Ndeipi unoreva zvakawanda reshoko? ukoshi

Shoko rimwe nerimwe rine lexical rinoreva. Izvi ndizvo zvatinofanira kufungidzira mupfungwa dzako patinonzwa kana kuriverenga.

Somuenzaniso, pfungwa dzakadaro se "matsutso shizha kuwa '.

Mamwe mashoko lexical zvichireva chimwe. Somuenzaniso, "shizha" - yokukosha chiratidzo. Asi "Autumn" - pfungwa mbiri-digit. Mumwe wavo - chete nguva gore, uye mumwe - nguva upenyu hwomunhu paanotanga zera. Mashoko akadaro dzinonzi multi-kukosheswa.

The unoreva zvakawanda weshoko

Izvi pfungwa lexical, naro chinorehwa kukwanisa mashoko kureva mananara siyana kuti kuripo munyika. Inotevera mienzaniso yakadaro:

• WaAzuri - chikamu nyika neVadzidzi mvura (yegungwa); pasi, mumakondinendi (mhosva pamahombekombe); kurasikirwa kuzvidzora ( "kumahombekombe kuona" - inotakurika ukoshi).
• Urefu - urefu chinhu kubva pasi-up (kubva kureba kukura kwayo); Kureba vertically kubva pfungwa imwe (sirin'i kukwirira); nzvimbo pamusoro akarikomberedza nzvimbo, pachikomo (zvinokubatai nokukwirira); unyanzvi pamwero (yokusvika nokukwirira); Unhu Audio matauriro (inzwi nenamo); kugutsa zvikuru inoomesera zvinodiwa ( "akasimuka kuti chiitiko ichi ezvinhu" - Handheld).
• The gamba - murume akaratidza kuzvitsaurira kuponesa vamwe (hondo gamba); munhu anoyemurwa uye chido kutevedzera (gamba nguva yedu); chimiro chikuru romubati mabasa (magamba enyika yokufungidzira).

• Soul - musimboti kuti anogara muviri wenyama (tama kwemweya) ; romukati nyika womunhu ( "wose anotsvaka"); Human hunhu (nyore kana yakafara yokugezera); ari neshasha yacho (mweya yedu hondo); wose kufarira (mweya); vanhu, ane nhamba iri kutendeuka (vana vatanhatu vanhu); serf (roora - matatu yokugezera); kudare rimwe bato ( "Ndiudze, mweya wangu"); kufara ( "nokuti mweya anotora"); bureaucrat ( "Paper Mweya"); subconscious (mumwoyo); zvokufuridzirwa, mafaro kana kufinhwa, tichishuva (kuita pasina mweya, anoimba nomweya).

The unoreva zvakawanda kweshoko zvinoreva kukura mutauro. Kudya dzakasiyana-siyana uye mamiriro ezvinhu ezvinhu, imwe zita, inotungamirira kuti paumbwe dzimwe lexical anoreva.

Mano urwu rwokutaura, kune rumwe rutivi, kunoita kuti aponese lexical zviwanikwa, uye pamusoro mumwe, uchapupu unhu hwakadai womunhu generalized mafungiro.

The unoreva zvakawanda mashoko (polysemy) inomirira kubatana akawanda tsika mune rimwe inzwi.

Rokufananidzira zvinoreva zvakawanda mazwi

Vamwe kurehwa neshoko takurika. Kusiyana zvakananga pfungwa, vane chesekondari uye kuumbwa nokuda upi kufanana nemashoko epakutanga pfungwa. Somuenzaniso, shoko rokuti "bhurasho" zvakananga ukoshi - pamaoko, branching kupinda kwayo constituent okunze. Izvi semantics runoita kuti zvimwe zvinhu kuti chinhu chose zvinosanganisira wacho nezvimedu: kupenda mumakwenzi, sumbu remazambiringa.

The unoreva zvakawanda kweshoko Rinobatanidzwa nevamwe lexical kwomutauro pfungwa. Somuenzaniso, pamwe anoreva zvakafanana

• Ropa Sunset (tsvuku);
• Ice mvura (chando);
• moto nevakwegura, unhu (inopisa);
• mishonga ruvara (rwegirini);
• pera makore (jena wachena tinge);
• sekristaro kuvimbika (kwakakwana);
• chiedza chisvusvuro (non-nutritive);
• kudhakwa (enderera).

Rokupikisa (kutanga apo mashoko vane pakatarisana zvinorehwa) kunewo chokuita pfungwa, rinonzi "unoreva zvakawanda neshoko." Words dzakapiwa pazasi dzingava mienzaniso iyi:

• wingless - soulful unhu;
• stale - Munhu wakanaka;
• rekuremekedza guru - inopenya unhu;
• shoma dzokuita - noupamhi sarudzo;
• nokuora mwoyo - imhute mwoyo.

Uchatamisa tsika muchimiro

Kutapurirana tsika, umo unoreva zvakawanda mashoko, mutauro marudzi maererano Kufanana Somuenzaniso, dziri:

• jongwe muzinga - kuzora mafuta pamakomo;
• teregirafu danda - mbiru muguruva;
• mwana makumbo - tafura makumbo;
• haystacks - musoro nemvere;
• jeko, nokuti kukohwa - a kirisendi mwedzi;
• rinopfuta moto - moto matsutso mashizha;
• murima usiku - rima mupfungwa;
• Ring Munwe - Garden mhete;
• korona youhosi - korona mhotsi dzangu pamusoro wake;
• starlight - Meso chiedza;
• Kure kure Away umambo - umambo nokusaziva.

Kutamisirwa tsika ruvara

Zvepasi dzakasiyana-siyana zviitiko, vanhu vanozviona kufanana zvinhu nokuda ruvara. Izvi zvakare zvinoisa kune kwaita takurika tsika.

dimikira

The unoreva zvakawanda kweshoko mutauro Russian Anopfumisa mukana kushandisa pachishandiswa unyanzvi okuti. Zvichienderana sei kuita kuchinjwa zvinokosheswa vakasiyana dimikira, metonymy uye synecdoche.

Dimikira - zvinoreva mutauro anotaurisa, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva kuchinjwa netsika kubudikidza zvakafanana. chimiro, ruvara, kana zvimwe mamirire zvinhu:

• ruvara - yendarama kwematsutso;
• kubudikidza nzvimbo - muswe of ndege;
• nokuda basa - motokari wipers;
• kuumba - twi;
• yezvakaita chiito - dutu misodzi.

Ngationgororei detembo rakanyorwa vavariro emifananidzo Perova "Kusabatwa Marriage".

Beads misodzi kubva pameso ako chinopunyairireiko

Kuvhenekera satin dama.

Zvino makenduru pamuchato

Vigai mufaro muchipfuva chako.

mufananidzo uyu akasuwa kuchatibatsira kudzidza fananidzo senzira okuti.

In mutsara nhetembo wokutanga dimikira - "Rosinka". Shoko iri rinoreva kuti "mvura mumate pauswa uye mashizha." Asi hapana uswa, hapana anosiya mufananidzo ipapo, uye anosiya - zvinotokugarisa vasingafari mwenga. Muchiitiko chino tichitaura nevanhu chakavigwa kuenzanisa - dimikira.

Mutongo wechipiri enzaniso - shoko "petals", iyo panguva kanivhasi ichi, zvakare, kwete. Pane musikana-mwenga, ane matama (pamatama), zvichienzaniswa ane kuputsika ruva.

Kunze okufananidzira ari mutongo uyu rune epithet "satin". Tsanangudzo iyi zvinosanganisira pfungwa yokufananidzira wokufananidzira, kureva, anodana zvisina. Shoko rine rinoreva "yakagadzirwa kumeso uye akapfava tishu." Uye chokuita "petals dama" rinoshandiswa nenzira yokufananidzira.

Epithets saka zvakafanana mashoko ayo basa madimikira vakasiyana navo kuti havana adjectives uye anopindura mubvunzo "chii? chii? chii? Chii? chii? Chii? "Uye zvichingodaro. D.

Madimikira - emazita kana verbs. Mutsetse wokupedzisira nzira iyi inoratidzwa neshoko "vavige", iro rine zvakananga nechinangwa - ". Muitiro vachiviga munhu akafa munhu" Zvisinei, kupenda ichi hunorondedzera nguva muchato. Saka, shoko rinoreva chinhu kuti asingatendi, saka, ane zvaanoreva yokufananidzira. Saka, munyori anoti bhayibhayi nokusingaperi netariro vake vafare, kureva kuti aroore musikana wake. Zvimwe waizodaro sedimikira kutaura mamiriro jaya, kuratidzwa kurudyi romwenga.

metonymy

Rokufananidzira rinoreva inogona kuumbwa kubudikidza adjacency zvinhu, zvinoreva kuti shoko anokwanisa kureva kwete chete chinhu "avo" kana Fani, asiwo zvimwe ukama. Dzinotevera mienzaniso chiitiko metonymies kana kuitwa Kutamiswa zvaanoreva:

• vanhu mairi ine pafungidziro: "The yose vateereri gasped."
• With ndiro panguva mukati: "Ini akadya ndiro yose."

• Sezvo mashoko nokuda chigadzirwa: "Sirivha wangu nerima."
• With manzwi ake nokutsigira: "The sezvinoreva vakaimba aria ake impeccably."

Nokudaro metonymy kunoita muitiro naro pakuumbwa polysemy (fanano unoreva zvakawanda).

synecdoche

Nzira kuchinjirwa ukoshi kubva pashoko mumwe zita chikamu pachinzvimbo yose kana negwara inonzi synecdoche. Somuenzaniso, shoko rokuti "muromo" rine zvakananga nechinangwa - ". Muviri inomirira mhango pakati okumusoro shaya ane anorarama" Rokufananidzira rinoreva mairi - nhamba vatengi vari mumhuri ( "The miromo nomwe zvokudya").

Synecdoche kumbowanikwa zvinotevera nyaya, kuchinjwa ukoshi:

• With nguvo, zvidimbu zvipfeko, kubva chinhu kusvikira munhu, "Hei, ngowani, uyai pano."
• With kuchisazitasingwi kuna muzvizhinji, "German Stalingrad akavhuniwa."
• With muzvizhinji achienda: "Isu vanhu vasiri navanozvikudza, I achagara pano pasuo."

Kuderedza uye anokudza tsika

The unoreva zvakawanda kweshoko wokuRussia rakavapo pamusoro emakore. Nokufamba pakukura pane zvitsva chaizvoizvo munyika. Optionally, ivo kuwana mazita avo pachavo. Somuenzaniso, zvinoitika kuti dzinonzi mashoko inotovapo mumutauro. Kwekutanga liners anonzi ngarava hombe chete akayangarara mugungwa. Kwaiva ndege, uye shoko rakazoreva dzavo (airliner). mumwe muitiro wakadaro kuwedzerwa mazuva okubhadhara ukoshi. Munewo pakatarisana chakajairika - kurasikirwa shoko vamwe tsika dzavo - kuderedza.

Somuenzaniso, kamwe shoko "partisan" akanga asiri oga rinoreva - "nhengo chikwata zvombo rwemberi muvengi," raiva rimwe rinoreva - ". Mutsigiri sangano" Sezvo yaenda zvachose pamusoro nguva, paiva aienda pamusoro semantics.