Words pasina mugumo: mienzaniso. Mashoko api asina magumo?

Morphemics kudzidza rinokosha shoko, akadai mudzi, suffix, chivakashure, painoperera. In Russian, shoko havagoni kuva imwe yenhengo izvi, kunze mudzi. Ndiye mukuru mutakuri lexical zvaanoreva. Dzasara shoko kana kungotaura kuti ataure zvivakamutauro rinoreva. A kanoda Pamazita ichi nekuguma, izvo hakuna basa akazvimirira mashoko.

Independent Mashoko kuzviuraya

Chikamu kutaura mutauro wokuRussia vari rakakamurwa akazvimirira uye basa. Ekupedzisira zvinosanganisira mibatanidzwa, Zvireva mwene, inoramba uye anongodzokororwa zvisina kufanira. Havachina lexical zvaanoreva uye kushumira sekamwana kwokunwa kukosha akazvimirira mashoko kana kubatanidza navo mutsara, mumwe mutongo. Naizvozvo, vane kugara uye havana harinzwi.

Independent zvikamu kutaura dzine morphemes izvi, izvo angachinja, achiratidza kuva munhu muchikwata zvikuru girama. Kakawanda ndiwo mugumo.

Zvinenge zvose zvine chinangwa. chiratidzo nayo. Nyore nemamiriro mashoko: mudzi + nemagumo. Mudzi uri inenge nguva dzose dzose. Asi kune chete kunzwisisa mitauro pezvakaitwa dzakadai alternation mazwi. Mugumo anogara kuchinja.

Basa kuguma shoko

End - shoma rinokosha shoko, achitaura zvivakamutauro chinangwa uye anoshanda kubatanidza mashoko pamwechete. A zvahunoreva shoko kungachinja pamwe kuguma pamusoro nyaya, vanhu, munhui, nhamba uye zvimwe girama mhando. Izvi zvinoita nemitemo yomutauro anofambidzana mune mitsara uye mitsetse.

Nzvimbo mugumo weshoko - nemhedziso mugumo. Zvisinei, mumutauro wokuRussia ane rechiito suffix Xia, riri chete pakupera shoko. Naizvozvo, mugumo angava pamberi pake. Asi ichi ndicho zvagara mutemo.

Chokubvisa mugumo, zvinokosha kunyengetedza shoko chero anozivikanwa girama mhando. Somuenzaniso, kuchinja iri nhamba inoratidza sei kurira ichachinja: imbwa - imbwa, girini - green, izvozvo - ivo. Sezvaunogona kuona, mashoko aya ose okupedzisira tsamba (ruzha, morpheme) zvakachinja. Izvi zvichava mugumo.

Kuchinja notional Mashoko

In Russian pane zvahunoreva shoko pasina mugumo. Mienzaniso izvi vanozivikanwa kuti vazhinji: yakakwirira mberi, imbai. Ichi hune mukukurukurirana, asi havana handishanduki nokuda enhoroondo ezvinhu uye zvivakamutauro features, uye saka havadi harinzwi. Zvivakamutauro connectability nokuti mashoko aya ndiwo Zvireva mwene.

Mashoko munhurume, nhamba, nyaya nemashoko aya kunorondedzerwa hunotsigirwa navo. Somuenzaniso: matema-tekisi - wokupedzisira shoko neuter risiri. Izvi zvinooneka kubva chipauro, rinova iri kuti chimiro.

Zvinosuruvarisa, haasi munhu wose anoziva mashoko chii pasina mugumo mumutauro weRussia. It emazita akakweretwa nezvimwe mitauro: kangaroos, majasi, Mississippi. Kutukana infinitives uyewo havana harinzwi: nziyo, kutamba, tumbling. Adverbs ndiwo mashoko chinangwa kuchinja: yakakwirira, kupisa, kutsanya. Wokupedzisira kurira -o kudanwa kuti mugumo, kunyange zviri kwese kuti tumitauro suffix.

A rinokosha rechiito - gerund - anewo hakuperi, nokuti takabatikana zvimwe zvivakamutauro zviri adverbs: kuverenga, kutiza.

razero magumo

Uyewo mumutauro wokuRussia mune mashoko pasina mugumo, mienzaniso ayo chaizvoizvo kuzviuraya vari: bhiza, tafura, musuo, usiku. Rinooneka kana kuchinja kufa kana nhamba: bhiza - namabhiza - bhiza - namabhiza, tafura - matafura - tafura - matafura, usiku - usiku, pamukova - mukova.

Fani iyi inonzi philology null-wakagumiswa. In kwokutanga chimiro, hakuna panyama okuti. Panoperera mutauro Old kwechiSlavonic chinoratidzwa nokushandisa tsamba Z, vasingabvumi kuverenga, asi akataura kuti shoko iri rinogona kushandurwa: tuoli, pol. Nokufamba kwenguva, tsamba iyi yave akarasika, asi mashoko aya asisiri pakupedzisira chipo panyama.

Saka unofanira kungwarira kuziva notional morpheme mashoko.

Mashoko vatorwa mavambo

Language kudyidzana - yakamisirwa chikamu nedanho lexical vapfume. Zvichienderana panguva nokukwereta mashoko uye mabasa kushandiswa kwayo, unogona kukodzera zvikuru kupinda zvivakamutauro hurongwa kana kwete. It yagara chikwereti mashoko mazhinji chizvarwa vakurukuri aiziva kare semhuri: rechikepe, zveakaunzi uye parunhare.

Kunewo zvinoverengeka zviratidzo kuti havana kukwanisa kuva dzakazara chikamu mutauro: tekisi, pevhu, kangaroos, majasi, kofi.

Mumashoko aya, pakupedzisira pane imwe nzvanyira inzwi, izvo panoonekwa vazhinji shanduka rutivi. Kutaura chokwadi, mashoko aya haasi kuguma, mienzaniso yatiri kusangana ose zuva.

Naizvozvo, nemitemo yomutauro sizvo kutaura: hurukuro pamusoro kofem, musikana jasi, kuuya meter, mune nemuchovha maviri. Zvivakamutauro kururamiswa kuchinja kwakadaro mumutauro weRussia asi. Zvichida nguva vanova zvizere shanduka nemashoko, asi panguva kukura mutauro vanongova chimiro chimwe.

infinitives

Panyaya kana mashoko pasina harinzwi mumutauro wokuRussia, imwe neimwe nyanzvi achapindura sokukumbira. Zvechokwadi, mhuri zviratidzo sezvo pane zvizhinji kuti handishanduki, uye naizvozvo, hatifaniri zvinoverengeka girama mhando.

Izvi anonyanya infinitives. rechiito siyana wokuRussia mutauro hurongwa rakanyatsojeka zvakawanda uye zvakasiyana-siyana. Chokwadi kuti siyana izvi angawanika ave yoga mukukurukurirana, apo kuva huru chikabviswa - anoratidza chiito.

Infinitives - ndiko kutanga chimiro verbs. Chavainyanya basa - kutakura lexical zvinoreva: kuti chiito, sezvo vakadaro, pasina panotaurwa kuti ani, nguva uye nzira Implementation (verenga, nyora, Mhanya, imbai).

In chimiro ichi, vanogona kutaura zvirevo mu kutukana basa, uye pazita. Kana panguva pakuguma kuitika chokuti rinowanika, inova munhu rechiito kana PARTICIPLE.

Chimwe asingachinji rechiito - gerund - inoratidza muitiro kuita chiito uye aumbwa kwete kuguma, asi kwese kuti chikamu chino kutaura suffix.

dudzirachiito

Dudzirachiito kumbobvira aita ari kuchinja mukukurukurirana. Aya ndiwo mashoko pasina mugumo, mienzaniso izvo zvinoratidza kuti chisungo anogona kuva mashoko uye pasina kuchinja muchikwata girama.

Basa tumitauro mumutauro - anoratidza okuwedzera ezvinhu chiito. Kunyange vane lexical zvaanoreva, zvamazvirokwazvo une dzakazara rusununguko havatakuri.

Somuenzaniso, imwe "nokunonoka" kana "kutsanya" tifambirane zvinoratidza kuita chiito. Asi pasina rechiito hazvisi pachena zviri pangozi. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune dzimwe adverbs.

Naizvozvo, pfuma zvivakamutauro Mapato, sezvo iri rechiito kana pazita, hazvisi, uye haina kuzvireva. Chokwadi, chikuru zvinoreva uye anotaura lexical zvinoreva suffix hunhu adverbs.

Own-mutauro wokumwe okuremekedza

Pakati asingachinji shoko, uye saka pasina mugumo, ndezvaiye vakawanda vokune dzimwe zvakakodzera mazita: Rio de Janeiro, Mississippi, "Peugeot". Mashoko aya havaratidzi dzinounzwa chivakashure, mudzi, tichipedzisira suffix.

Chikonzero ichi - zvakakurumbira ezvinhu wokumwe mutauro. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinoita kuti uninitiated munhu rakanyatsojeka yakafanana mutauro wokuRussia, kunyange chokwadi ndechokuti tatarisana interlingual homonymy yazvakaitikira morpheme.

Kune Chokwadi, munhu wose siyana mashoko akafanana anopinda mutauro wedu uye kuva chikamu chacho zvivakamutauro ezvinhu: Sahara - Sahara, eAndes - muAndes, Rhine - Rhein. Asi zviratidzo zvakadai vanoguma chete Russian uye vasina ukama kuti mitauro mashoko iwayo.

morphological upfumi

Philology anoziva mashoko mazhinji pasina harinzwi mienzaniso dzinoshandiswa pakutaura kuti vakurukuri zvose zvezuva nezuva. Mukana ariko zviratidzo izvi anopiwa hwakawanda morpheme uye girama nezvaanoreva.

Kwete chete mugumo zvinogona kuchinja chimiro mashoko, asi suffixes. Uyezve, kazhinji kuchengetwa kana kuguma shoko rimwe inomira Pointer zvivakamutauro Mapato yechipiri. Kuti chinoita shoko kunoda kubatsirwa ndiko chimiro, iri chaiyo uye amene: a wachena jasi, mumwe wachena jasi, wachena jasi, vachena jasi.

Uye Chirungu dzakawanda mashoko pasina harinzwi uye zvivakamutauro Mapato varehwa achishandisa Zvireva mwene chinokonzera yakanyanya kuoma kudzidza vanhu-vatakuri mitauro necheSalvic, izvo dzinokudziridzwa zvikuru paradigm harinzwi richiratidza rwakati shoko.