Dzikisa miti

Kusiyana akapoteredza kasvisto sayenzi rinokamukana kupinda subkingdoms maviri: yepamusoro uye ezasi zvinomera. To zvinosanganisira yepamusoro miti, iro vegetative muviri iyo rakakamurwa zvomukati, vane madzinde, midzi uye mashizha. KuLow- miti, nekusiyana, kwakadaro inonatsa haina, uyezve, hapana zvipuka zvine masero akawanda nhengo dzokubereka nadzo. Mazuva zvipenyu kunzvimbo dzakaderera miti hunongotaura algae, asi munhu emakore mashoma apfuura, kuti iye semunhu notumwe uye utachiona, uyewo zvose zvinenge kunze dzakakwirira zvinomera uye mhuka.

Nokuti nechepasi zvinomera vanoonekwa ne: akasiyana-siyana mavara, chimwe-celled nhengo dzokubereka nadzo, mvura dzinogarisana. Algae pamusoro redu akauya wokutanga zera Zvisaririra miti inowanikwa akaturikidzana ose Archean uye Proterozoic yaitonga, ane anenge mabhiriyoni 3 years ..

Vamwe, kunyanya pamusoro rokuremekedza, vachifunga kuti ezasi miti - chinyakare kuroorwa-celled nemaziso saizi. Zvisinei, ichi hachisi chokwadi. Chokwadi, algae chete-celled ndezvaJehovha ichi subkingdoms, asiwo zvinoshanda zvikuru zvipuka zvine masero akawanda algae, wakareba rinosvika vamakumi zvakawanda mamita. Uyewo dzakakwirira, vanogona kubatanidzwa nedanho photosynthesis. algae Propagation kunoitika pabonde uye asexual (vegetative kana zoospores) rinoreva. All rezasi uye yakakwirira zvinomera zvine chlorophyll, asi yakaderera Kuwedzera pane dzimwe pigments kuti kuvapa chaiwo ruvara: mashava, yellowish, mutsvuku, etc.

Lower zvinomera, mienzaniso

Algae inogona kukamurwa zvomumvura uye Freshwater (ruzhinji). Lower zvirimwa kuti vararame mvura munyu, zvinogona riri vaviri panyika uye panguva kudzika. Zvisinei, nokuti upenyu vanoda chiedza, saka ari makuru pakadzika - anenge 250-300 metres kana kupfuura - havasi naJessica sezvinoita chezuva regai kupinda nomumvura mbiru.

The yakakurumbira gungwa kelp - kelp kana matope. It rakamanikana jira, richisvika kureba mamita anoverengeka uye vakabatirira nechepasi-pezvakaitwa rhizoids. Inoparadzirwa kelp zoospores - masero, mufananidzo nowenyika peya, rine neerekitironi chromatophores, akashongedzerwa pamwe flagella kuti kufamba. Mushure kusunungurwa mai sero zoospore zvemarudzi flagella, uchifamba mvura kusvikira kusvikira zvichaita batanidza kuti inotonhorera substrate uye hauzobudisi upenyu algae itsva.

Dundira - rumwe rudzi gungwa kelp. Ichi chirimwa zvipuka zvine masero akawanda fananei pegwenzi, kureba kwayo unogona kusvika mamita maviri. Fucus vasiyana inotonhorera substrate kushandisa inotsika, kazhinji wezvamatongerwe rose mumatenhere mu yegungwa. Zvinonzi inoparadzirwa pabonde: mune dzimwe masero rwaamai inonzi antheridia uye iri kumicheto zvinomera akaumba dzisingaoneki mune mamwe masero - oogonia - kuumbwa oocyte. Nokupesvedzera attractants - zvinhu zvinokwezva mvura urume kusvika mazai, ivo coalesce uye zygote aumbwa, iro algae itsva kuchawedzera gare gare.

In Freshwater reservoirs zvinomera repasi (algae) Uyewo kuitika. Vakawanda vavo - Spirogyra. Spirogyra iri nyore kuwanikwa madziva mira mvura: inopenya zvakasvibirira nebhitumini Anoumba masumbu chakatodzana slimy shinda. Kana iwe kuzvitarisa nemaikorosikopu, unogona kuona thallus miti, zvinosanganisira guru (anosvika 0.01 mm) cylindrical masero Achitambanudzira pamusara. Spirogyra anogona bereka nenzira mbiri: zvepabonde uye vegetatively. Kusiyana fucus, ane kuumbwa kuti zygote rinowanika riri Fusion kuti dzisingaoneki uye zai, ichi algae zygote achiumbwa panguva mhesano 2 masero. Vegetative kupararira ndepana rotonhorera of filaments iyi, chikamu chimwe nechimwe chiri vakaumba chirimwa chitsva.