The rinobva ehupfumi mashoko

Kana akaisa rimwe remagineti pamusoro chinhu, "maitiro" ayo uye mhando zvezvipfuwo STRUCTURAL kuchinja kuvimba mashoko kubva iyo chinhu chinogadzirwa. All anozivikanwa zvinhu zvinogona mapoka mapoka mashanu huru: paramagnetic, ferromagnetic uye antiferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic uye diamagnetic. Maererano kupatsanura ichi, akasiyana rinobva ehupfumi mashoko. Kuti uzive zvakavanzwa shure mashoko aya, funga mumwe boka zvizere.

Zvinhu nedzokunze ehupfumi kuti paramagnetism, rinobva permeability inozivikanwa uine chiratidzo, zvisinei kukosha kwokunze remagineti umo chinhu kwaanoda. The zvakanakisisa anozivikanwa vamiririri veboka iri nitric oxide uye okisijeni gasi, alkaline-pasi uye alkaline mapoka uye ferrous munyu.

Mukuru rinobva susceptibility akanaka chiratidzo (1 rinosvika Mill.) Hwomuzvarirwo ferromagnets. Kuva novimba kusimba ari kwokunze munda netembiricha susceptibility dzinosiyana. Pazvese, sezvo nguva zvokutanga nezvimedu vari sublattices siyana marongerwo, mari nguva iri razero.

Kana rokuti, uye pane dzimwe zvivako vari pedyo ferromagnetic zvinhu. Vanobatana nemupristi kutsamira pamusoro susceptibility kupisa uye munda simba, asi pane misiyano. The rinobva nguva raizoiswa sublattices maatomu havasi kuenzana nepedyo, zvisinei, kusiyana rapfuura boka, yose nguva iri nonzero. Fuma kuri muna kwatangwa magnetization. Communication antiparallel sublattices. Zvakanakisisa anozivikanwa ferrites. Magnetic ehupfumi kuti yeimwe veboka iri yakakwirira, saka ivo inowanzoshandiswa unyanzvi.

Kufarira chinhu boka antiferromagnets. Pamusoro kutonhora, zvakadai zvinokuvadza pazasi imwe tembiricha muganhu maatomu uye ions zviri kurongwa nenzira sekristaro yekamuri mamiriro sezvingatarisirwa vachinje nguva rinobva, kuwana protivoparallelnoe nemunhu. A akasiyana zvachose muitiro kunoitika kuburikidza muchidziisa zvinhu - zvaakanyora rinobva ehupfumi mamirire kuti boka paramagnetic zvinhu. Mienzaniso inosanganisira carbonates, oxides, uye zvichingodaro.

Uye pakupedzisira, kuti diamagnetic. The rinobva ehupfumi kuti zvinhu zviri boka iri regai kuvimba munda zvikuru, uye kukosha rinobva susceptibility akaipa. Kana fuma ane covalent chisungo, ndiko "wakachena" diamagnetic. Representatives - ndarama, mhangura, inert magasi nezvakadaro.

The rinobva ehupfumi emashoko vari zvinowanzoshandiswa yazvino. Somuenzaniso, ari windings transformer windings muchikuvadza pamusoro nyoro rinobva zvinhu. High permeability uye magnetized kuti saturation, kunyange pasi zvikuru, zvinoreva rakamanikana hysteresis loop ari girafu, uyewo kurasikirwa zvidukuduku rinobva aizochinja kwakaurayisa mune zvemagetsi mapurani. Kana rinobva ehupfumi nyaya dzinoenderana nyoro rinobva zvinhu, nokuti zvinhu zvakaitwa nayo dzinoratidzwa chinokosha aibuda kuitwa zvakawanda chete saturation. In tsika, izvi zvinoreva kukwanisa kuderedza ukuru rinobva redunhu, nokudaro achidzikisa midziyo uremu. Zvisinei, zvakanakira uye zvakaipira nhema - rakatumbuka munda zvinowanisa Eddy dzenzvimbo zvinhu zvakadai kukonzera kudziyisa, saka munhu musarudze inotoda kuremedza muitisi.

Rumwe rudzi zvinhu - zvakaoma rinobva coercive simba iri kanenge 4000 amperes por mita. Izvi zvinoreva kuti rinobva minda yakakwirira zvikuru, pashure izvo zvinhu anoramba rinobva ehupfumi, achiva zvakafanira kuti magnetization Kudzorerwa magineti zvachose.