Metaphysics naAristotle. Mind nokusingaperi kukunda!

Mutsindo anofunga weGirisi yekare, Aristotle (akaberekwa 348 BC) aifarira sayenzi ari empirical. Favorite mboni Plato, iye akadzidza zvakanaka uzivi wake, asi, zvakadaro, nokuti pasi kutsoropodzwa. Kuti Aristotle ndohwaJehovha rinozivikanwa Mutsara Plato, ushamwari uye chokwadi. Works of Aristotle akataura voruzhinji, akachengetedzwa Zvisinei, chete zvimedu, mabasa anoda kuti vadzidzi akapukunyuka kusvikira nhasi.

Shoko "metaphysics" akapinda kushandiswa chete pakunamata kuti Andronika Rodosskogo uyo vakaunganidza mabasa Aristotle. A muunganidzwa mabasa ake yaiva mabhuku 14: rinoshanda ruzivo, sayenzi zvakasikwa, bhuku kufara, basa nezvetsika, aesthetics, biology uye zvematongerwo enyika. Metaphysics rave zita chikamu vachiwedzerwa iri mushure dzepamusha wefizikisi (rakashandurwa kubva muchiGiriki - "Meta" rinoreva "mhiri").

The metaphysics pakati kare muzivi wechiGiriki vakatsanangura dzidziso nenhungamiro yokutanga, iyo nheyo uchenjeri. Aristotle kwakaita metaphysics rinotsanangura ina pamusoro zvikonzero ari (ndivo vokutanga zvinhu). Panzvimbo yacho Platonic tripartite nemamiriro (nyika zvinhu, nyika pfungwa uye basa), iye zvinganaka munhu hunyambiri Zvichisanganisa chete basa uye chimiro. Metaphysics Aristotle kwakaita muchidimbu sezvinotevera:

1. Nyaya, kana zvose ariko chinangwa - tisingatungamirirwi aiona. Nyaya haufi uye kusingaperi, pusa uye inert, ane mukana wekushandisa kwaita zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana. The chikuru nyaya kunoratidzwa muchimiro okunze shanu, ndivo chete zvinhu - mhepo, moto, mvura, nyika uye nenhumbi kudenga - Eteri.
2. Form. Kubva monotonous nyaya Reason Principal anosika zvakasiyana-siyana. Genesis chinhu ndiko kubatana chimiro uye nyaya, pamwe pezvakaita anomirira kutanga chinoshingaira uye zvakasikwa.
3. Chikuru unomutsa kwose, kumusoro uye mhaka zvakasikwa, chisingaoneki uye Mwari wekusingaperi. Zvinoratidza nguva iyo kutanga kuvapo zvinhu.
4. The chinangwa, kana "chinhu icho." Kuvapo nechimwe chinhu wakarurama kuti chero chinangwa; soro chinangwa chakanaka.

Sezvinoonekwa apa, mumwe mukuru Mapato uzivi Munhau yacho kubvira kare kusvikira nhasi rava pfungwa anosarudza Aristotle akaisa. Physics kudzidzwa chinangwa mananara, metaphysics uyewo rinoongorora chii chiri mberi mumuviri mananara , uye anoshumira mhaka kwavo. Dzidziso chamazuva kunogona kuonekwa ano sinonimayzinge mashoko: dzisiri - zvisingaoneki, unmanifested, vakanaka, vanoziva remangwana kana zvinofunga.

Metaphysics Aristotle ndizvo kubatana zvinhu uye yakanaka, chimiro uye nyaya. Hwaro mitemo pamusoro kudyidzana dzinongoitika zvakapesana - zuva-usiku, zvakanaka-zvakaipa, munhurume kana munhukadzi, kumusoro-pasi, izvo zvinoumba moto, mhepo, mvura uye nenyika, uye rinogona mudzoke kunyika imwe
Vongai simba kwokukurukurirana. Maererano nepfungwa dzake, kuti Qualitative unhu zvakasikwa zviri chikuru chokuita quantitative.

Danho rokutanga cognition Aristotle dzisiri dzinofunga kutsinga dzinouya maonero kuburikidza kunzwa. Zvisingarambiki, pasina riri ruzivo hazviiti, Aristotle anoona sayenzi makemikari, nokuti mudziyo (Organon) chidzidzo cheupenyu. Higher chete Danho - pfungwa ruzivo - ndiko kuwana zvakafanana nomumwe zviitiko uye zvinhu.

The chikuru mukana metaphysics pfungwa dzevanhu Aristotle anodana.