Lefortovo Palace: kuvaka, akitekiti, nhoroondo

Muchirimo 1675 pakanga kugomo inofadza uye akangwara jaya muMoscow. Akauya achibva kuSwitzerland kundotsvaka uchinzvera uye nokukurumidza upfumi. To ake chikwereti - uye pamusoro mumwe munhuhwi akanga akanaka kwazvo. kugarwa German kwaaigara, avo kwemakore kushanyira zvinofamba zvakawanda pamwe adventurers, asi ndiye, Franz Lefort, mugumo agadzirira richakunda tikiti, vachiita yepedyo Petra Velikogo.

Young unondifadza werombo rakanaka

Vakazopinda muNyika German Quarter, Franz akanga asina kuenda mutoro pachavo chero zvakananga rinotambudza, uye kuva nzira chokurarama nacho, akaroora mashoma overripe, asi zvinhu inopiwa mwanasikana Colonel Sug, kundotsvaka mufaro vakauya Russia kubva kuFrance. Young, akanaka, uye kunze, kuwana nouchapupu roora, Lefort akatungamirira kumbotamba upenyu, sezvinoita kumbobvira-nowakachenjera mabiko. Yakanga iri rinopfungaira kunofara, uye yaaizofanira kusangana duku apo Emperor Peter I.

The muduku Swiss aiva matarenda zhinji, asi zvikuru vakakurumbira pakati pavo paiva kukwanisa kufadza munhu kurudyi. Nokukurumidza Russian autocrat, kwete chete vakamuisa kwaari, asi akaitawo imwe wematirastii ayo. Kubvira ipapo basa Lefort zvikuru akakwira pagomo, uye aitsigira Fortuna vakasimudza wakakomborerwa zvikuru noutano hwakanaka kukunda.

Changamire chipo kwaari kufarira

Rupo vaaida, Peter anoita itsva dzinovaraidza hwoumambo zvechokwadi chipo - chivako kwaari muMoscow, iri kumahombekombe Yauza dzakaisvonaka neimba, takapoteredzwa paki uye rinonzi Lefortovo Palace. Mapurani Dmitry Aksamitov, uyo akatora kuti akagadzira uye kuvakwa kwezvivako, akapedza zvaakasika muna 1698. Zvakanga itsva zvikuru nguva yaro.

Kare akavaka nhare Moscow akarovererwa asati dzokugara wamachinda rombo. neimba yake yakavakwa vanonzi eclectic mhanya, chinayo zvinhu yekare zvivako majeri uye hwava nezvemaitiro makore iwayo, anonzi "Petro Baroque". Zvakarurama vaiona kuti munyori chirongwa ndechimwe wokutanga ezvivako Russian vakaita mukuedza kuputsa kubva yakamanikana yechinangwa vakararama Petrine mapurani.

The ukuru pamusoro kugamuchirwa mukamuri

Mariri, zvose zvakanga itsva uye kujairika tichienzanisa hwakagadzwa canons kuMoscow. Kuti Lefortovo Palace, nzvimbo vekereke yemberi anobvumawo vakawanda invitees, mambo akarayira kuti kuzvironga ari zvinosimudzira horo, kwete muduku ukuru European womuenzaniso. D. Aksamitov chaizvo kuzadziswa zvinodiwa ichi, uye kuzvikudza vakavaka mumuzinda akava hofori horo uye gumi dzemakomo nharaunda mativi makubhiti mazana matatu.

Light anokosha chandeliers hunoratidzwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana nezvionioni, akafukidza guru mufananidzo Peter I, majestically anotarisa pasi padded dzvuku jira Chirungu rusvingo. Kuona vakokwa nokusaziva akarasika mukuwanda mifananidzo uye machira yakanaka, svezonnyh pano akanakisisa zvitoro mu Europe. The kamuri raiva rakakura zvokuti raigona kuyemura kubwinya vanhu gumi zana panguva.

Suite edzimba

I yakarova Lefortovo mumuzinda uye rwokuramba mamwe makamuri. Kubva netsamba vakararama panguva vanoziva kuti anopenya Kupa Suite edzimba, kusanganisira mumwe, kurarama ganda zvakasvibirira vakazadzwa China makabhati, mumwe raparadza zvinhu tarisa whimsical Chinese vanatenzi, wechitatu - fanicha anokosha. Uye saka zvefuma vakanga vasingaverengeki.

wamambo Park

Pasi nyaya, zvose zvakanga uye mupaka yakapoteredza Lefortovo Palace. Pairi, tinodzidza kubva tsamba muridzi, izvozvo akatumira mukoma wake 1698. It rinotsanangura zvakadzama, kundima dzarwo, apo, pakati pemiti unyengeri kurarama sokunge ari dzesango, nezvikara. Lefort rinotaurawo mutsamba yacho husiri nyore kuwana iwayo nguva - chakagadzirwa madziva rine hove.

chivakwa marongerwo akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze nenzira kuti huru mberi akarega kuna Yauza. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti izvi zvairatidza omumwe nayo zvikuru navigable rwizi. Maererano munyori, chitarisiko mumuzinda yakanga kuzadzikiswa wakaiswa pa namaberere uye mashanu pfuti.

Tuka, dzvinyiriro mumuzinda

Housewarming pati, achiperekedzwa isingadzorwi mufaro, kwakaitika muna February 1699. Just kubva nguva tinobva zvakavanzika Lefortovo mumuzinda. Chokwadi kuti nyaya yake yaiva yakawanda hazvitaurwi zviitiko uye chamuita kuti rima ngano. Wokutanga izvi raiva kufirwa muridzi weimba, hwasvika izvozvo vhiki nhatu pashure ainetsa mhemberero.

Pamutemo chinokonzera chirwere wake yainzi, makore akawanda kurwadziwa Lefort, asi havana kuda kubvumirana kuti shandisweyi dzimwe godo, izvo wakanga uzere kugarwa German, pakati vakakoniwa zvakanaka kuti hazvina nyanzvi chepfu. Asi gare gare, apo vakaramba zvakunoreva tambo kufa, vakawanda maonero akaita unga rimwe kutuka, akasendamira zvikuru mumuzinda ichi. Saka kana kwete - zvakaoma kutaura, asi kure mashura, Petro akashandisa zvikuru muzinda chinangwa chahwo, kuronga nayo yemichato pamusoro senhume, magungano, uye zvakawanda chete vanopenga binges.

Muridzi mutsva wamambo

Izvi kusvikira 1706, kusvikira kugarwa kwakaitika Semenovskaya moto haana kuparadza musha mumwe yamambo kufarira - Alexander Danilovich Menshikov. Kunyaradza kunokudzwa vanonetswa moto, mambo akamupa wenherera Lefortovo mumuzinda nokutora zvimwe zvayo kugadzirisa. Wakokwa muridzi itsva, Russian murongedzeri Italian mavambo Giovanni Maria Fontana, kuwedzera kune mukuru chivakwa shongwe kukiyiwa Quad-storey muzvivako chokuita ne nomungoro walkways, chivanze uye yakashongedzwa oma arcades.

Kubvira ipapo Lefortovo mumuzinda pakuzivikanwa se Menshikov, asi dzakazova pamusoro atuke haabvumirwi uye kuti kusvikira pakuguma kwemazuva vanakidzwe norunako zvinoshamisa makamuri. Pakafa anorichengeta ake zvachose zavorovavshiysya Aleksandrov vakarasikirwa simba uye akaendeswa kuutapwa kuSiberia, sezvo vachiti, nokubvuta pfuma.

Future akuvara mweya yakaipa

Apo, muna pfupi yaitonga Peter II kwakaita musoro zvakare vakatamira kuMoscow, muzinda uyu akava mumwe dzokugara rejaya mambo. Maiva muna naye autocrat vaizorega muna 1727, vakasvika kugadzwa kwake. Zvisinei, kutukwa uye ipapo vakayeuchidzwa choga - akafa pakarepo hanzvadzi yake Natalya Alekseevna. Kure chivi, Peter II akasiya yamambo, asi akadzokera gore rakatevera.

Rakanga chaizvo nekumhanyirira naye. Agara "akaipa Palace yekare" isingasviki gore, mambo vakava yatsidzira Princess Ekaterinoy Dolgorukovoy, asi muchato haana kuva. On musi, January 18, 1730, akafa pakarepo. Nguva pfupi pashure porufu rwake, akakwira chigaro Empress Anna Ivanovna.

Bes uye vakakundikana podgadit nyaya. Mune rimwe yamambo dzimba, iye zano rake kuputsa akasaina wakare, izvo ndinonetsekana youmambo simba kushatirwa. Somugumisiro, anoshamisira Empress kwemakore gumi vaderera Russia kupinda ropa maelstrom kuti vanodzvinyirirwa ake.

Several vanobudirira vamutangira kwaingova Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, pasina kukuvadza pachena kuti ndiri akagara pano muna 1742 pakashanya kuMoscow. Asina njodzi rwebhuruu takangwaririra runako, kupfuura chimwe chinhu chipi nechipi lyubivshuyu mafaro outfits akanaka Guards mukuru. To wake kusvika mumuzinda makamuri vakadzorerwa pashure aitambudza mavari moto Moscow muna 1737.

The mberi kutapwa yamambo

It ndera chezvipo, kuti Lefortovo Palace muMoscow kwenguva refu nguva rakashandiswa zvikurukuru sezvo imomo nokuda negashiro dzimwe nhume uye chinonyanya kukosha vamiriri. Mukuwedzera, muna 1771, zvakanga dzichengeterwe denda kumuisa kwake oga uye akazogara varanda yemitambo yacho. The ukoshi itsva inogona kuwanwa yamambo muna 1804, kana riri mu rechiuto ezvinhu arşive.

End youshe kubwinya akapinda 1812. moto moto kuti rakazara guru yekare, hauna akaponesa, uye masvingo izvi. Kubvira ipapo, pane panzvimbo kamwe kuti Baroque Peter dzakadaro zvakakwana zvinoenderana rekare Russian Terem werudzii, loomed munhu ndichisvibiswa dongo. In chezvipo pakanga pasina mari kudzorerwa kwaro, mumuzinda yakasiyiwa uye akanganwa navose kwemakore akawanda.

Maererano netsamba vakararama panguva, matongo ayo achakurumidza vashoma chete nemiti uye uswa, izvo zvaiita kuti kuedza kuvanza kubva mumaziso Vanopfuura anorwadza zviratidzo kuregeredzwa. Matongo pachavo sezvo vagari itsva yakaonekwa nokukurumidza. Zvava zororo mbavha omunharaunda uye makororo, akavanda ikoko kubva mapurisa. It kwaitsigirwa uye hombe, kamwe-achidzidziswa, uye nguva yomusango paki. Mumakore iwayo, Muscovites vakaedza kuwana kumativi kunzvimbo ino rima.

Mumuzinda, rwakazokura zvakachengetedzwa

The kumutsidzirwa youshe rakatanga mukupera forties ari XIX remakore, kana pamusoro-soro murayiro wamambo Nicholas rakavakwazve uye kuwedzera uriri retatu. In ayo dzimba riri mamiriro Archive of Main Staff of Army, ndiani nhasi.

Asi nhasi, ari kunzwisisa ichi zvivako yakabatana muchiuto rinotaura chaizvo muunganidzwa ekuteerera zvinhu chokuita zvakasiyana nguva nhoroondo. muunganidzwa Izvi zvinosanganisira zvakawanda Zvivako dzetsika uye socio-enyika upenyu kurira. The muunganidzwa neraibhurari ichi chikuru, rinonzi zvishoma RGAFD, unogona kuona uye kuteerera-siyana vatakuri inzwi, kubva wakisi sepombi kuti maCD ano.

Monument of Moscow akare

Ongorora Moscow yakare hazvibviri varege kuona Lefortovo Palace. Taura naye .. 2nd Bauman Street, nezvimwewo 3. Kutsvaga Snap. Unogona kushandisa pevhu uye kuwana vari Bauman yemapurisa ingasvikwa nebhazi nhamba 78. Munguva yokunyanyisa nyaya, chero Muscovite nomufaro kukuudza apo Lefortovo yamambo iri.

Nhasi chitarisiko chake siyanei kubva munhu akanga muzana remakore rapfuura. Chikonzero kuti - mune dzakawanda rearrangements, kazhinji kuitwa chete senzvimbo zvinoshanda, uye pasina kufungisisa mapurani kusiyana, wakasimwa ikoko pakutanga chirongwa.

Somugumisiro kuchinja kwakaitwa zvinonyatsorehwa marongerwo kwenzvimbo, akadzivira uye kamwe-yakanaka maonero kubva Yauza. Kana kutuka, dzakazova pamusoro yamambo mumazuva akare, ipapo chero masvingo aro akanga nemauto, hazvina unooneka - kunyange vachimhanya kubva kuhondo Russian nemidzimu yakaipa.