Mutauro Tamil. mhuri Dravidian kwemitauro

Tamil ndiye boka mutauro mumwe Dravidian. Zvinonzi rinoparadzirwa kumaodzanyemba kweIndia, ndiyo imwe mukuru munyika ino. Yakasiyana kare kuti mutauro uyu uye ayo ukama zvakananga navamufumi tsika India, wayo kwazvo kugoverwa nharaunda kukurudzirwa kudzidza Tamil vachiwedzera vanhu.

Vachitaura Tamil

Vazhinji maIndia vanotaura Tamil, vaigara Tamil Nadu - vanenge 92% yevanhu mhenyu kwechikamu chino nyika anotenda veko Tamil. Kuwanda Vatsvakurudzi vanoti, kunze India, rinogona kunzwika muSri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore, unotaurwa muna Mauritania neNorth Africa. A yakawanda vagere kumaodzanyemba Indian inoti vakatama uye ikozvino kurarama tsindirana mapoka ari UK, Canada neUnited States. Kuwanda vakurukuri vana Tamil vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni matanhatu.

vhudzi kare

Shoko "Tamil" mumutauro wokuRussia kwasvika kwatiri kubva Chirungu transcription. Mumutauro wemo wokupedzisira kurira shoko zvaitambidzwa tichibatsirwa 'l' kana 'Zh'. zita yepakuvamba zvakanyorwa sezvinotevera:

Dravidian mhuri mutauro ine zvakawanda ukama tumitauro. Vakawanda vavo - Telugu, kennarsky, Oraon, Marita nevamwe. Muboka iri, kunewo Tamil. Chine, mabhuku zvikuru yekare vayo. vaakawana mukuru vakanyoresa pamusoro zvisaririra zvemhuka emichindwe, zera ravo yakatanga kusvika 200 BC. e. Other zvinhu zvakanyorwa Tamil dzakafukunurwa 2005. Vari pakati kupfuura kare zvakanyorwa zvinyorwa zvevanhu uye nhengo rechi10 remakore BC. Zvinyorwa izvi akaratidza kuti mutauro Tamil rinobva Sanskrit - iri zvachose rakazvimirira dudzirachiito iyo nevanopinda mashoko mazhinji kubva Sanskrit, sinhalskogo uye nemimwe mitauro yemo. Nokuedza kubvisa hwakatangwa nokukwereta uye kudzokera Tamil pristine kwomwoyo. The mitauro hondo yakatanga purists Maraymalay Adigal uye Parithimaarom Kalaygnar, akasvika pakuzivikanwa pasi zita 'thanith thamizh iyakkam'. Kushandurirwa mumutauro Russian, ichi chinoreva kufamba yakaisvonaka Tamil. Naizvozvo, panguva ino ari paruzhinji uye mukuru kutaura akakweretwa kubva Sanskrit Mashoko anenge kumbobvira anowanikwa magwaro.

"Thirukkural"

Imwe yakakurumbira mabhuku ounyanzvi akanyorwa nemitauro India, rinonzi "Thirukkural". Munyori zvakasikwa, Thiruvalluval zvichida, akararama panguva imwe chete Kristu. Best kuzivikanwa chikamu nhetembo rokutanga - "On Kunaka". Basa iri ndiro musimboti wacho Tamil Classical Literature. Chinowanzoonekwa ambotaurwa nevafungi 19-20 remakore, Leo NdiTolstoy vaiona "Thirukkural" uye rimwe remabhuku kwevanhu kukuru. Iri basa yekare akarumbidza akahwina mubayiro weNobel A. Schweitzer, uyo aiziva Tamil, mumishinari uye mushanduri John. Pope, aisimbisa "Thirukkural", uye baba guru India, Mahatma Gandhi.

tumitauro

Vatsvakurudzi vokuBritain, uyo akabudisa nyaya yavo mune imwe reThe Ethnologue, akadana anopfuura makumi maviri huripo nhasi tumitauro pamusoro Tamil. Nepariri, vakanga vakakamurwa kuva matanhatu makuru kuparadzira nzvimbo: kuchamhembe, kumabvazuva, nechokumaodzanyemba, yokumadokero, nechepakati uye dudzirachiito Sri Lanka. Pachitsuwa mutauro Tamil rachengetedzwa ayo kuchinja chimiro, nepo Continental tumitauro kunge inini nomuedzo, withstanding yakakuwandira mashoko vavatorwa lexical siyana mimwe mitauro.

About Tamil - zvinonakidza

Zvinofadza kuziva kuti mutauro Tamil. Arufabheti yaro zviviri muzvitatu anotarisa mureza - yazvino Tamil mabhuku ane 18 nemavara uye 12 vanonyanya kutaurwa. Asi chetatu - chikuru, rine yakananga tsamba anofambidzana uyirmeyyelutty. Ivo kuvaverenga 216! Izvi "mabhii" uye zvinoumba hwaro mutauro Tamil.

In masvomhu Tamila vanogona kushamisika. Sezvineiwo, Tamil - ainzi Tamil. The nhamba iyi mutauro wekare vane chimwe chinhu: havasi kusungira makumi navamazana, uye nhamba nomumwe ane zizi "zita". Uye kwete chete yose dzinongoitika nhamba, asi kunyange zvakaoma zvikamu zviduku. Somuenzaniso, shoko rinotaurwa immi chakapatsanurwa 1/320 uye 1/7 inonzi Anu. mazita akakodzera ndivo kunyange avo zvikamu zviduku zvisina kushanda kushandiswa muupenyu chaihwo.

Classical Tamil

The Berkeley - mumwe mumayunivhesiti yakakurumbira American (California), gore negore wakaitwa musangano yakatsaurirwa kuna vekare uye vemazuva ano Tamila. Mukati masvingo Berkli Tamilu vaiona mutauro chekare, iye - chekare, akaita yayo akazvimirira tsika muna Tamil akanyorwa mabasa mazhinji chaiko. mutauro Izvi rekare mari (MuchiGiriki chekare), uye vakuru zvikuru kupfuura Arabic. Kwemazana emakore akawanda, Tamila akaedza kunzvenga kutukana borrowings nokuparadzirwa ari chizvarwa mutauro mashoko wokumwe. Kunyanya akaramba simba mutauro Sanskrit. Ndokusaka aramba yayo lexical chivako zviuru akawanda. Muna 2004, Tamila akanga azivikanwa mutauro netsika India rokutanga.

Kurwa nokuti mutauro waamai

Tamils akanyatsojeka tichinetseka mutauro wavo. In musha wavo hurumende vanodavira kuti kana mutauro National muIndia - Hindi - zvichange kuparadzirwa kunyika dzavo, Tamila vatakuri nokukurumidza uchakanganwa mutauro wavo waamai. In muenzaniso mutauro vanyatsowana atungamirire Hyderabad, Mumbai, Kolkata, uko mutauro yavanopinda kusvika kunze kushandiswa, uye vagari kunyanya kutaura Hindi kana Chirungu.

Ch Annaduray, aichimbova gurukota Mukuru Tamil Nadu, vaitaura kuti kusarudza dzinobvumira Hindi mutauro wamarudzi chakaipa. "Nei national mhuka India runoonekwa kuva ingwe, kwete gonzo? Pazvo, vakawanda makonzo?" - akabvunza. Annaduray mashoko aya akasimbisa kuti pane nyaya hazvigoni kugadziriswa nyore ruzhinji. Kuteerera yaimbova Minister uye Parliament India, uye kunze kwenyika iyi zvikuru. Kutamburira kuchena yekare bazi remutauro mberi. Ndinoda kuchengetedza kuzvibereko ari chaiwo Tamila vatakuri mutauro ichi chinoshamisa.