Bits emazita zvine musoro. Lexical uye zvivakamutauro chikamu emazita

Pazita - chinokosha chikamu rwokutaura, rinoreva nyaya uye anoratidza kukosha izvi inflectional Mapato zvakadai, sezvo nyaya uye nhamba, uyewo tichibatsirwa mhando, ari muchikwata zvachose.

Nyaya ino inokurukura pachiyero emazita kubudikidza ukoshi. Tichafara tsanangura mumwe nomumwe wavo uye kupa mienzaniso.

Noun anotaura zvinhu zviri Mupfungwa yakazara kweshoko: mazita zvinhu (sleds, chigero, bhokisi, rusvingo, tafura), vanhu (murume, mukadzi, mukomana, musikana, mwana), zvinhu (ruomba, shuga, furawa), zvipenyu uye nezvisikwa ( microbe, Pike, Woodpecker, katsi), mananara, zviitiko, chokwadi (kutamba, moto, pazororo, kukurukurirana, kutya, kusuwa), uyewo maitiro uye kukanganiswa unhu, ainzi sezvo yoga akazvimirira fuma - the ehupfumi, unhu, ezvinhu, chiito (apwanye mhinduro, kumhanya, zvitema, benzi, mutsa).

Basic lexical uye zvivakamutauro chikamu emazita

Inotevera inokosha sandara, izvo rakakamurwa emazita: 1) zvakajairika emazita uye zvakakodzera; 2) zvinhu; 3) kubatana; 4) chaihwoihwo uye kongiri; 5) zvisina upenyu uye zvipenyu. Izvi discharges emazita zvine musoro piringisha. mazita zvakakodzera, somuenzaniso, zvingasanganisira mazita zvose zvisina upenyu uye rarama zvinhu. Real emazita kuti kureva vakawanda ane pfuma angava seboka ukoshi (shuga, mazambiringa, cranberries). Dzinenge (zvose lexical uye zvivakamutauro pamwero) kubatanidzwa zvinhu zvipenyu nezvisiri zvipenyu, akadana mazita zvinhu anonzi. Pane mimwe mienzaniso. Zvisinei, shoko kunobatanidzwa mumwe kana mumwe Hazvizivikanwi zvinoreva emazita dzinowanikwa morphological, uye dzimwe nguva shoko-inotungamirwa unhu kuti kunovabatanidza.

Common emazita uye zvakakodzera emazita

Kupesana iri kuitika nokuda chinhu mazita somumiririri kirasi kana sezvo munhu. Ndorwangu zvose lexical uye zvivakamutauro chikamu emazita (nemamwe mazwi - "mazita zvakakodzera") - Mashoko kuti kuzodana munhu zvinhu kuti muri mukirasi homogeneous, asi havasi pachazvo chiratidzo kune chishongedzo ichi.

Common emazita - mazita, achidana nyaya yake unyorwe imwe kirasi. chikamu pazita zita iri lexical uye zvivakamutauro rinoreva azvaitwa sezvo keriya yaingowanikwa vanotongwa mukirasi iyi hunhu.

Ko Mobile uye kusagadzikana muganhu pakati zvakajairika emazita uye mazita akakodzera: zvakafanana emazita kazhinji (bumbiro mazita uye nicknames). Yavo aiwanzoshandisa kureva zvakafanana zvinhu zvavo, uye nokudaro ave mhuri zita: knight, Derzhimorda, philanderer.

mazita yakakodzera yakamanikana mupfungwa

Pakati mazita akakodzera discharges dzakadaro dzinounzwa emazita zvine musoro sezvo pachako nenzira yakamanikana mupfungwa, uye pano. Wekutanga ndiwo mazita muchadenga uye nenzvimbo uye mazita mhuka uye vanhu. Izvi - zvishoma nezvishoma kukasawedzerwa lexically shoma chikuva, zvinosanganisira mazita kuti basa chete nyaya. Pangava nokudzokorora, masanga (mazita nemisha, mumisha, nzizi), vari zvakare nekaupenyu yakakwirira Frequency hurongwa zvakakodzera mazita vanhu siyana uye mhuka.

zita

Nokuti zvinhu vachishandisa siyana zvakafanana emazita kana mubatanidzwa mashoko. Common emazita pamwe lexical chinangwa haina akarasika asi chete anochinja basa. Somuenzaniso: pepanhau "Izvestia", chirimwa "Hammer nembezo" midzimu "Lilac". Rinogona mazita uye mazita akakodzera anoti: steamer "Ukraine" hotera "Moscow".

seboka emazita

Collective emazita vanoumba vakaparadzana zvinoyerera (lexical uye zvivakamutauro) pakati zvakafanana emazita. Pakati aya ndiwo mashoko akataura chine zvinhu zvakawanda zvakafanana, uyewo kuratidza kukosha achibatsirwa suffixes dzakasiyana: -stv (a) (vechidiki, vadzidzi); -iya (kwamachinda, Pioneers); -kubva (a) (varombo), uye vamwe. To seboka pazita pamwe Mupfungwa yakakura kunogonawo kuva kunzi mazita kuti vanomiririra seti zvinhu: fenicha, marara, furaya diki, misoro. Collectiveness kutaura mashoko lexical, kwete shoko-inotungamirwa. The pakuva emazita izvi - kuti havana muzvizhinji.

chaiyo emazita

Vanodaidza siyana zvinhu: zvinhu (simende, gypsum), zvokudya (shuga, furawa, bota, mafuta) mhando micheka (donje, vherevheti), nesimbi, zvicherwa (nejedhi nedhaimani, simbi, tini, mhangura, simbi), zvinodhaka , zvinhu zvine maatomu akafanana (asipurini pyramidon, uranium exchange), zvirimwa (gorosi, mbatatisi, oats), uye vamwe divisible homogeneous guru.

emazita Real, kusiyana nekunhonga, vane, yemanyorero suffixes kuratidza kukosha chaiko. Chinotaurwa chete lexically.

Yaiwanzoshandiswa zvokunyama emazita, kana chete risiri kana muuzhinji: ruomba, anonhuwira, mbiriso; gaba, furawa, tii, uchi. Ichiyangarara pazita, unowanzoshandiswa risiri, akazvitorera chimiro muuzhinji, zvine kunze unoenderana lexical siyana: zviyo (nechipiriso kana zviyo yose miti), asi zviyo (nechipiriso mhando).

Abstract (abstrakti) uye kongiri emazita

matomu akadaro dzinounzwa pakati emazita zvine musoro sezvo chaihwoihwo uye kongiri. Concrete - shoko raireva chokwadi, vanhu, zvinhu, mananara chokwadi, izvo zvinogona pasi kubhengi uye akapa vachiravana: hondo, kurwisana, injiniya, mhete, penzura.
Izvi lexical uye zvivakamutauro muchikwata pazita, mune mamwe mazwi, rinomiririra chete zvinhu uye dzavo chouwandu.

Kunze mazita asina kuchisazitasingwi (pluralia tantum), zvose chaizvo emazita vane muzvizhinji uye yakazonaka. Maererano morphological unhu nekongiri emazita haina chete inoshora chaihwoihwo. Ivo vanoramba chaiye uye seboka pamwero emazita, pluralia tantum; uye tsika dzavo zvakare zvakasiyana.

Abstract (abstrakti) - kurevawo zvisiri pachena, unhu, zvivako, rinoti nezviito: sangano, kumhanya, agility, ushamwari, mutsa, akakunda, zvakanaka, kuseka, tenda. Vazhinji vavo vachikurudzirwa verbs uye adjectives, emazita vakaumba uchishandisa razero-suffix (yokutsiva, kubviswa, kurwara, kurwadziwa), suffix -skeleton (woumbwende, yakanaka s), -stvo (o) (vazhinji chinhu, chokuzvirumbidza ushasha) , -chin (a) / - Shin (a) (chidimbu-basa) ism (vanhu, realism) -kubva (a) (hoarseness, mutsa acid) uye vamwe. Duku chikamu chine akasiyana unmotivated mashoko: zvazviri, kusuruvara, kunyaradzwa, kurwadziwa, chido, kusuruvara, furawa, kutya, hunhu, pfungwa, nhau.

Kazhinji hapana muzvizhinji siyana mune chaihwoihwo emazita.

Zvipenyu nezvisiri zvipenyu emazita

Nouns vakakamurwa muzvikamu zviviri: zvinhu zvipenyu nezvisiri zvipenyu. Rarama - mazita mhuka uye vanhu: imwe kwezvinhu, imwe Pike, mumwe Starling, katsi, mudzidzi, mudzidzisi, mwanakomana womunhu.

Zvisina upenyu - mazita ose zvimwe zviitiko uye zvinhu: bhuku, tafura, rusvingo, hwindo, hunhu, kukoreji, inowanzorimwa, dondo, mutsa, udzamu, kutyaira, kufamba, chiitiko.

Mashoko aya akasiyana basa uye kukosha. Bits zvine musoro emazita vane chaizvo maitiro avo. Rarama kazhinji shoko-inotungamirwa uye morphologically kusiyana zvisina upenyu. Iri ndiro zita siyana vanhu, uyewo mukadzi mhuka, iyo kazhinji vanokurudzirwa neshoko, rinonzi mhuka kana munhu asina nezvomunhu vakadzi kana varume: mudzidzi-mudzidzi, mudzidzisi-Mudzidzisi, mudzidzi-chikoro musikana, muzukuru, muzukuru, mumwe Muscovite, Muscovite, shumba -lvitsa katsi katsi, et unto.

Kazhinji rarama emazita vane morphological zvinoreva zvechikadzi kana munhurume, uye vashoma - paavhareji, uye takatsunga semantically nhengo imwe rudzi pakati pazita (kunze pakati, unonzi zvisinei uriri zvipenyu zvipenyu: zita asiri mukuru munhu (mwana), kana kutaipa zita chisikwa, chiso, Tupukanana, mhuka, mhuka). Richiparadzirwa zvisina upenyu emazita matatu morphological pakuberekwa - paavhareji, navarandakadzi.

Paradigms ose zvisina upenyu uye rarama emazita

Paradigms ose zvisina upenyu uye rarama kuramba akasiyana muzvizhinji: zvipenyu vane kuumba mashoko accusative mhosva, rinobatana pamwe genitive. Muenzaniso: hapana mhuka, hapana hama nehanzvadzi (RP), ndakaona mhuka ndakaona hama nehanzvadzi (VP). Zvisina upenyu emazita muzvizhinji vari accusative rinobatana pamwe nominative. Muenzaniso: patafura vari maapuro, Pears uye mapichisi (Ip); Akatenga maapuro, Pears uye mapichisi (VP).

Takurukura munhu pazita sechikamu pakutaura, nhonga emazita. Tinovimba nyaya ino ichava richishanda kwauri. Kana ruzivo hazvikwani, tine chokwadi kuti vaone mabasa, izvo zvakanyorwa pamusoro penyaya Kochanov ON Discharges emazita zvine musoro munyaya dziri nezvedzinza.