Mwari kuporesa Ancient Greece: History uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Mwari wechiGiriki chekare zvokuporesa, Asclepius aiva. Ezvinhu hwake vanozivikanwa nekuvongwa vakawanda rengano zvinyorwa. Ichatonga zvine mbiri Greece yekare munyika, kwaiva netemberi 300 Asclepius, apo vapristi kubatwa vokwake achishandisa zvemashiripiti uye empirical nzira.

mwanakomana Apollo

Pane maonero akawanda pamusoro pemavambo Asclepius. Maererano vakawanda vavo, mwari chokuporesa mwanakomana Apollo uye nymph Coronis. Kumwewo vanoti mai Arsinoe, mwanasikana Leucippus. Nymph Coronis akanga akadikamwa Apollo, asi ava nemimba naMwari hwakachinja naye munhuwo Iskhiem. On Olympus akasarudza kuranga vose. Iskhiya incinerated nemheni. Izmenschitsa Coronis Apollo akauraya mumwe rezuva miseve yacho. Akabva apisa nymph, pashure kubvuta mwana muchibereko. Iri raiva mwari zvokuporesa, Asclepius.

Apollo akapa mukomana kuti dzidzo yacho centaur Chiron. Akanga akasiyana chaizvo kubva dzakawanda nevavakidzani vayo. Inenge vose Centaurs vaizivikanwa nokudhakwa, mhirizhonga, uye kushaya rudo vanhu. Chiron uyewo aizivikanwa mutsa wake uye uchenjeri. Paakanga yakarohwa pamusoro dzidzo mwari wechiGiriki zvokuporesa, mumwe centaur aigara Pelion - Mount kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva Thessaly.

Education muna Chiron

Kunyange zvazvo Asclepius anozivikanwa samwari kuporesa muGirisi yekare, pakuzvarwa raaiva asina simba rinopfuura revanhu. anorichengeta ake Chiron akatanga kudzidzisa mukomana mushonga, uye nokukurumidza pachimwe zvinoshamisa. Pane imwe nguva Asclepius unyanzvi ake akapfuura kunyange vakachenjera centaur. Akatanga kuenda kuGreece uye kurapa vanhu, uye vagari chitsuwa Kosi kunyange vakadzidzisa vamwe zvakavanzika ake (more nechouno mu "muNhoroondo" Tacitus anotaura).

Asclepius akaramba uye chirwere chinouraya. Honing unyanzvi hwake, Asclepius (mwari kuporesa muGirisi yekare) vakadzidza ndiponesezve vanhu. Nemhaka yake rubatsiro zvavo Greece vakawana kusafa. Chakavanzika nedzimwe mano Asclepius raiva ropa Gorgon. Doctor akamuka kubva mwarikadzi hondo Athena. Pherecydes (kumwe vairemekedza Greek yekare Seven vakachenjera) muzvinyorwa ake anotaurwa kuti Asclepius akamutsa vose vagere Delphi, apo temberi Apollo yaiva baba vake.

rufu

Apo Asclepius - mwari kuporesa Greek - akatanga massively kurera unofa, tsika dzake zvakakonzera pfundepfunde pakati vamwe vamwari. Aigara pamupendero wenyika Thanatos, uyo akazova muenzaniso rufu kuvaGiriki, akaenda kunyunyutira chii chiri kuitika huru yeOlympia Zeusi. Resurrection akaputsa nyika murayiro. Ndagamuchira kusafa, vanhuwo havachakwanisi akasiyana navanamwari. dzoro ichi zvinhu hazvina kufanana vakawanda Olympians. Gods kuchiva motokari.

Pashure pfungwa, Zeus akasarudza kuranga Asclepius. Mwari yekare zvokuporesa yakarohwa mheni yomutinhiro. Apollo, kudzidza pamusoro rufu mwanakomana wake, akanga ashatirwa. Aisagona kutsiva simba Zeus, uye pachinzvimbo akarwisa cyclops ndokugadzira mheni kuti. Somugumisiro zvisikwa izvi mumwe achishamisika vakaurayiwa.

Kusvikira zvino Asclepius achiri vaitirei unofa. Achifa nemheni waZeusi akaenda midzimu zvaitika Moira. Vakatsunga nguva yokuberekwa uye rufu mumwe munhu. Pakafa Asclepius, vakasarudza kuidzosera upenyu. Saka akamutswa Mwanakomana Apollo aiva mwari. Gare gare mukuru oupenyu unhu nhaka yeRoma analogue pamusoro Asclepius - mwari Roman zvokuporesa Aesculapius.

Tsvimbo Asclepius

Chero mungano vaichengetedza vamwari mushonga nokuzvidya nyore kucherechedzwa zviratidzo zvavo. Panguva chiratidzo ichi Asclepius ndakava tsvimbo yake entwined aine nyoka. Kubva vaGiriki vekare iyi nzira yakapfuura vaRoma, uye ipapo kupararira kune vakawanda yebudiriro kwevanhu. Nhasi, ane tsvimbo Asclepius - international zvokurapa chiratidzo.

Nhoroondo yaro unesungano mumwe ngano pamusoro mwari chokuporesa. Maererano nengano, Asclepius akasvika Kirete kumutsa mwanakomana Mambo Minos vakakurumbira. Vachifamba mumugwagwa, akauya pamusoro nyoka. Animal obvilo tsvimbo, uye Asclepius, pasina kuzengurira kuti wechipiri, akamuuraya. Pakarepo kukavapo nyoka yechipiri uswa mumuromo, chaakakurira chishamiso vakamutswa kutanga. Achishamisika Asklepiyi akatanga kutsvaka chishamiso mushonga, uye pashure penguva yakati akamuwana. Kubvira ipapo, mwari yokuporeswa kubva vaGiriki vekare nguva dzose vaiva paruoko mushonga wakaita kubva Cretan miriwo. Tsvimbo Asclepius kare ichifananidzwa nyoka entwined pamwe emapuranga zvimiti.

In mushonga ano, vasisanetswi mungano yechiGiriki, rwaioneka kwete chete nenzira yakajeka zviratidzo. A rinokosha yezvokurapa mazwi midzi chokuita rekare rechiGiriki kare. Kwakatangira zvetsika zvokurapa nzira yokutanga akazviratidza mabhuku akanyorwa ichi mutauro wekare. More zvakakosha kuti mushonga ano International Latin, asi vakawanda zivo yake vaRoma vaisungirwa chete nevaGiriki.

chitendero

Kufanana nevamwe chitendero chipi Greek, kunamatwa Asclepius akanga kunyanya yakakurumbira imwe munharaunda yacho. Nokushingaira mukuru ndiye mwari ainamata Epidaurus - guta riri kuchamhembe Peloponnese. Nhasi, panzvimbo yayo yakaramba chete matongo yekare yemitambo uye, Chikurukuru, temberi Asclepius. Kunewo pool pamwe achiporesa chafariz mvura. Vakanga akavanda mutemberi bako, yakavakwa muna V remakore BC. e. wakakurumbira mapurani Poliklet Vaduku. Nzvimbo tsvene Asklepios kazhinji yakavakwa pamusoro nzvimbo chicherwa zvitubu uye salubrious mhepo nemisipiresi neyemiorivhi. Panguva Kucherwa mumatongo Epidaurus yembiru akawanikwa ari steles vakanga zvakavezwa tsananguro yokumbofara pavarwere. Mukuwedzera, tsvene akaonekwa akazadzwa zvisingawanzoitiki zvinoratidza - nendarama, sirivha uye machena mifananidzo arapwa dzomuviri (maoko, tsoka, mwoyo, maziso nenzeve). Ivo vakakanganisa temberi semuripo mabasa.

Asclepius tsvene iripo maererano mitemo matsvene rakatenderera. Somuenzaniso, vakakoniwa kufa. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, kurwarisa (kunyange vasvika kunomumwe mugumo wenyika) kutemberi haabvumirwi. Vasina kodzero kupinda navanaamai. Vapristi Asclepius nomudzimu kuzviomesera dzemitemo. Kwavari, kurapwa pasina kurapwa basa, asi kutoti kupira yechitendero, mitemo iyo zvave maererano zvachose kunorondedzerwa dzakafuridzirwa dzechiAztec. Kunyanya, mitemo zvaitaurwa risingabatanidzwi tsvene nezvose chokuita nokuberekwa uye rufu. Chimwe chinokosha mutemberi Asclepius - zvaidiwa squeaky yakachena. Ose waachangoroora vanofanira kutanga kushambidzwa kunobva.

Tsvene yokutanga vachikudza Asclepius, asklepeydony, akazviratidza muGreece muna VI-IV emakore. BC. e. Kunze Epidaurus uye Kosi, muzinda mushonga aivawo Thessalian Trikka. Zvose zvinokonzera vanyori vekare, vanyori venhau vakawana uchapupu vanopfuura 300 tutemberi pamusoro Asclepius, akapararira Greece yekare. Zvichienzaniswa ano zvipatara, vakanga zvakawanda zvokurapa spas pane zvipatara. Mumatemberi abatanidzwa zvose zvemashiripiti uye enyika nzira kurapwa. In mushonga Greek yekare, zvikoro izvi zviviri Havashori mumwe nomumwe. Somuenzaniso, kana temberi Asklepios paakasvika kunyanya kurwara, vapristi vaigona bvunza ravo dzomuzana, regai kushanda tsvene.

vapristi

Mwari ekare mushonga uye kuporeswa aiva oga vapristi ayo, achitora varwere vomunyika. Nokuti achiporesa kwaari vanhu vanobva zvose pamusoro Greece. Health yekare vaGiriki chokuita mutambo, saka zvose zvakafanana Epidaurus inozivikanwa ayo nhandare, jimunasiyamu uye makwikwi rwakazvitsaurira kuna Asclepius. Pane zvakare ari temberi mwanasikana wake Hygieia, Aphrodite, Atemisi uye Themis. Rites kurapwa achiperekedzwa zvibayiro zvemhuka (zvikurukuru varume), saka munhu madikanwa chizenga upi tsvene yaiva atari hombe.

Mwari ane ake anoporesa chitendero vakakomba VII remakore BC. e. Vanyori venhoroondo vanofunga kuti unhu uhwu rengano raingova kumumvuri kuti zviripo - vakava kunozivikanwa munguva iri Trojan War, chiremba pamwe chaiwo zita chete - Asclepius. Uyezve, aivawo mambo Thessaly, uyewo musiki mhuri chikoro yezvokurapa yake.

The dzidzo Greek wezvokurapa aiva zvimwe zvakafanana nemashoko ano. Archeologists uye kare zvakaratidza kuti chikoro chaicho wezvokurapa kwakaitika Pegamo, uye musi Kosi. Kushumira mutemberi kubvumirwa uye akapa mhiko dzvene abatane Asclepiadae munharaunda. Kokutanga izwi akaonekwa mumabhuku echiGiriki yekare muna VI remakore BC. e.

mushonga Ancient

Healing mumatemberi akabatana vaiita uye empirical nzira. Vakawanda achishandisa kurapwa vava zvinodhaka, mvura matsime uye gymnastic muviri. The tsika zvokuporesa matsvene neimwe nguva yapera incubation tsika, wakaitirwa maberere refu pamwe pamadziro etemberi, pakanga zvichibvira chete rinokosha mvumo. Vapristi kushandisa zvinodhaka uye hypnosis mitoo raitongwa murwere vachingotya chakagadzirwa hope. The Kupira yaipembererwa chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo zvesimba (the Chiitiko ari nyoka matsvene kana kunyange Mwari pachake).

Muna 430 BC. e. Greece akarohwa nedenda zvinotyisa, izvo kwakauraya zviuru zvevanhu. mushonga Traditional akanga simba pamusoro denda, saka, vakawanda akatowedzera afunge ose zvemashiripiti. Panguva iyo nyoka rinoera Asclepius kubva Epidaurus akakurudzirwa kuAtene, uko Acropolis akavaka temberi itsva. Kunamatwa mwari chokuporesa chakapenya pamwe kumboitika simba. tsika Religious vakauya vapristi Asclepius hombe purofiti. temberi Ancient vaMwari zvakasiyana kunoshamisa hunova vayo kushongedzwa.

Zvinofadza kuti havasi vose vaGiriki kubatwa incubation uye zvakagadzirwa yavapristi dzechitendero nokuremekedza. Munyaya yakakurumbira "Plutus" mutambo (388 BC. E.) By Aristophanes rinotaura zvakawanda zvinovava mwoyo vari efficacy pakati mutsika mashiripiti hope.

Isa Asclepius yekare Greek pantheon

Rengano mufananidzo Asclepius, nenhumbi dzayo mamirire zvinhu ane zvimwe midzi. mwari zvokuporesa Greek runowanzotaurwa nezvarwo chthonic nyoka-murapi. Munyika yekare, mhuka iri airemekedzwa sechiratidzo yokuvandudzwa, uchenjeri uye simba rokudzora masimba.

Mhiri mufananidzo Asclepius - ndeye rudzi wavamwari vana (vatambi) avo encroached pamusoro pakagadzwa ine hurongwa nyika itsva. Murapi vakadzidza kumutsa vakafa, saka kutyora yose nomwero. Mitemo anosimbisa Olympians, vaiva pasi kutyisidzira, uye ndizvo Asclepius akabhadhara. Mwari anoporesa wematambudziko ake afanane mamwe magamba kupandukira vabereki vavo-simba rose.

Ose mwari wechiGiriki pantheon, aiva "purazi." Ake Kunyange Rinobatanidzwa ne tsika zvokurapa, Asclepius, zvimwe zvakafanana nevamwe Olympians. Hanzvadzi Apollo aiva Atemisi kwete chete mwene mhuka uye aidzivirira pakuvhima, iye ainamatwa uyewo mudziviriri vakadzi nepamuviri, nevana uye hadzi dzakachena. Mudzimai Zeus, Hera mufudzikadzi muchato uye zvakanaka mhuri. With pamusoro chete kunofambidzana Hestia - mwarikadzi pachoto, mufaro uye utano. Hazvibviri kuyeuka Hypnos. mwari uyu, uyo akararama pamupendero kwenyika, vakatevera yakazara uye utano hope vanhu.

Family uye nezvizvarwa

Maererano nengano, Asclepius akaroora Epione, mwanasikana mutongi pachitsuwa Kosi Meropsa. Kare nzvimbo ino wava chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha nzvimbo mushonga yekare.

In Asclepius aiva nevana vakawanda, vakavawo anozivikanwa mabhii echiGiriki mungano. Mwari chokuporesa aiva baba makhaon - akakurumbira chiremba uye chiremba. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti iye kunyange muchirongwa Trojan Hondo uye vakauya ngarava 20. Swallowtail kwete chete akarwa parutivi vaGiriki (Achaeans), asi kurapwa vakakuvadzwa. Chiremba akabatsira akakurumbira anopfura Philoctetes arumwa uturu. The ronda yakanga anotyisa, kubva makumbo oozed pus. Akakomba Troy, Zvichakadai, zvose vaisagona kutora guta. Vari kurichemera yakanakisisa yenyu. Ipapo vanamwari vechiGiriki anunura. Apollo vaderera Trojan Beach mune mashiripiti pakurota, uye muzukuru wake Swallowtail vakavhura Philoctetes. Gare gare akapora anopfura vakaurayiwa uye Paris mune boka shamwari dzake akavanda bhiza Trojan uhwo Achaeans achiri vakatora haripindiki guta. Sezvo pakunamata zvipenyu Karla Linneya vanhuwo mhuri zita Swallowtail kungozvifunga vakazviwana vachikudza mwanakomana wake Asclepius.

Mwanasikana mukuru mwari chokuporesa Hygieia - mwarikadzi utano. VaGiriki anoratidzwa ave musikana achidyisa nyoka kubva mundiro. Pachinzvimbo kurangwa nesayenzi inonzi Hygieia utsanana. Uyezve, zviratidzo mukombe uye nyoka vakava dzakawanda unhu mushonga uye mishonga. Hygieia mudziyo anogona kuwanikwa chero zvinodhaka chitoro uye chipatara. Sezvo rekare mwari yokuporeswa Greek, inobatanidzwa nyoka - bhurasho chthonic chisikwa echiGiriki mungano. Hygieia mudziyo zvakare chikazikamwa vokuEurope mukupera XVIII remakore, kana chiratidzo akanyorwa kunofanira kuyeukwa mari, mutengi akanga Parisian Society of Pharmacy.

mwanasikana chinotevera Asclepius - Panakeya, razova muenzaniso chokuporesa. In rake zita rinonzi mushonga - munhu kunozivikanwa mushonga upi chirwere. Kufarira chudodeystvuyuschemu zvinodhaka akamuka Ages zvakare. masayendisiti iyoyo European vaishandisa zvinyorwa zvekare, kuedza synthesize USINGAZIKAMWI mushonga. A mushonga saka hapana kuwanikwa, asi dimikira zvichengeteke. Other zvishoma inozivikanwa mwanasikana Asclepius - Iaso, Agleya, Meditrina uye AKES. Vose vari vakadzidzira unyanzvi kuporeswa kubva baba vake vakachenjera.

Mwari kuporesa mungano yechiGiriki kwainzi tateguru yokure vanachiremba vakawanda vakakurumbira yekare, uyo kuvapo rakanyorwa. Hippocrates ndewedzinza Asclepius (akazvarwa musi Kosi muna 460 BC. E.), Uye kunyange Aristotle (baba vake akashanda se chiremba mudare ramambo Macedonian).

Aesculapius

Muna 293 BC. e. muRoma, imwe yaizotangira denda. Vanhu vakafa nemazana, uye vakuru veguta vakanga nechokuita anotyisa dzinongoitika dambudziko. Ipapo vakachenjera Roman vakayambira kuvaka pamahombekombe ari Tiber tsvene yekare mwari zvokuporesa Asclepius Greek.

The Epidaurus rabva kwazvo Embassy. VaRoma vakakwanisa kuwana mutauro nevakawanda vapristi vanamwari vekare. Kana vakakokwa vakadzokera chikepe chavo, vakazovatevera nyoka temberi tsvene - chiratidzo uye muenzaniso Asclepius. Animal vanogara nzvimbo mukati duku Roma Tiber Island (Isola Tiberina). Muna 291 BC. e. pamunda munyika ino yakavakwa akagadza temberi Asclepius. Mwari kuporesa Roman mungano raiva zita Aesculapius. kekutanga vapristi ake muRoma vaiva vaGiriki. Kufanana nevamwe vamwari pantheon Vokusingaperi City zhinji, Aesculap ave akakweretwa zhinji zvinhu kubva muchiGiriki mugadzi. Somuenzaniso, chibayiro iye chete akauya roosters. Mwari kuporesa vaRoma vakanakidzwa Kunyanya kukurumbira pakati pavanhu. chitendero chake akanyangarika rimwe rokupedzisira pashure kuitwa chiKristu hweRoma.