Kazakhstan kuti GDP: marongerwo uye nesimba. Kazakhstan: GDP pa capita

In mazwi zvoupfumi zviratidzi of Kazakhstan ndiyo kunobatsira uye akabudirira nyika iri kuCentral Asia. Rimwe remasangano masimba gumi nemari Europe. Vanonyanya kupa mari vanoonekwa mafuta uye zvicherwa, uyewo zvokuimba engineering simbi-vanoshanda indasitiri. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti Kazakhstan zvichida ndiyo nyika chete ari kondinendi iri kukura vari incredible pandaida uye rinobhadhara kurima.

zvoupfumi

Pashure pokuwa USSR paiva rinokosha paanochinja zvemari munyika, iyo kusvikira 1995. Nepo upfumi rakanga vava kuda kumusoro mitengo. The zvekushandisa bhajeti yekudyidzana vakapfuura kwemari. Paiva kusaenzana Pricing itsika. Zviremera kugona kuwana mubato chindingindingi vaburitsi. Zvose izvi zvakaita kuti unopinza kuwedzera mitengo uye mabasa. The chikwereti gadziriro chete kutanga kubuda.

Muna 1993, munyika mari kwave akatanga muna Kazakhstan, yainzi "KZT". Chakagadzirwa Kudzikamiswa of Gengi kwaita kuti kuparara pakati goho uye mitengo. Saka, GDP kuderera aiva zvinopfuura 9%. Muna 1995, mbiri hurongwa yave kugadziridzwa. Gwaro mari kwakadaro kudzorwa hyperinflation kusvika 60%. Muna 2007 paiva rakapinza kuwedzera Kazakhstan kuti GDP kubudikidza anenge 30%. Kubvira, nhamba iyi chete inowedzera. Mumakore achangopfuura, nyika GDP kukura unodiwa akawira zvishoma. Chikuru Chikonzero ichi ndicho kusagadzikana kwezvinhu munyika macroeconomy. Normalize zvinonakisa mari kumashure inoita anobudirira mutemo pamusoro mumhuri pamusika. Uyewo, inokosha zvinoenderana pamusoro bhajeti yokudzoka ndiyo mari yakakura goho.

zvoupfumi zviratidzi

The kunonyanyisa chikumbaridzo kuderedza munhoroondo Kazakhstan yaiitwa muna 1999. Ipapo nhamba yakanga anenge 59%. Chikonzero kuderedza raiva kwokupedzisira pavaipfuura yezwi Tenge. Muna 2009, mwero mutengo kuderera yamira pa 17%.

Kana mitengo, mukuvamba kuma1990, inenge 210%. Mune ramangwana, upfumi kumashure kwaita akagadzikana national mari munyika. Shoma pamwero mitengo kuchengetwa 1998 - 1.9%. Mumakore achangopfuura, zvichienzaniswa asingasviki 6%. External chikwereti Kazakhstan anoda kuti mabhiriyoni 150 emadhora. Verengai kunowedzera ose gore. Kusvikira makore mashoma apfuura, chikwereti akanga $ 108 billion.

indasitiri Characteristics

Mumwe mukuru zvinobatsira maindasitiri ndiyo zvokuimba mapurani. Profit kubva bhora iyi yebasa iri zvishoma asingasviki 8% of Kazakhstan kuti GDP. Vagadziri Local zvibereko zvokushandisa migodhi maindasitiri, kuti nezvifambiso indasitiri yacho. Chete muna 2012, vanopfuura zviuru 12 Kazakh motokari akasvika pamisika nyika.

Iron uye simbi ndiyo 13% munyika yacho yose GDP. Gore negore, zvinomera muKazakhstan iri zvikaramba uye kupatsanurwa kusvika bhiriyoni 8 matani esimbi esimbi. Nonferrous simbi hakusi muduku nhema nokuda chaiyo mugove GDP. reshiyo Its ndiyo 12%. Kumboda metallurgia miti akaitira aruminiyamu, zingi, kutungamirira uye mhangura. A rakatetepa firimu - magnesium, titanium nezvimwe isingawanzowanikwi ores.

To musi, Kazakhstan ndeimwe chikuru exporters mhangura munyika. Vazhinji zvigadzirwa waakatenga Germany uye Italy. Uyezve, nyika vakanyorwa 170 goridhe deposits. Kazakhstan kwakaita GDP chivako pasina chikonzero anobva indasitiri. Tora kunyange makemikari indasitiri. Nokuti kugadzirwa phosphorus uye chakaita zvokugadzirwa zvinhu Kazakhstan ndiro yechitatu pakukura Eurasia. Petrochemical indasitiri unobereka zvakawanda siyana michina zvinhu zvakadai reparafini, Diesel uye bhaira huni, peturu uye zvakafanana. D.

Uyezve, nyika iri zvakanaka yakasimbiswa kugadzirwa zvokuvakisa. Pabhodhi, simende, zvikwepa, linoleum, faience, usina kukonekita, kaolin, Heaters, radiators, mavhu, etc. kwemauto iyi anopindura 4% kubva GDP. Mumakore achangopfuura, kufambira mberi kukuru kukura simba zvekutepfenyura.

goho Agriculture

Mugove Kazakhstan kuti GDP waizoitwa ichi mhando yebasa kunopfuura 5%. Mumakore achangopfuura, nhamba iyi wamuka nehasha. Kare nemakore kuma1990, kurima 1,8 chete% zvachose GDP. Sezvo 2002 pamusoro kukura indasitiri mabhiriyoni emadhora rakachengetedzwa rinotungamirirwa. Chinonyanya kukosha chezvinonhuwira veko "kurima" ndiko kurima nembatatisi, oilseeds uye manwiwa. Vose goho yakawedzera 6 nguva mumakore 10 apfuura. Zvakakodzera kuona kuwedzera mari kubva pakutengeswa nemiriwo nemichero. Kubva zvirimwa zvikuru kunobatsira sechinhu gorosi, bhari uye oats. Kumadokero munyika zvakapararira kudyarwa yechibage sunflower.

The mombe Kunoonekwa kunaka simba. Mumakore achangopfuura, zvipfuwo yave yakaderera nezvikamu vanenge hafu.

Foreign dzaishandiswa nenhamba

Chinhu chokutanga nenhanho GDP muKazakhstan kunokanganisa kunze kwenyika. The chikuru kutengeswa vadyidzani of Republic vaiona kuti Baltics uye Kishi. Ivo pamusana anenge 59% zvachose kunze kwenyika. Wokutanga kuitika Russian pasi. Vanokwanisa kuva kutengeserana Rara dzimwe nyika, dzakadai Germany, Czech Republic, Turkey, Italy, Switzerland, USA, England, South Korea.

The wegore wezvokutengeserana turnover pakati Kazakhstan uye Russia ndiyo inenge $ 30 mabhiriyoni. Vazhinji aina epetroleum zvigadzirwa kugara, ipapo simbi uye ores. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti 20 chete% ari dzinounzwa kuna vamwe sectors ose kugadzirwa uye mabasa. The chikuru imupota zvigadzirwa ndiyo oiri ichakasangana nezvimwewo, midziyo, motokari, zvombo, zvokudya zvinogadzirwa.

zvemari maitiro

Avhareji pamwero GDP of Kazakhstan riri kukura gore negore. It kubudirira zvakanaka kuitika ndatenda yakadaro inobudirira dzakawanda zvemari hurongwa. Kare muna 1998 yakakura-pamwero mudyandigere kuchinja akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze munyika. In danho rinotevera Kuchinja pamusika wemari kwave kuchiita. Pakazosvika pakati 2014 munyika kushanda kuti 38 mabhanga nyika.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvose zvinokosha kwema zvemari zviri kwazvo Akaongorora akakodzera ehurumende matare uye mabasa. The zvoupfumi muKazakhstan riri pasi wakaoma kutarisira nezviremera.

Wakakura zvikuru zvemari dambudziko kwakaitika muna 2008 munyika yakanga. Zvisinei, kuderera GDP kwakatora maviri chete nhau nepedyo.

zvoupfumi kukura

2014 aizivikanwa chakakura slowdown munyika iri mudungwe romugove uye kudiwa. Somugumisiro, paiva asina simba pamusoro Kazakhstan kuti GDP. Nhamba iyi akawa 6% kusvika 4%. Rakanga chokuita kusagadzikana kwenyika mafuta indasitiri. Uyewo, zvakaipa kuitika kudiwa simbi zvigadzirwa kubva Russia uye China akaonekwa. Zvose izvi kukanganisika kwete chete GDP pamusoro Kazakhstan, asiwo yose chikwereti hurongwa. Nokuti normalization munyika yacho macroeconomic zviremera vakasarudza vazvichengete kunobatsira mutero nehurumende. Uyezve, pashure nzira kuwa Hurumende Kazakhstan Tenge vakanga zvainanga kuramba evanhu nyaya uye maindasitiri kupfuura $ 5.5 billion.

zvemari nadzurudzo

Pari, hurumende of Republic ari kuedza kudzivisa inokanganisa hupfumi slowdown pamusoro basa pamusika. Kana musingadaro kutungamirira kusauka ose madiki uye zvakananga nezvainoita pangozi zvikuru Mapato vemunyika.

For chakagadzirwa Kudzikamiswa hwenyika uye mwero GDP munyika kupinda simba siyana evanhu zvirongwa. Mari anobva National Fund uye kubva kukwana redistribution kwezvirongwa mari.

Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu zvakafanira kuti govera mutsva pasuru zviyero kukwezva yokumwe vanoita uye diki mabhizimisi rutsigiro.

Outlook uye Ngozi Dziripo

Recently pakave rwakashata kuchinja Kazakhstan kuti GDP. kuvandudzika chete kunotarisirwa nokuda 2017. Muna 2014, GDP kukura akamira 4.1%. The simba pamusoro indekisi ichi vachatsauka ose zuva, kusvikira yose upfumi zvakatipoteredza haangaregi zvireruke Kudzikamiswa. Impact pamusoro mudzimba njodzi nemari Kazakhstan uye geopolitical kusawirirana mudunhu. Chinonyanya akaipa chinhu achidzikisa munyika GDP ndiko kupokana pakati Russia neUkraine. Nokuda kwaizvozvi chaizvo kuwana vanoita kuti kugadzikana-refu tarisiro.

Dynamics pamusoro GDP muna 2015

Panguva iyoyo, pane hazvizivi kurega kunotanga hupfumi chezvinonhuwira Republic of Kazakhstan. GDP pa capita anenge zviuru 13.6 zvemadhora. Uyu mufananidzo muna 2015 zvingaderedzwa rinorema. Nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti GDP kukura awire 2%. Zvisinei, gore rinouya zvinotarisirwa yakanaka zvinoitwa 5.5%.

Kusvikira pakupera kwegore rino, kukwidza huwandu GDP haina kutarisirwa, sezvo mitengo mafuta uye ekisipoti Nhamba kuramba kuwa.