Culture nounyanzvi yokutanga yezana remakore rechi20 zvishoma

A unzwisise nhoroondo dzinotsanagura yokutanga yezana remakore rechi20 anogona kutarira kuburikidza mifananidzo nguva uye kuverenga zvinofadza zvikuru mabhuku mabasa vakararama panguva yavo. Tinoenda zvakanaka duku digression.

Culture nounyanzvi yokutanga yezana remakore rechi20, mumwe pfupiso

At kwezana remakore mu European mutsika vakakunda decadence - yaiva yakawanda yakasiyana dzinopesana dzenzvimbo kuti havana mumwe zvakafanana. Culture nounyanzvi yokutanga yezana remakore rechi20, ane nzvimbo huru mbiri:

• Modern (France -. Art Nouveau, izvozvo -. Art Nouveau).
• Modernism.

Chokutanga akaberekerwa gumi okupedzisira ezana remakore rechi19 uye zvishoma nezvishoma vakarega kuvapo pamwe Pachatanga First World War (muna 1914).

Modernism - iri inonakidza mirayiridzo rechi19 - mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi20. Saka vakapfuma mune ounyanzvi kuti kupenda uye kudhirowa, izvo rakakamurwa yoga chokubuda noruzhinji zvinhu.

Culture nounyanzvi yokutanga yezana remakore rechi20 - nyaya iyi haisi hurukuro, okusika chete-Impressionist Artists vanogona kudzidza kwoupenyu hwose. Tichiri kuita kuedza kutaura ichi anonakidza chaiyo zvishoma. isu tanga kupa maitiro munzvimbo zvikuru zviviri: modernity uye modernism. Pasina pavo, tsika uye nounyanzvi yokutanga yezana remakore rechi20 Hazvimboiti. Next, anozodzidza mabhuku uye cinema.

Modern: hunhu - ichikonzera hariperi rakafuridzirwa

The zita rinobva nechokugedhi French shoko "moderni", iro rinoreva "ano". Izvi kuitika munyika American, European uye Russian uri pakutanga kwezana 19-20 emakore. Modernism rinowanzoshandiswa kuvhiringidzwa modernism, kunyange zviri zvinhu vangasimudzira akasianasiana shoma chokuita nomumwe. We nyora nevamwe zviri mufashoni ichi ounyanzvi:

• kutsvaga rakafuridzirwa zvakasikwa uye nyika yakavapoteredza;
• kushaya unopinza mitsetse;
• kwakapera, muted zvenzwi;
• decoration, airiness;
• pamberi mifananidzo yacho zvinhu zvakasikwa; miti, rekushongedzesa nemiti.

Kuti tinzwisise kuti ano, nyore, kufungisisa mavakirwo mumaguta European mumagadzirirwo ichi. Zvinoti - zvivako uye machechi Gaudi muBarcelona. Guta guru Catalonia akaita kukwezvwa nhamba revashanyi imhaka ayo akasiyana mapurani. The Decor iri Zvivako siyana Upland, asymmetry, uye nenyama. Sagrada mhuri (Sagrada mhuri) - iri kupfuura unoshamisa chirongwa mukuru Antonio Gaudi.

Next, funga basa vemifananidzo European akasika emifananidzo yavo Art Nouveau manyorerwo. Kurerutsa kunzwisisa mashoko anopa chiduku tafura.

Modern Artists

Nouveau mirayiridzo	Artist mumiririri
mufananidzo	Gauguin, Klimt
Graphics	Beardsley
Mireza uye mapepa	Toulouse-Lautrec

modernism

Sei izvi muitiro angadai akatanga, kuti ndiwane rudo vateereri uye kupa pakutanga kusvikira kukura zvakadaro dzinonakidza kuitikawo akafanana surrealism uye futurism?

Nekuti modernism chinhu yechimurenga unyanzvi. It akasimuka ari kutsutsumwa pamusoro yechinyakare netsika realism.

Creative vanhu vari kutsvaka nzira itsva rwekutaura uye kumiririrwa chokwadi. In modernism ine yayo unhu zvinhu yaingowanikwa chete kwaari:

• soro basa zvenyika womunhu womukati;
• kutsvaka pfungwa itsva uye yepakutanga;
• zvikuru rakapiwa rokusika kunzwisisa;
• Literature chinowedzera spiritualisation munhu;
• kuti chidzoke ngano.

Culture nounyanzvi yokutanga yezana remakore rechi20, mifananidzo vemifananidzo siyana vachadzidza inotevera maviri zvikamu.

Interesting modernist mufambo

Ndezvipi? Amazing: unogona kufungisisa pavo uye nguva dzose tichidzidza zvinhu zvitsva. Culture nounyanzvi yokutanga yezana remakore rechi20, achaiswa zvishoma kurondedzerwa pazasi.

Hatidi anotambudza uye achapa mashoko ari kupfuura zvipfupi chimiro - muchimiro patafura. Kuruboshwe ichange iine zita romubati dzenzvimbo, zvakarurama - zvachiri.

Culture nounyanzvi yokutanga yezana remakore rechi20, mumwe tafura

Original modernist mufambo

Zita Chokwadi	mamiriro
surrealism	The apotheosis womunhu zvokufungidzira. Gangaidzo wemishonga zvakasiyana siyana.
impressionism	It dzakatangira France, uye ipapo kupararira pasi pose. Impressionists kutepfenyurwa munyika racho variability.
expressionism	Artists vakatsvaka kutaura mumidziyo mupfungwa dzavo mamiriro, nokutya kuti euphoria.
futurism	pfungwa yokutanga akasimuka Russia uye kuItaly. Futurists mu Mifananidzo ake nounyanzvi vakapfuura inofamba, simba uye nokukurumidza.
cubism	The Mifananidzo ine sechinhu chisina kumboitika geometric zvitarisiko nenzira yakananga sezvamunoita.

Culture nounyanzvi yokutanga yezana remakore rechi20 (Table 9 kirasi) kunoratidza inokosha zivo pamusoro penyaya.

Kunyatsoongorora Impressionism uye Surrealism sezvo sangano vaiuya unyanzvi mune pfungwa vangasimudzira itsva.

Surrealism: asi anopenga okugadzira zvinhu kana shasha?

Mumwe modernist dzenzvimbo yakabuda muna 1920 France.

Kudzidza basa Surrealists, munhu wose kazhinji nezvishamiso pamusoro zvavo chepfungwa. Vazhinji vemifananidzo nenhungamiro ichi chaiva vanhu zvakakodzera.

Zvino sei vanokwanisa kuzochera saka kujairika mifananidzo? Pfungwa wose uduku chido rokuchinja default mafungiro. nokuti surrealist iwe waiva nzira dzisashande mitemo. Surrealist Mifananidzo pamwe chaizvo hope. Artists vanotungamirirwa mitemo matatu:

1. kutandara kuti pfungwa;
2. achitora mifananidzo subconscious;
3. kana vaviri pfungwa vokutanga vakakundikana, vakasimudza bhurasho.

Nzwisisa kuti kupendwa mufananidzo-vaikoshesa zvakadaro, zvakaoma. Imwe kubvuma ndechokuti surrealists kwazvo pfungwa Freud pamusoro zviroto. Chechipiri - pakushandisa zvimwe zvinhu kuti kushandura pfungwa. Aripiko chokwadi - hazvisi pachena. Ngatimbozvifungai kunakidzwa unyanzvi, pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu. Pasi mufananidzo "Clock" ngano Salvador Dali.

Impressionism paguva

Impressionism - mumwe rwonzi modernism, iyo nzvimbo yechizvarirwo - France ...

Paintings zvidavado ichi akasiyana pfungwa, mutambo chiedza uye mavara akajeka. Artists vakatsvaka andobata pamusoro kanivhasi munyika chaiyo wayo variability uye kufamba. Of Impressionist Mifananidzo iri vanhuwo murume kunonatsiridza mwoyo, saka havana zvinokosha uye yakajeka.

Artists murayiro uyu vasina kumutswa chero nyaya ouzivi - Ivo kungorega vakachera zvavakaona. akaita Saka nounyanzvi, achishandisa siyana unyanzvi uye yakajeka palette mavara.

Mabhuku Classicism kuti existentialism

Culture nounyanzvi yokutanga yezana remakore rechi20 - mutsva kuitika mumabhuku kuti pfungwa dzevanhu. Mamiriro acho ezvinhu akafanana kupenda Classicism chinhu chekare, achipa nzira kune nemiitiro mutsva modernism.

Akanga paku kudaro "Kuwanikwa 'inonakidza mumabhuku, yakadai se:

• mukati kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura;
• Rwizi pfungwa;
• Kusonganirana kure;
• nekugona munyori kutarira pachangu kubva kunze (kukwanisa kutaura nezvake ari wechitatu munhu);
• irrealism.

Maitiro New mumabhuku rokutanga yezana remakore rechi20

Name mirayiridzo	Authors
mumagariro romanticism	Galsworthy, Mann, Belle
surrealism	Eluard, Aragon
existentialism	Kafka, Rilke
The modernist prose	Dzheyms Dzhoys

Irlansky munyori Dzheyms Dzhoys ndiye akatanga kushandisa zvakadai mabhuku mano sezvo mukati kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura uye Parody.

Franz Kafka - vakakurumbira yeAustria munyori, muvambi kuitika existentialism mune mabhuku. Pasinei chokwadi kuti mumazuva ake nemabasa ake haana kukonzera nokukurumidza nechido vaverengi, zviri kuzivikanwa somumwe yakanakisisa vanyori remakore rechi20.

basa rake kufurirwa zvinosuwisa the World War First. Iye akanyora kwazvo uye nesimba basa, achiratidza kusabetsera kwevanhu patinosangana ne kusava nomusoro chokwadi. Munyori haina kunyimwa uchifara, kunyange akanga ane yakananga chaizvo uye dema.

We vanoyambira kuti Kafka osmyslennnoe kuverenga kunogona kubatsira kuderedza kumunetsawo. Verenga munyori dzakanakisisa afare uye zvishoma abstracting kubva kwakakwidibira pfungwa dzake. Pakupedzisira, iye anorondedzera chete chiratidzo chaicho. Kafka wakakurumbira zvikuru basa - "Process".

sinema

Funny vakanyarara mafirimu - ndiyo tsika uye nounyanzvi yokutanga yezana remakore rechi20 zvakare, sezvo ivo kuverenga zvakawanda.

Hakuna rimwe Ndiwe chimiro, Virtual nokukurumidza sezvo cinema. Michina Movie zvisikwa wakatangwa mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19, makore chete 50 akakwanisa kuchinja chaizvo uye kuhwina mwoyo mamiriyoni evanhu.

The mafirimu vokutanga vakasikwa akura munyika, kusanganisira Russia.

Pakutanga, firimu raiva mutema uye chena uye pasina ruzha. Zvinoreva mafirimu anyerere kwaiva kubvisa ruzivo kuburikidza kufamba uye zvaunoita chiso chako kuti vatambi.

Kokutanga firimu ine vatambi vachitaura ikoko muna 1927. The American kambani "Uorner Brazers" akasarudza kusunungura firimu "The Jazz Singer", uye yatova wenguva firimu rine ruzha.

The Russian sinema chiri kwete akamira. Yokutanga vakabudirira chirongwa aiva firimu "Don Cossacks". Zvisinei, kusenza ari mafirimu Russian vaivawo nzvimbo kuti: pasi kurambidzwa vaipfura chechi yemichato uye mhuri yeumambo.

Chikuva unokosha kukura National mabhaisikopo rakatanga mushure Bolsheviks vakauya simba. mamwe masoja aya akakurumidza kuona kuti mabhaisikopo anogona kungova varaidzo, asiwo chakakomba vazivikanwe chombo.

Yakakurumbira Soviet Director 30s vakava Sergey Eyzenshteyn. Mabasa akadai "yehondo Potemkin" uye "Alexander Nevsky", kare kubva kuva chaiwo. Kyiv Director Alexander Dovzhenko zvakare kusvika miti firimu. Chinonyanya unoshamisa basa - firimu "Nyika".

An dzinonakidza nyaya kukurukura pakati vakuru - ndiyo tsika uye nounyanzvi yokutanga yezana remakore rechi20. Grade 9 rinopa mashoko truncated kuti nokukurumidza haazombotaurwi kubva musoro. Kuzadza pakakoromoka ichi inogona kuzvidzora akadzidzisa.