Mutauro shoma kushandiswa: kusarudza redunhu uye zvinhu

Kwakakodzera vakasarudzwa mashoko mukutaura uye kunyora mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana kunoda kungwaririra, uye vazhinji ruzivo. Mamwe Mashoko vari zvachose kwazvakarerekera, saka vanogona kushandiswa chero mamiriro ezvinhu. Kunyange zvazvo vamwe kutakura zvimwe mupfungwa, uye anogona vose zvinosimbisa manzwiro kuti mukurukuri anoda kutaura uye kupa zvaaida kuhwanda nevamwe.

Panewo yoga chikamu chemashoko chokuita inonzi dzisina mashoko kushandiswa. Kubva mururimi rwavo Mutauro zvingava zvakasiyana Somuenzaniso, nharaunda nokuparadzirwa kwayo kana zvoupenyu nyanzvi basa, kuti icho anorondedzera, kana magariro boka, kushandisa mashoko Data. Naizvozvo zvakakosha chaizvo kunzwisisa kuti rwakafanana duramazwi uye mashoko anotaura shoma kushandiswa kwemashoko (chiripasi). Chokutanga, tinofanira kunzwisisa weboka mashoko yomutauro wokuRussia.

tsananguro

Tanga kutaura kuparadzana lexical nemamiriro mutauro wokuRussia vari boka, chokutanga wehurukuro zvose pamusoro mashoko uye mukuru Mutauro shoma zvezvinotaurwa kushandiswa. The yokupedzisira, sezvo yave akati, rakakamurwa remutauro professionalism akariposhera, zvinosanganisira mashoko akashandiswa "declassed zvinhu", uye zvake youth akariposhera, uye vokutanga zvikuru monolithic uye divisible mumapoka maviri: stylistically kwazvakarerekera unokura uye mupfungwa mhosva . Zvichitevera kupatsanura ichi, zvinokwanisika kuziva muenzaniso yemibvunzo kushandisa mamwe mashoko.

Mutauro vakawanda kushandiswa

chikamu ichi - zvikuru zvakawanda, zvinosanganisira inokosha Mutauro mutauro wokuRussia, zviri zvechokwadi lexical core. Ndizvo chikamu mashoko ose pachena mari chinonziwo sezvo mukuru kushandiswa shoko rinoshandiswa pakutaura kwake, uye kunzwisisa zvose vatakuri mutauro Russian kana ruzhinji. Ichi - rudzi Database mutauro chaiko, kushandiswa izvo zvingaita zvose nomuromo uye pakunyora. Uyezve, zvakajairika kushandiswa Mutauro ndiyo hwaro okunze vari ipapo kurongwa dzisina kushandisa mashoko - mashoko, akariposhera, professionalism.

Semienzaniso, mashoko anotevera anogona kutungamirira: kuenda, udye, basa, verenga, bhuku, zvokudya, mvura, muchero, mhuka, chando, chitubu, muzhizha, shoko, musikana, musoro uye nevamwe.

Kuwedzera kune izvi? talk kushandiswa mutauro unogona kukamurwa mapoka maviri paupamhi: stylistically mashoko enyika uye emotive. The yokupedzisira zvikuru akakurumbira pakutaura, journalistic kana mabhuku acho. Zvinova zvikuru vapenyu, haaiti ngaave somunhu yakaoma chinyorwa duramazwi kana enisaikoropidhiya inoti, zvinobatsira kuratidza manzwiro mutauri kana munyori Maonero kuti nyaya, zvaakanyora.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pakati mururimi rwavo uye Mutauro zvishoma zvoupenyu kushandiswa kunoitika nguva dzose pave. Dzimwe nguva kwazvakarerekera Mashoko zvakaitika kupinda muchikwata zhargonzimov kana professionalism, asi, nokuti Somuenzaniso, bazi remutauro mashoko ndiwo mashoko tsika kushandiswa.

Limited kushandiswa kwemashoko: mhando

chikamu ichi lexical maumbirwo mutauro wokuRussia vanosanganisira mapoka akawanda, mukati iyo unogona kuita zvimwe nekupatsanurwa. Mune mashoko yoruzivo kushandiswa Somuenzaniso, kusanganisira mashoko kuri mune dzimwe tumitauro, chaiyo mashoko rinosanganisira mashoko uye professionalism, chero jargon (kusanganisira akariposhera). Panyaya iyi, okutanga nookupedzisira mhando haana kuiswawo pakati mabhuku dzemunharaunda mutauro wokuRussia uye kazhinji kushandiswa chete nemumuromo yokukurukurirana.

bazi remutauro mutauro

Mutauro mumwe munzvimbo nyika ine chaizvo maitiro ayo: yacho phonetic, zvivakamutauro, uye, chokwadi, lexical. Kazhinji ndiwo lexical peculiarities kure zvikuru kuomera vashanyi kunzwisisa kutaura vemo. Vakawanda remutauro Mutauro inogona kupatsanurwa muzvikwata akawanda:

• phonetic remutauro;
• zvivakamutauro remutauro;
• lexical mutauro.

Phonetic remutauro akasiyana mabhuku ndozvakajairwa chete emashoko mashoko, uye naizvozvo haana zvakare omesa kunzwisisa zvakataurwa. Somuenzaniso - mutsindo yaitsiva "n" inzwi "H", ndiEzekieri, mune dzimwe kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero inoti: tselovek, Niemcza. Kana hunhu wokumaodzanyemba tumitauro vasanyanya mabhii "kha": emiti, Vanka.

Zvivakamutauro remutauro - mashoko anoshandiswa zvakasiyana kupfuura normalized shanduro mutauro. Somuenzaniso, nokuti kumaodzanyemba tumitauro Russian inozivikanwa nokushandisa muchimiro chechikadzi kweshoko, izvo, maererano mabhuku chaiwo, ndiwo mashoko neuter: yose munda, vane nyama.

Lexical remutauro chaizvo kazhinji pamusoro pavo kusiyanisa matauriro kubva munharaunda kutaura mumwe nharaunda. The mutauro Mutauro govera inokosha boka rinonzi ethnographism - mazwi kunan'anura zvinhu uye pfungwa runozivisa imwe nzvimbo. Mashoko aya inowanzoshandiswa ingano, panguva mari yavo zvinoyevedza chinyorwa anopa rinokosha expressiveness uye unhu kutaura - kutendeseka, "Akasununguka".

chinokosha Mutauro

Maererano shoma kushandiswa kwemashoko uye professionalism kuti anoshandiswa bedzi mune imwe mumunda basa. Kazhinji mashoko akadaro mashoko zvakafanana kuti vawana zvimwe kukosha, Chokwadi zvose nhengo kungotaura. Muchikamu ichi jargon ndiro zita ndibatsireiwo chero chinhu kana muitiro, uye mukuru zita achava kare kuva izwi.

Somuenzaniso, shoko rinoshandiswa kureva nechando simbi iri nendiro, - chipo, asi metallurgists kumudana "mbudzana." Muchiitiko chino, zvakanga "mbudzi" ndiyo professionalism.

"Ganda" - professionalism, sezvo kushandiswa uye pakati penyanzvi. Runoenzanirana zita pamutemo riri "sandpaper".

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti professionalism zvishoma "gadziriro" - Ivo vanoberekerwa ataura mutauro, pane imwe nguva yakawanda, uye ipapo kunyangarika, vari kutsiviwa nemashoko matsva. Asi dzimwe nguva vanenge wakaiswa, kuva dzakazara mazwi. Pakati mashoko nyanzvi uye mashoko vari vakatsinhanisa, yakafanana kuchinjana pakati rwakafanana mashoko uye Mutauro zvishoma kushandisa - mashoko nguva dzose kunoita kubva rimwe boka kune rimwe.

Subspecies aikosha Mutauro - mazwi

Izwi - Shoko imwe chinhu kana pfungwa, uye, sezvo mutemo, haana okuwedzera ukoshi, kusiyana kuri madikanwa chinoratidza kuti mashoko ichi muboka uye mazwi "chawo" chero chiyero chinofukidza zvinhu zvose, zvakavapo uye pezvakaitwa kuitika mairi . Kusiyana nemamwe mashoko uye avo nezvaanoreva, okuti vari zvakananga. Kunyatsoverenga basa pamusoro pavo kunoreva kubviswa zvakawanda mashoko uye kuisa urongwa akajeka kushandiswa kwayo, ukama nevamwe mashoko bhora iyi yebasa.

jargon

Argo, kana sezvazvakanyorwa kunzi, jargon - ndiwo zvakaturikidzaniswa wokuRussia Mutauro unokura, kushandiswa iri maitire mamwe evanhu mapoka, ishoko, yakajeka "yavo". Nokufamba kwenguva, chikamu akariposhera mashoko seeping kupinda zvakajairika kushandiswa mutauro, kuva shoko anoshandisa zvose chizvarwa vakurukuri, zvisinei munzanga uye kunharaunda. Mienzaniso inosanganisira shoko Rogue akangwara, Linden (zvinoreva "nyepera").

Akariposhera mashoko anowanikwa mumabhuku, mukuzadzikisa chete basa sezvo mutauro nemashoko. Nokuda kwavari tiri vemungano vatambi yava zvoga. Uyezve, achibatsirwa yavo, munyori anogona kuunza manyorero pfungwa uye mukuru pfungwa chigadzirwa kuti zvakazara anoruramisa kushandiswa "ipfupi" mashoko.

Somuenzaniso, muna yokufungidzira "Muchato" Granik pakutaura protagonists vanogona kuwana okuti "Zviri Hoo, I vataure" ndiko kuti, "Zviri ini chete kutaura chinhu."

youth akariposhera

Sezvo mukomana rakanyatsojeka yakakura evanhu boka, ayo akariposhera anofanira yoga chinhu, nekuti ndizvo chaizvo zvakawanda, kunyange kana iwe hamubati akariposhera pamusoro subcultures siyana uye kufamba. Ungawana kupi mienzaniso yakawanda "rethinking" tsika mazwi, chiri nei "Cars" anova rakafanana nerokuti shoko "muchina", vabereki vanova "vanababa", asi nezvomufi munhu chinyararire vanoti "nayo Zvaparara."

A vakaparadzana boka ndiwo mashoko mudzidzi akariposhera. Naizvozvo, nokuti kushaya vadzidzi lagging "miswe" kwete mumaoko bvunzo mu zachetke - Nest "Boa" (kureva kuti "dzinogutsa"), uye "Stepan rava" kana "stipuha" kunongova bhezari, risingagoni kumirira vamwe vadzidzi.

mhedziso

Nokupfupikisa, tinogona kutaura kuti mashoko mutauro wokuRussia iri kusimba guru zvakapfumisa chete nguva. Uyezve, weboka mashoko chero boka riri zvimiso zvikuru, nekuti nedanho kuchinja mashoko kubva muboka kune mumwe ari kuramba uye hakudzivisiki. Zvinobatsira kudzivisa asika vachinyanya vanachandagwinyira framework uye yakaoma mitemo kushandisa shoko, anosiya mukurukuri kutamba pakusarudzwa nzira yakakodzera chaizvo chinangwa zvinotaura.