Mutengo indekisi - ndiyo nheyo zvakanaka kuva kupima. Nhoroondo pokumuka pfungwa, mifananidzo, uye kukarukureta zvinhu

mutengo indekisi - a weighted indekisi kunozivisa mumusika ukoshi dzakananga boka kwenhumbi kana mabasa mukati imwe nharaunda pamusoro kwenguva. mari chinhu mhenyu kuratidza mamiriro National upfumi. Izvi zvinonzi mukuru mutengo indekisi. Rakatetepa kuvandudzwa zviratidzi kubatsira mabhizimisi zvokuita pamusoro bhizimisi. Zvose izvi zviri dzaona ne Statistical masangano akawanda rinoti ano, kusanganisira Federal State Statistics Service National. Consumer Price Index - kupfuura inozivikanwa vavo. Munyaya ino tichakurukura nhoroondo pfungwa iyi, mhando zviratidzo, kukarukureta uye kushandisa kwavo zvinhu.

tsanangudzo pfungwa

Price Index - a Statistical hama ukoshi. Rinoshandiswa kuenzanisa simba rinomutsa mumusika ukoshi nemapoka zvinhu uye mabasa munguva uye nenzvimbo nzvimbo. Nzira pakuverenga ari chinoratidza inotanga kusarudzwa uye pakusarudza mumiririri muenzaniso fomura. Pane zvikuru zvitatu indices: ari deflator pamusoro GDP, mutengi uye maindasitiri mitengo.

History of pfungwa

Pakati nezvoupfumi hapana tabvumirana kuti ndiani vakwira pamwe mutengo indekisi yokutanga. Izvi hazvishamisi, nokuti nyanzvi vanobatanidzwa mumunda ichi, mumwe mujenya. Vazhinji vanotaura kuti adzidze Raysa Vogana "Discourse Mari uye coinage." basa rake yakabudiswa muna 1675. Munyori anoda kuti zviparadzanise inflationary kwechirwere mutsika zvinokosha simbi kubva America kuSpain pamigumisiro kuderedzwa. Vaughan akaenzanisa basa nemitemo panguva yayo uye nguva Edward III, makanga mune kwevari nenguva mubayiro vave wagadzirirwa. Wales Vezvemari vanodavira kuti kwavari zvaibvira kutenga anenge chete yakatarwa kwenhumbi. Vaughan ongororo yakaratidza kuti ufanane mitengo iri UK pamusoro yapfuura remakore yakawedzera 6-8 nguva. Zvisinei, hazvina zvakananga inofungidzirwa kukura unodiwa.

indekisi First mutengo kwave dzaona ne Chirungu Economist William Fleetwood muna 1707. I akaenda Oxford mudzidzi anogona kurasikirwa bhezari nokuti kuti ayo pagore kwemari kuri makirogiramu anopfuura mashanu. Urongwa uhwu kwakaitika muzana remakore rechi15. Zvoupenyu zvido Fleetwood yaisanganisira mutengo kuchinja, saka hazvina dzinoshandiswa raiva guru mari Statistical mashoko panyaya. Iye akaratidza kuti mumakore 260 apfuura, ukoshi pondo shanu zvachinja yekudyidzana. Ake zvakabudiswa, akabudisa anonymously, asi tsvakurudzo wake zvakabatsira zvikuru Oxford vadzidzi.

Laspeyres

Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kuti vanhu vakawanda riri kuwedzera mutengi mitengo, izvo kunozivisa mitengo. chakarurama ichi chakavakirwa wakaiswa tswanda zvinhu uye mabasa. Ndiye rudzi indekisi Laspeyres, sokushandiswa pakuverenga mutengo pechingoro gore. Regai Q ₀ - chawo pamwero kusunungurwa. Kungavawo zvakakodzera uwandu nhumbi zviri mutengi mudengu. A P ₀ uye P ₁ - mutengo yomuropa pangoro uye ano nguva. Ipapo yokuita mutengi mutengo indekisi (CPI) achava sezvinotevera: Σ (Q X P ₀ ¹⁾ Σ (Q P ₀ X _0). The chikuru dambudziko kushandisa chakarurama ichi ndechokuti haina kufunga kuchinja mutengo mamiriro. Zvinoratidza chete mari chaizvoizvo vachifungawo mukana kuzvitsinhanisa. Saka, mutengi mutengo indekisi kazhinji zvinopa pamwero overvalued kuti mitengo kana mutengo kukura uye undervalued - sezvo voparadzwa.

GDP deflator

Chimwe chinoratidza, iyo inechirevo mamiriro hwenyika, ari Paasche indekisi. Iye kwakavakirwa nguva mumwe munhu mutsva nevatengi tswanda kana kusunungurwa pamwero. Regai Q ₀ uye Q ₁ - goho pangoro uye kuitika nguva, uye P ₀ uye P ₁ - chaienzanirana date nguva runotaura mutengo mumatunhu. Zvadaro deflator GDP payakavakirwa iri sezvinotevera: GDPdeflator = Σ (Q ₁ x P ₁₎ Σ (Q ₀ X P _0). chakarurama ichi inogona dzaona nokuda kugovera aizviti chakakomba mumhuri inogadzirwa chaidzo. Huru chinetso chakarurama ichi ndechokuti kazhinji underestimates mitengo apo mutengi mutengo indekisi rinopa wayo kukuremedzai maitiro, kureva, pamwe nokuwedzera mitengo.

The avhareji ukoshi

Kugadzirisa zvinokanganiswa kuri muzvirevo nhamba mbiri, akashandurwa sezvaari nomumwe indekisi mutengo. Zvakaita American Economist Irving Fisher. Iye zvinganaka kuverenga geometric Zvichakadaro mutengo, kureva, yaiungana mudzi zvibereko Laspeyres uye Paasche.

Rosstat: Consumer Price Index

Maererano Federal State Statistics Service, mamiriro ezvinhu mune zvoupfumi kutanga anoyera kure. Muna January 2016, mutengi mitengo yakawedzera 9.8% zvakafanana nomwedzi 2015 kukura kwavo kwakanga 12,9%. Pasati nhamba yacho yaiva chete November 2014. Paavhareji, kuti CPI kuRussia yakasvika 137,42% nokuti nguva rusununguko. Yakadereresa aiva April 2012 - 3.6%. Record mukuru mitengo indekisi, Rosstat yakanyorwa December 1992 - 2333.3%. Kana pakuverenga chakarurama ichi Rosstat inokurukura mumapoka akadaro: zvokudya uye non-doro (30%), zvifambiso (14%), zvipfeko uye shangu (11%), rents (11%) uye Recreation (6%) .