoe).
• Birches amire dziva, izvo zvinoratidzwa navo zvakadzama yavo rebhuruu uye makore chena (mubatanidzwa slozhnopodchinonnoe).
• kumativi ose rakanga runyararo: ari svisvidza imwe umhutu inzwiwe zvakajeka uye kwazvo (conjunctionless).