Large uye duku yeChina ropa akaparadzirwa: anorimwa

In mhuka uye kwevanhu kweropa hurongwa ndiyo yakaoma. Zviri namahwindo gadziriro zvinosanganisira maviri kutenderera. Kupa kwoushamwari-ropa rechiJudha chairo, zvinonyanya zvinoshingaira zvakanaka uye anobvumira munhu kugara kuti niche dzinogarisana pazviri ikozvino.

The kweropa Hurongwa - boka negomba tsandanyama nhengo anokonzera riparadzirwe ropa kuburikidza nhumbi muviri. It anomiririrwa mwoyo uye neropa nemidziyo zvakasiyana caliber. Ichi tsandanyama nhengo kuti anoumba denderedzwa kweropa. zano ravo riri wakatangwa muna mabhuku ose ari yakaitwa uye anorondedzerwa ino.

Pfungwa wokufambisa madenderedzwa

The kweropa Hurongwa ine madenderedzwa maviri - yakasimba (guru) uye zvemapapu (diki). Around kweropa negadziriro midziyo ropa anonzi, rirambe richibvira, nhengo dzinobudisa uye venous-mhando, izvo anotakura ropa kuyerera kubva mwoyo mumidziyo aro kufamba negwara risiri. The nechepakati ropa muviri akaparadzirwa ndiro mwoyo, nokuti hapana vaiitawo basa arterial uye venous kweropa, michinjikwa maviri.

systemic kutenderera

The systemic kuparadzirwa ndiyo kwegadziriro kupa peripheral munyama arterial ropa uye chidzoke mwoyo. Rinotanga kubva ventricle rworuboshwe apo ropa unopinda yeropa kuburikidza kutsemuka orifice pamwe tricuspid vharafu. Of kutsemuka ropa inoendeswa arteries maduku uye koporo anouya capillaries. Wakaisa ichi mitumbi achiumba zvichiguma kubatana.

Kuno zvinyama yaipiwa pamwe oxygen, uye masero matsvuku eropa vari akabatwa carbon dioxide. Uyewo zvinyama ropa transports amino acids, lipoproteins, shuga, metabolic zvigadzirwa vakatakudzwa kubva capillaries uye venules zvimwe muzvinhu mutsinga. Ivo achawira mugomba mutsinga kuti adzokere ropa zvakananga mwoyo mugwara atrium.

atrium Right anopedzisa kutenderera. The zano iri sezvinotevera (yakananga kweropa): rworuboshwe ventricle, yeropa, ari kwakavharwa nenyama arteries, kwakavharwa nenyama, tsandanyama arteries tsandanyama arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, mutsinga uye vena cava, ropa vodzokera mwoyo mugwara atrium. Kubva systemic kuparadzirwa zvokudya uropi, ganda rose, mapfupa. Kazhinji, nyama yose kwevanhu zvokudya neropa nhumbi systemic kuparadzirwa, uye ndiyo chete duku nzvimbo ropa oxygenation.

Pulmonary kutenderera

Pulmonary (diki) kuparadzirwa, ane zano iri pasi apa, inotanga kubva kurudyi ventricle. Zvinovhiringidza ropa kubva kurudyi atrium kubudikidza atrioventricular orifice. Kubva kurudyi ventricle anoxic (venous) ropa achishandisa nzira yokubudisa (pulmonary) turakiti anopinda pulmonary hunde. tsinga Iri wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose yeropa. Zvinonzi rakakamurwa matavi maviri, yakatumwa zvose mumapapu.

Light - ndiwo musimboti muviri kuti anoumba chiduku denderedzwa ropa kutenderera. murume zano anotsanangurwa mabhuku yakaitwa, rinotsanangura kuti ropa riyerere pulmonary anodiwa ropa oxygenation. Pano rinopa absorbs carbon dioxide inobvisa uye oxygen. The sinusoidal capillaries of mapapu pamwe atypical muviri microns vanenge 30 dhayamita uye gasi exchange.

Zvadaro, ropa, oxygenated, rwunotumirwa hurongwa intrapulmonary mutsinga uye dzakaunganidza muna mana pulmonary mutsinga. Vose vari kuda atrium kuruboshwe uye kutakura okisijeni-mupfumi ropa. Pakupera ichi, uye kufamba kweropa. Scheme pulmonary duku denderedzwa nezviso (yakananga ropa kuyerera): rworudyi ventricle, pulmonary tsinga, intrapulmonary tsinga, pulmonary arterioles, pulmonary sinusoid, venules, pulmonary tsinga, kuruboshwe atrium.

Zvakakurukurwa kweropa hurongwa

A chinokosha kweropa ino kuti ine discs mbiri, ndiwo kudiwa nomwoyo maviri kana kupfuura Camera. The hove kuparadzirwa ndoga, nekuti havana chiedza, uye yose gasi mukutsinhana rikaitika nhumbi gills. Somugumisiro, hove-mwoyo chete kamuri - mumwe pombi achisunda ropa rimwe divi chete.

Amphibians uye zvinokambaira vane kufema hurongwa uye, naizvozvo, kuti systemic riparadzirwe. Zano kushanda kwavo nyore: mumidziyo ventricular ropa kutungamirirwa denderedzwa guru arteries - iri capillaries uye mutsinga. Venous dzokera kuna mwoyo iri rakatangwa, asi zvakanaka atrial ropa anopinda nhamba nokuda maviri pamakumbo ventricle kutenderera. Nekuti moyo mhuka idzi,-mupanda matatu, ropa madenderedzwa maviri (venous uye arterial) ndiyo yakavhenganiswa.

Muvanhu (uye mhuka) ndiyo mwoyo 4-yokuvata mamiriro. Two atrial uye vaviri ventricular vakakamura It partitions. Kushaya nokusanganisa mhando mbiri ropa (arterial uye venous) aiva hofori shanduka kuvamba, izvo anopiwa kwoushamwari-ropa rechiJudha chairo mhuka.

Ropa wedzerai mwoyo nemapapu

In kweropa hurongwa randinogara madenderedzwa maviri, zvikuru kukosha isimba mwoyo uye zvemapapu. Ndiwo rinokosha zvomukati kuti zvinopa voga muropa uye kuvimbika kufema uye kweropa nehurongwa. Saka, muna mapapu ake maviri mukobvu kutenderera. Asi Mucheka zvokudya nokuda guru-siyana midziyo, kubva yeropa uye arteries bazi kubva hilar Árbol uye pulmonary midziyo akatakura ropa kusvikira zvemapapu parenchyma. Uye kubva madhipatimendi zvakanaka havagoni kudya mumuviri, kunyange zvazvo vamwe okisijeni diffuses kubva ikoko. Nokudaro, huru neduku yeChina kweropa redunhu inorondedzerwa kumusoro, dzakasiyana mabasa (imwe okudzidziswa ropa oxygen, uye anotuma kuna wechipiri miviri, achitora deoxygenated ropa kwavari).

Mwoyo uye vascular dzinofambiswa ne hombe denderedzwa, asi riri in ayo anokwanisa kupa ropa okisijeni endocardium. Muchikamu ichi myocardial mutsinga, zvinganaka duku, inoyerera zvakananga kupinda mumwoyo makamuri. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kupomba chinozunguzirwa iri coronary arteries richiparadzirwa munyika cardiac diastole. Nekuti Nhengo akapa neropa chete apo "zorora".

Zvinofadza

Madenderedzwa yevanhu kuparadzirwa redunhu anomirirwa mu dzazvinogara muzvikamu kumusoro, zvinopa uye mhuka, uye yakakwirira kutsungirira. Regai munhu haasi mhuka, iyo kazhinji anoshandisa simba rake kuti vapukunyuke, asi vamwe mhuka anobvumirwa rwugare zvimwe nzvimbo. Kare, vakanga isina amphibians uye zvinokambaira, uye kunyange zvakawanda hove.

Panguva phylogeny hombe denderedzwa nayo akazviratidza kwokutanga uye akanga yo hove. A duku denderedzwa vaisanganisa pamwe nemhuka chete avo chose kana zvachose akaita landfall yayo kugadziriswa. Kubvira pakutanga kwayo, kuti kufema maitiro uye kufamba kweropa vanoonekwa pamwechete. Vari zvakabatanidzwa vakuru uye kusimba.

Izvi zvinokosha uye kare haufi shanduka kusunungurwa mashandiro pamusoro hwemvura nzvimbo munyika uye ugari. Nokuti kuramba kunzwisisa kwakaita mammalian muviri ikozvino havana kuenda nenzira kuomesa kwakaita kufema uye kweropa ezvinhu, uye nhungamiro inoponesa oxygen- chokufambisa kushanda ropa uye kuwedzera zvemapapu nharaunda.