Ivan Fedorov Monument muMoscow. Description of shongwe Ivanu Fedorovu

Created muna 1909, kuti shongwe kupayona Fedorov - nderimwe Kukwezva Moscow, izvo mazana revashanyi vanogaramo kutumwa daily.

Ivan Fyodorov

Ivan Fedorov aiva womunyika Russian Empire. Kunyange zvazvo iye akaberekwa mundima of Moscow ano , anenge zvose ake upenyu yaaipedza munyika Grand Duchy pakati Lithuania, uye Ukraine, muLviv, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva chikamu Russian dunhu uye ari Commonwealth. Kwenguva refu akazoshanda Moscow kubudiswa imba, anosvinurira mari yamambo, iri kunozivikanwa Ivan Fyodorov, wokutanga purinda. Monument ake pakutanga yakavakwa pedyo chivakwa.

Kunyange zvakadaro, zviri vaiona muvambi kudhinda. The Russian umambo nguva Ivan IV yokutanga nguva akabudisa rechitendero basa, "MuApostora." It Fedorov ndohwaJehovha wekutanga munhoroondo imba zvino anotaura kudhinda.

Akazvarwa nyanzvi pakati 1510 uye 1530 makore. Pane shanduro aberekwa ari mundima Vileyka woruwa, Minsk nharaunda.

Naizvozvo, nhasi zviri pfupi chaizvo ndangariro. Vamwe vaongorori vanodavira upenyu Fedorov kuti akanga akadzidziswa Krakow uye akava tsvimborume. The City University ine nhoroondo yacho.

Pakutanga akaronga kuzvipira basa raMwari uye kwainzi mudhikoni pachechi St. Nicholas Kremlin Gostunskii.

Changing mabasa

Kuti Fedorov aishanda Printing muchivanze Ivan IV, mashoko asina vakachengetedzwa kutsigira. Iye ndiye chete Bhuku kusazivikanwa mapepa akawanda rakapa muMoscow.

mumwe Chaizvoizvo gore 1563 musi 1564 vakashanda Fedorov pamwe mutevedzeri wake Petrom Mstislavtsem mubhuku "MuApostora". Mubhuku rino, akatanga kuisa chitambi wake Ivan Fedorov. Monument ake chinomiririra peji rokutanga "Muapostora." Kwapera gore, wokutanga aidhinda rinobudisa idzva bhuku - ". Breviary"

Upenyu Lithuania uye Ukraine

Pashure kurwiswa pamusoro boyars printshop Fedorov uye shamwari yake vakatiza Duchy pamusoro Lithuania. Ikoko vakagara Chodkiewicz, Hetman pamusoro Lithuania, uye kutanga kushanda naye. Getman atenga akazarura imba yokudhinda kwavari.

Munda yokutsauka, uye apo ivo dziri, pane bhuku "kudzidzisa vhangeri" uye "Psalter ne Chasoslovtsem". Pakadhindwa chechipiri "MuApostora" Fedorov rinodhindira kare muLviv. Nokuti bhuku iri, akanyora uye kuzivisa kwake pakutaura yokusuma. Panguva pachako kukoka Muchinda Ostrog vakagara kwemakore muguta rino, apo rinobudisa Bhaibheri rokutanga nenyika Church. Ndakanga nguva kushanyira Vienna uye Krakow. Kwenguva refu, I yakambotora zvinovheneka vakakurumbira European nesayenzi.

Akafa muLviv, apo akavigwa.

mudhindwa

Somushumiri Chechi rezasi mukirasi, Ivan Fedorov sarudza kudhinda rakajairika panguva vezvitendero magwaro nguva. Iyewo yakabudiswa mabhuku akawanda pamusoro girama, kuitira kuti vanhu vose vaigona kudzidza kuverenga nokunyora.

Okutanga mhando zvakaitwa kuti mabhuku anoda kusvika nemitemo ano. Mashoko papeji imwe akaisa maviri nemashanu mitsetse. Vanofanira zvinenge kufanana kuti ano A4 format. Wokutanga bhuku akadhindwa rine headers uye footers, uye kunyange Subscript uye Superscript magwaro mufashoni panguva iyoyo Europe. Vakatora pamusoro uye ipapo Ivan Fedorov. Monument ake chinofananidzira mupumburu nemabhii zvakafanana.

maviri mavara akashandiswa panguva rokudhinda. Bhuku rinonzi Asati aifanira kunyatsoongorora kuverenga rugwaro, kururamisa zvikanganiso, kushandura zvimwe zvirungamutauro. chitsauko piyona itsva yakashongedzwa vignettes yepakutanga uye decoration fonts.

Machine

On kunozivikanwa Chishandiso ichi, vakatevera masikati nousiku ndaishanda Fedorov, anenge asina mashoko. Pakafa muparidzi inongori tsanangudzo nezvaiva pariri. The muchina yaigadzirwa nevanhu Italian rwokugadzira. To naye ari kutengeserana yematanda nhengo. Tsamba papepa chakatsindirwa kubudikidza ndiro, mhangura guru sikuruu hwindimiri. It akawanikwa panzvimbo uye pamatanda kuti tsamba. Machine kuremerwa vanenge 104 makirogiramu. Vari nyore kushandiswa Ivan Fedorov. The Monument hunorondedzera muchina mu yakawedzerwa maonero.

History of shongwe

Zvinoreva kuti ave nechokwadi kuti kuchengeta kuyeuka zvikuru Ivan Fedorov, vakatanga kuunganidza muna 1870. The initiators yacho kuungana vaiva vamiririri Moscow Archaeological Union. Kunyange zvazvo mari akaisa pamwechete asi nokukurumidza, mubvunzo chaizvo ndiani kushanda pamusoro chivezwa, rakavhurika.

Monument kuna Ivan Fedorov, apo piyona inomira vake zvizere urefu, rakavambwa muna 1909. Mari nayo vakaunganidza-matatu namapfumbamwe. Asati pakuvaka shongwe kwayo ikaunganidzwa 29 000 rubles, isina kumboitika uwandu panguva iyoyo. Makwikwi ezvivako uye vavezi vemabwe kokutanga kwakakundikana. The Commission haadi chero chisarudzo dzichitaurwa mabasa.

Pashure kunyatsosarudza yakanakisisa basa vemifananidzo yeRussia uye dzimwe nyika vakanga vanyoresa muvezi Sergey Mihaylovich Volnuhin uye mapurani Ivan Pavlovich Mashkov. Dzinoongororwa zvirongwa Klyuchevskii kuhwina wenhoroondo uye rokupenda Apollinaris Vasnetsov.

Description of shongwe Ivan Fedorov

Ivan Fyodorov akamira shongwe yake yaaida mamiriro pandaishanda. Muruoko imwe akaita akadhindwa bhodhi ane yakatarwa mabhii. In ake Ukuwo Muruvoko iye chete akaita peji kubva mubhuku "MuApostora." The chivezwa yakaitwa yendarira.

Description of shongwe Ivan Fedorov haangavi kwakakwana kana musingabudisi pamusoro dzake. Kunyange zvazvo muparidzi uye aiva pakunamata, vavezi vemabwe vanoratidzwa ake senguva kupfeka nguva idzodzo: jasi refu buttoned pamusoro mabhatani, kubva izvo munhu anogona kuona bhurukwa tucked kupinda majombo.

piyona Hair yakasungirirwa pamwe rwonzi, saka sezvo asina kupindira panguva kushanda.

The nechigadziko iri yakashongedzwa nguvo maoko Fedorov ari muruoko nenhovo pamwe initials. Pamusoro mabhii anoratidza zvishoma yokutenda, somuseve. Vachitungamirirwa chidhori tenzi ane siginicha "Nikoly Chudotvortsa Gostunskogo mudhikoni Ivan Fedorov".

Nomuvezi vaisagona kufuratira bhuku "MuApostora" uye akaisa kutanga musi kwayo pokugadzwa pasi zita muparidzi.

nzvimbo

Nzvimbo shongwe Ivan Fedorov, kwete kusarudzwa netsaona. Vasingaverengi iye uye aimbova imba yokudhinda, iyo mari Ivanom Groznym. Ipapo rakaonekwawo bhuku "MuApostora" pakutanga shanduro. The pachivanze rakaumbwa muna 1553, uye panguva imweyo Fedorov akatanga kushanda ikoko.

Apo Peter Mukuru munzvimbo ino akatanga kuparidza pepanhau "Vedomosti".

Asi kana vashanyi vachange akabvunza pane shongwe Ivanu Fodorovu, vakadana nzvimbo yakasiyana zvikuru. Chikonzero ichi chaiva kuchinjwa kuti shongwe ine nechigadziko. Muna 1934, mumigwagwa Moscow yakatanga kukura, kuputsa zvivakwa okuberekwa. Kitai-Gorod rusvingo akanga aenda, uye zvikanzi vakasarudza kutamira chifananidzo.

Uye mumakore 90 ari shongwe akanga atamira Metropole Hotel. Kubva basa Fedorov, Mint kamwe ndiyo hombe, pakanga chete shongwe duku. Ikoko, muna yaimbova "kodzero" Ivan Fyodorov akashanda. Zviratidzwa panguva shongwe musi mevhiki uye pakupera kwevhiki, uye inoguma tichiona attics.

Pakuyeuka Fedorov

Moscow Monument - handiyo chete nezve murume uyu wakafanira, chiso pakunamata uye mudzidzisi. Muna 1997, mumwe miziyamu vachikudza Ivana Fedorova yakavhurwa panguva Potocki Palace. Zvinokwanisika kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro poupenyu musiki mabhuku, uyewo pamusoro sei nokudhinda Pakutanga vakasarudza iyo mabhuku kubudisa uye nei yokutanga nguva rakabudiswa mabhuku echitendero chete.

Pedyo miziyamu ndiye "mutengo" somunhu Ivan Fedorov - piyona. The Monument chakaitwa muvezi Anatoly Galyanom.

Muna 1998, panguva Utatu-rwacho Segiyo Lavra akagadza kuvake, izvo anomirira muvambi mabhuku pamwe muchina wake. kakasaririra Izvi rakasiyana chokuti kokutanga munhoroondo yose Orthodox pairi akauya richiswedera wokudhinda.

Muna 2009 Fyodorov akanga somusande muTestamende Vakatendeka Orthodox Church, christened iye John mudhikoni.

Uye muna 2010, zita Ivan Fedorov akanga paakavapa State University of Printing muMoscow, zuva vavo ake masere okuberekwa.

MuLviv, uri nechepakati sikweya inomira ane shanu-mita chivezwa - vakapfeka Ecclesiastical nguo Ivan Fedorov. Monument muMoscow yakasiyana zvikuru nayo. Monument muLviv chakaitwa pedyo nenzvimbo yakanga Typography.

Facts pamusoro shongwe

• Munguva Panovhurwa shongwe muna 1909, zvakanga vakaunganidza vose zviremera muguta. mudungwe yakaitwa. Zuva rakatevera, vaipfuura vakawana kuti pakanga shongwe chishongo pamusoro raiva rakanyorwa "Martyrs Russian bhuku-rokudhinda." Unknown aida ruvhevhe saka avo kushushwa izvo akatsungirira Ivan Fedorov muMoscow pedyo ipapo nezviremera.
• A ngano muSoviet Union akanga Ivan Fedorov. Monument muMoscow akanga vanoratidzwa Soviet zvetsamba kuti gore kuyeuka afa makore mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu.
• The chivezwa inogona kuonekwa apo pokuona kamwe-acclaimed blockbuster yeSoviet "The vakatozodzokera usingagoni kuchinjwa." Vasingaverengi iye Sharapov uye Anna vakasangana.
• The Monument riri pedyo Rue St. Nicholas. It vagara inozivikanwa ayo bhuku pamusika uye zvitoro. Pamberi chimurenga, Nicholas akanga muzinda chaiye mubhuku roupenyu, musha kubva mangwanani kusvikira usiku vose Moscow vepamusoro.
• Munguva Soviet, kuti shongwe yakava nechokuita zvakananga mabhuku. bhuku rake roswedera kumisika pakushambadzira uye zvitsva zvitoro.
• Fedorov Monument zvinoonekwa kubva Okhotny Ryad.
• Musiki chigadzirwa ichaongororwa kuva tateguru Volnukhin Nouveau uye kwokufananidzira muchiRussia chivezwa. Pamusoro pake, akashanda kwemakore maviri.
• To nhasi haina akachengetedzwa yokutombotaura sei kutarisira Ivan Fedorov. Monument pamwe vakabatsira kusika I. Zabelin, Russian wenhoroondo, uyo akatungamirira nomuvezi, tichifunga nezvenguva apo muparidzi akararama.