Vitus Behring (Vitus Jonassen Bering). Photo, Biography

Kuberekwa remangwana aidzidzisa haina kuchiratidzwa nezviitiko zvinokosha chero. Hapana vanozotii kuti mwana kwete kuva wechikepe, uye piyona guru, uye kunyange basa rimwe State. Zvakaoma kutaura chii zvikonzero chakakurudzira mukomana kupinda Naval basa iri Russian Empire haana kudaro simba raiva simba redu panguva. Zvichida Behring akakwanisa vazvionere zvimwe chivimbiso. Kuti kusvika pamwero vakabatsira Zvakawanikwa naye, vakanga zvinobatsira, nenzvimbo, uye nhoroondo kukosha. Behring kwete chete yakawanikwa munyika itsva uye zvitsuwa zviri dzekuchamhembe, asiwo kusvika pemhenderekedzo kadhi, yakanga zvikuru.

makore okutanga oupenyu

Vitus Bering akaberekwa August 12, na1681 mu Jutland (Denmark ano) muna Horsens. Hapana taundi chaiyo haana kusiyana: mamwe machechi uye dzimba dzemamongi - ndizvozvo zvose zvinotyisa. Akatanga kuva chete pashure 1442, apo iye akapiwa bumbiro mabhizimisi, uye yakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma kunyika muzinda wezvokutengeserana.

Guta raiva pamahombekombe uye aiva pachiteshi. The gamba nyaya yedu kubva pamakore okutanga chaizvo muupenyu, kumuyemura nemafungu uye airota pokufamba. Kunyange zvazvo baba vake rakanga, maererano nedzimwe kare, tsika mukuru, uye haana kusiya misha yavo. Hazvina kujeka kuti chikonzero chii, asi panguva chaiyo pakutanga kwake basa mukwasvi mwana akatora unonzi ramai vake.

Gungwa akaninira mukomana, saka hazvishamisi kuti, kuva asvika kuyaruka, iye ndanyoresa panguva Amsterdam Marine kadheti Corps, uye muna 1703, ava nemakore 22, zvapedza izvozvo. Asi asati kuti, Vitus Bering akaita zvishoma rwendo kuna East Indies Dutch chikepe. Zviripachena, ipapo ramangwana mufambi Behring uye akaita chisarudzo chakasimba kubatanidza kutapwa kwavo pagungwa.

Mubasa Peter I

Sei yakarova Russian Navy Vitus Bering? Biography ake haibatanidzi mari iyi mashoko akarurama. We chete kuziva kuti panguva iri mirairo Emperor Peter Mukuru Russian Russian Navy Admiral Korneliy Ivanovich Kryuys vakaita chine ruzivo kuvafambisi vengarava basa. Sievers uye Senyavin akapa mukomana, vachiti kuti atova kuMabvazuva Indies, saka, vamwe havana ruzivo asi nhaka. Kubva kumwewo tinoziva kuti Vitus aida kushumira hama yake Sievers, zvakanga zviri Navy, uye zvechokwadi mune Russian Empire. Chero kwakanga, asi hope dzake zvazoitika, uye Behring akatuma St. Petersburg. Ikoko akanga basa kutarisira chikepe kuti zvifambiswe huni kuvaka nhare Kronstadt. Kwete kukuru, asi zvakadaro gungwa!

Nokukurumidza Vitus Bering kwaitsigirwa kuti refutenendi uye vakatanga kuita basa zvikuru uye akaoma. Akatora mugove Azov mushandirapamwe, chamber kufamba ngarava muGulf of Finland yeSweden, muchirongwa kufora kubva Arkhangelsk kuna Kronstadt, akashanda ari mungarava "Parera" pamwe tatamuka wayo kubva Hamburg kuna St. Petersburg. Uye pakarepo, kwete kumuka kumukuru wokutanga chinzvimbo, Behring vachisiya basa rechiuto.

Track zvinyorwa Vitus Bering

Kana zvatinoita kurongwa zvinzvimbo zvose uye mazita vakagamuchira aiongorora Behring panguva yake basa rechiuto, tinowana zvinotevera tafura:

Kuti mazita aya uye inokudza kwemakore 20 mubasa achakudzwa Vitus Bering. Brief Biography, zvisinei, haana buritsa zvose zvemashoko aidzidzisa. For dzekare uye geographers kunakidza unozotevera chikamu hwake.

Development uye kubatana zviri Kamchatka kune Russian Empire

Inongogara kuwedzera kudzvinyirirwa serfdom vasingagoni asi kukanganisa nhoroondo weRussia. Vanababa vanhuwo zvavo vakatsvaka nyika chaizoshandiswa semusimboti utiziro hwavo pakutambudzwa. Saka zvishoma nezvishoma vanhu zvasvika uye kuSiberia, uye ipapo Kamchatka. Asi nharaunda yakanga kare vakawanda, saka yenzendo dzakarongwa kuti pakuunganidza uye kukura nenyika, mupfumi zviwanikwa, makushe, uye zvichingodaro .. Muna 1598, kuSiberia Khanate akanga mutsindo, uye nharaunda yakava chikamu Russian Empire.

Kudiwa kutsvakurudza Kamchatka

Development pamusoro Kamchatka nemamwe Siberian ndima yaiva nyaya National kukosha. Chekutanga zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti muzadze muchivigiro. Asi mapiyona dzaiwanzova ruzivo vanhu vari anonyanya kutsvaga zvicherwa, akazaruka ndima itsva, uye kunonyorwa vomunzvimbo yacho. The State vaida mepu munyika itsva uye gungwa nzira.

Muna 1724, Peter Mukuru chirevo pamusoro sangano mushandirapamwe Kamchatka inotungamirwa Vitus Bering akanunura. The mufambi akarayirwa kuti kuna Kamchatka, kuvaka zvikepe zviviri uye vakaenda kuchamhembe, kuwana nzvimbo America hwakabatana pamwe kuSiberia, uye uzive nzira kumaguta European.

First Kamchatka rwendo kubva Vitus Bering

Kwaitsigirwa kusvika pachinzvimbo chevatatu mukuru uye mutungamiriri wokutanga chinzvimbo, remangwana mufambi akatora changamire murayiro. Pashure 2 weeks - 25 January 1725 - nhengo rwendo kufamba St. Petersburg kuna Kamchatka wokutanga. The boka kwaisanganisira wengarava vakuru vaviri (Alexei Chirikov uye Martyn Shpanberg), vaiongorora, Vavaki vengarava, navigators, vakwasvi, vafambisi vengarava, nevabiki. The uwandu yasvika vanhu 100.

Mugwagwa yakanga yakaoma uye zvakaoma. Ndaifanira kuwana nzira dzakasiyana-siyana: ngoro, sledges pamwe nembwa, rwizi midziyo. Vasvika 1727 muna Okhotsk, vakatanga kuvaka ngarava kuita dzinokosha mabasa ose rwendo. On ngarava idzi Vitus Bering asvika yokumadokero Kamchatka. In Nizhnekamchatsk yakavakwa warship "St. Gabriel", apo aidzidzisa pamwe chikwata vakaenda. Ngarava vakayambuka Strait pakati Alaska uye Chukotka, asi nokuda okunze vafambisi vechikepe havana kukwanisa kuona kumahombekombe yeAmerica.

Chikamu chinangwa rwendo rwaiitwa. Zvisinei, akadzokera muna 1730 kuSt Petersburg, aidzidzisa inopa mushumo basa rayo uye anoita rinotevera rwendo chirongwa. Vazhinji munyika pamusoro machinda renyanzvi havana kunzwisisa, kufanana pachake, Vitus Bering raakanga wakazarura. Asi chinonyanya kukosha, zvave - Asia uye United States hazvina kubatana. A mufambi kwaitsigirwa kuna Captain-Mutungamiriri.

Chechipiri rwendo kuna Kamchatka

Pavakadzokera aidzidzisa kwaari, zvinyorwa uye mepu dziri kune imwe kusavimba. Taifanira kudzivirira rukudzo rwake uye kuti kupembedza chivimbo wakaiswa maari chepamusoro. Uye chinangwa asati zvichigere kuitwa zvose. Haugoni kumira wakavhurika. Saka, rwendo rwechipiri, akaraira wake Vitus Bering. Biography akanyorwa panguva imwe mufambi, anoti, nguva pfupi asati wokutanga rwendo nemahombekombe Kamchatka, mumwe Shestakov akazarura uye yakamanika, uye kunyange Kuril Islands. Hongu, asi zvakawanikwa izvi zvose hazvina rakanyorwawo. Dane akanga rombo - akadzidziswa, anokwanisa mamiriro uye kuongorora migumisiro akapora kadhi.

The rwendo pakati Vitus Bering yechipiri yakanga zvinotevera zvinangwa: ubanguranyika kweGungwa Japan uye Kamchatka kusvikira pamuromo Amur, majini yose kuchamhembe kwemhenderekedzo kweSiberia, kuti kubudirira pakati American pamhenderekedzo, uye kutengeserana zvizvarwa zvemo, kana ani vachawanikwa, ikoko.

Pasinei nokuti paakaenda choushe akagara Anna Ivanovna, Russia kwakaramba yechokwadi mirairo naPetro. Saka, basa racho kuziva vakuru nesimba pamusoro Admiralty. Chirevo pamusoro chirongwa yakabudiswa muna 1732. Vakati vasvika Okhotsk, muna 1740 Behring chivakwa maviri packet chikepe - ". St. Paul" "Musande Petro" uye Ivo vanotsvakurudza vakasvika kumabvazuva kwemhenderekedzo Kamchatka.

rwendo zvabuda

Sea rwendo nguva ino yakanga yakawanda kubudirira. Asi panguva imwe chete inosuruvarisa - panguva yechando muna 1741 Vitus Bering akafa. Chii akaona, raigona kuongororwa chete vakazochinja. Nekuti ipapo iratidzwe rakarurama migumisiro basa rake rakanga rakaoma - mugwagwa kuSiberia iri vachiri novimba vachida zvakasikwa. Asi kunyange ipapo, vafambi akatotanga kushandisa makadhi kuti raiva Vitus Bering. Huro upiyona guru kubvumirwa kuita budiriro uye vanoparadza nyika itsva.

Saka, zvinotevera zvakaitwa:

• Achinsk apo pakapinda Petropavlovsk rakaumbwa.
• Kuburikidza ano Sea Bering asvika kumhenderekedzo Alaska.
• Kudzoka, uye akazarura Aleutian Islands Shumagin.
• Vakanyora mamiriro ayo ari Aleutian Range.
• Yakawanikwa uye vakanyora mamiriro ayo Evdokeevskie Islands uye Chirikov (Misty).
• Open Bering Island, apo akafa muna 1741 aidzidzisa.
• Vakanyora mamiriro ayo nyika kuchamhembe uye kumabvazuva kweRussia, zvipfuwo munharaunda kweSiberia.
• Zakartografirovany Kuril Islands.
• Ndawana nzira kuJapan.

Kana Paunoongorora nhoroondo nenzvimbo matongo, zvinokwanisika kuti rione kuti rwendo kwaingova chikamu hombe mushandirapamwe. It yakapera kuvakwa makore mashomanana kusango Bering afa, uye kunyange ipapo chete nokuda tarenda rake musangano. Pashure pezvose, iye akaparadzanisa vatori vechikamu kuvaisa muzvikwata of Northern rwendo, akapa mumwe chaicho basa. Pasinei munhu mari, chirongwa rapera chaizvo zvinobudirira.

Vitus Bering akafanana?

akawana chitarisiko zvimwe biographers kupokana. Zvakaratidza dzose dzinodikamwa mufananidzo, izvo anofananidzwa Vitus Bering (mufananidzo ipapo haana), regai dzinoenderana Chokwadi. Ava Portraits kuti sekuru vake. Kusawirirana vakanga kugadziriswa nokuongorora dehenya uye apiwa pokugadzwa kunze kuburikidza simulation. Somugumisiro, chiso chaiye mufambi agamuchirwa. Zvechokwadi, Vitus Bering (mapikicha dzinoturwa munyaya) yakanga yakasiyana chaizvo chitarisiko. Asi izvi hazvirevi zvitadzise kukosha ake zvakawanwa.

The hunhu aidzidzisa guru

Maererano iripo ruzivo, kuti aidzidzisa aiva mashoma zvinyoronyoro hunhu, iyo isina wakanyatsokodzera kuti musoro rwendo. Asi Bering kaviri vakatemerwa chinzvimbo ichi. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa mumwe oddity. Siberia mutsvakurudzi haana kufanana kuunza nyaya kumugumo mugumisiro - aigona kugara nguva apo chinangwa kwaswedera. Ichi chinhu Bering vakapemberera uye shamwari, uye nhengo hikes. Kunyange zvakadaro, izvozvo inokurudzirwa rive mutungamiri uye murongi, uye Peter Mukuru, uye Anne Ioannovne. Izvi zvingaitwa sei? Zvinofanira kuva chokwadi kuti, pasinei nezvose zvikanganiso dzayo, Vitus Bering aiva ruzivo aidzidzisa. Aiziva sei kutevera mirairo, aifanira chaizvo uye Executive, uye, pakupedzisira asi kwete kupfuura, nomunhu akazvipira wenyika, ane basa raiva. Hongu, zvichida nemhaka uhwu iye akasarudzwa kuita zvinokosha nenzvimbo tsvakurudzo izvi.

Paguva Kamchatka mutsvakurudzi

Pashure Vitus Bering aurayiwa pachitsuwa, uyewo yakawanikwa akavigwa uye yakaiswa, maererano netsika nguva, pamuchinjikwa wemuti. Zviri pachena kuti muti waiva raderera uye anopararira pamwe nguva. Zvisinei, muna 1864 pamusoro panzvimbo, maererano zvinyorwa Bering shamwari, guva rake rakanga, mutsva pamuchinjikwa wemuti rakadzikwa. Yaiva pahwaro Russian-American Company, yakavambwa paitonga Paul.

kutsvaka rwendo kunzvimbo kweSiberia mutsvakurudzi kuvigwa yakarongwa 1991. Pachitsuwa zvakanzi vawana neguva Bering kwete chete, asiwo mamwe vezvikepe shanu. The Zvisaririra vakanga akapora uye akatuma kuMoscow kudzidza. Mapfupa uye dehenya rukaporeswa chitarisiko mufambi. masayendisiti vaivawo kuwana kubva kuti haana kufa kubva chakakuvara sezvo aida kare, asi kubva chirwere (ndiko, chaizvo, haina kuzivikanwa). Pashure pokupedza kudzidza mapfupa vakanga vakadzokera chitsuwa uye reburied.

Zvinhu kuti vanonzi mushure aidzidzisa huru

Pakuyeuka mufambi uye mupiro wake nenzvimbo zvidzidzo, zita rake rakapiwa zvinhu zvakadaro:

• Migwagwa muMoscow, St. Petersburg, Astrakhan, Nizhny Novgorod, Murmansk, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Tomsk uye Yakutsk.
• Island Kwazvo, Cape, Glacier, Sea.
• Aizi uye Diesel-yemagetsi.
• State University mu Kamchatka.
• Zvirimwa zvikure kuFar East.

Mukuwedzera, mufambi akabvisa firimu "The Ballad pamusoro Bering neshamwari dzake."

Zvichireva aidzidzisa Zvavakawana

Hazvibviri kuona kukosha yegungwa Reisen pakati Vitus Bering. Zviri nekuvongwa iye kwaiva kutanga zvakanaka wakavhomorwa mepu kweSiberia. Gare gare, rakabatsira kukura Asian chikamu Russian Empire. Kuburikidza neboka ramakororo vakatanga kushingaira kusimudzira nharaunda. Akatanga kusvina zvicherwa, zvakatanga kukura yemigodhi uye foundry indasitiri.

The Russian Empire aiva mari ruchiyerera kupinda coffers uye ndima itsva, vakawedzera yose kukosha kwayo nezvainoita. Uye Chikurukuru - nyika mukana kuchinjanisa vaya nyika kuti zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti kare Inoziva nzira. Pashure pezvose, kundima idzi dzaiva pasi wenharaunda yaitongwa dzimwe States kubhadharisa kuyambutswa kwavo rebei mutero. Kunyange zvakadaro, pasinei nezvose dhigirii yaro, kuziva Vitus Bering akanga paakanga afa chete pashure simbiso Zvavakawana vamwe vafambi. Somuenzaniso, imwe inonyatsozivikanwa zvino ari Bering Strait vakagamuchira zita rayo kubva ruoko nyore Jakobho Cook.