Kweropa nhengo: yacho features, mabasa. Zvirwere kweropa hurongwa

Inside womunhu dziri pakati zvomudumbu zvomukati, kufamba kweropa, kunzwa uye zvichingodaro. Vose zvinobatanidzwa kuunza kunowanzoitika nokushanda kwenhengo dzomuviri. Zvisinei, zvinonzi vaidavira kuti hurongwa anoita mabasa kiyi kweropa hurongwa. Ngationgororei izvozvo zvizere.

tsananguro

Circulation chinhu chinoramba kufamba kweropa kuburikidza namahwindo hurongwa. It kunovimbisa nerubatsiro okisijeni kuti munyama uye masero. Zvisinei, izvi handizvo zvose mashandiro anoita kweropa hurongwa. Nokuda basa ravo mumasero uye nyama zvokudya zvinovaka muviri, mavhitaminzi, munyu, mvura, mahormone. Ivo dzinoitawo kubviswa kuguma zvibereko muviri, vanoramba kugara muviri tembiricha.

Biology, Grade 8: kweropa nhengo

The kuziva yokutanga dzomunyika nemamiriro muviri kunoitika kuchikoro. Vadzidzi regai chete kudzidza kuti pane kweropa nhengo. Grade 8 kunosanganisira kudzidza unhu hwavo, aiita vamwe zvinhu dzemuviri. Nokuti kunzwisisa nyaya vana nani akauya nyore mazano. Ivo vakaratidza zvakajeka kweropa zvomukati munhu anogona. Scheme mukati muviri womuenzaniso midziyo.

Kuti zvinoreva kweropa hurongwa?

Chokutanga ndicho mwoyo. Zvinonzi sechinhu chikuru muviri wegadziriro. Zvisinei, basa rake ingadai maturo pasina midziyo ropa kuti varipo vose nyama dzomuviri. Zviri kwaari kuti uchatamisa zvinovaka muviri ropa uye zvimwe zvinokosha zvinhu. Nemidziyo akasiyana kukura uye dhayamita. Pane kukuru - ari mutsinga uye arteries, uye varipo diki - capillaries.

mwoyo

It inomiririrwa negomba tsandanyama nenyere. Mwoyo une makamuri mana: atria maviri (kuruboshwe uye kurudyi) uye zvakafanana uwandu ventricles. dzezvimwe zvose izvi vanoparadzaniswa mumwe nokuda partitions. Kodzero atrium uye ventricle vari kutaura mumwe kuburikidza tricuspid uye akasiya - kuburikidza bhatafurayi vharuvhu. mwoyo mukuru anoyera avhareji magiramu anenge 250 (vakadzi) uye 330 d (vanhu). Muviri kureba - vanenge 10-15 cm uye ayo transverse kukura - 8-11 cm kubva mberi kurera rusvingo kureba anenge 6-8.5 masendimita The paavhareji Vhoriyamu mwoyo varume -. 700-900 masendimita ^3, vakadzi - 500-600 masendimita ³ .

Specificity mwoyo

Rokunze muviri rusvingo tsandanyama aumba. Chimiro Its zvakafanana maumbirwo striated tsandanyama. Zvisinei, Cardiac tsandanyama, anokwanisa kubata rhythmically zvisinei nechitarisiko aaiitawo. Izvi imhaka kuti pulses kuitika mumuviri.

kutenderera

Basa mwoyo ndiwo jekiseni arterial ropa inoyerera kuburikidza mutsinga ake. Muviri ipfupi munenge 70-75 nguva / min. pa zororo. Zviri pamusoro nguva 0,8 seconds. Kuramba mudzimu muviri rinoumbwa zvinogara. Mumwe nomumwe wavo inosanganisira marwadzo (systole) uye kutandara (diastole). Kune zvikamu zvitatu moyo;

1. Atrial systole. It anoenda 0.1 seconds.
2. Marwadzo ose ventricles. Zvinotora 0.3 seconds.
3. Total kuzvivaraidza - diastole. It anoenda 0,4 seconds.

Munguva yose kutenderera, saka basa atrial kunotora 0.1 masekonzi, uye avo kuzvivaraidza -. 0,7 seconds. Ventricles pamusoro 0.3 mumasekonzi, uye vakasara - 0.5 chik. Izvi zvinokonzera tsandanyama kukwanisa kushanda muupenyu.

midziyo

High chokupika moyo chokuita nokusimbaradza ropa rayo zvitengeswa. Akafanirwa kuti ropa midziyo kuvakoka kwazviri. Inenge 10% ropa inoyerera kupinda yeropa kubva ventricle kuruboshwe, chinopinda munzvimbo arteries kuti zvokudya mwoyo. Vanenge vose kutakura okisijeni kuti munyama uye zvimwe zvinhu muviri. Venous ropa anotakura chete pulmonary tsinga. Mudziyo rusvingo ine matatu akaturikidzana:

1. Connective yokunze nevamwe.
2. Central, iyo chakaumbwa kwakanaka tsandanyama uye kwakavharwa nenyama fibers.
3. Inner akaumba connective zvinyama uye endothelium.

Human arterial dhayamita iri kuwanda 0.4-2.5 cm. Paavhareji, yose ropa vhoriyamu mazviri 950 Rine mamiririta. The arteries Bazi kure madiki - arterioles. Ivowo, kupfuura munzvimbo capillaries. mitumbi idzi kuva zviduku riparadzirwe. The dhayamita of capillaries haisi kupfuura 0,005 mm. Ivo pinda munyama zvose uye nhengo. The capillaries anopa mukomboni pamusoro arterioles pamwe venules. Masvingo duku tsinga ine masero endothelial. Kuburikidza navo vakatsinhanisa magasi uye zvimwe zvinhu. Mutsinga takura ropa muchifumiswa pazvinhu carbon dioxide inobvisa ine metabolic zvigadzirwa, hormone, uye nezvimwe zvinhu kubva nhengo kusvika mwoyo. Masvingo midziyo iyi akasiyana nemano uye kunzwisisa. Svikiro uye zviduku mutsinga vane mavharuvhu. Ivo kudzivisa ropa kuyerera shure.

madenderedzwa

Ropa uye kweropa zvomukati vakarondedzerwa muna 1628 zvemwoyo redunhu mhuka uye murume apo akadzidza Chirungu chiremba W. Harvey. Akawana kuti ropa kuparadzirwa miviri anoumba madenderedzwa maviri - zviduku. Vakasiyana mumwe nomumwe zvinangwa zvavo. Uyezve, pane denderedzwa rechitatu anonzi mwoyo. Inoshanda zvakananga mwoyo. Rinotanga denderedzwa coronary arteries pakukoka kubva yeropa. Anopedzisa rechitatu denderedzwa cardiac mutsinga. Ivo wekuita ari coronary sinus, izvo mainozonodira rworudyi atrium. Other mutsinga dziri chikamu mhango kwayo zvakananga.

diki denderedzwa

Nayo, dyidzana kufema uye kweropa hurongwa. Small Circle anonziwo pulmonary. Inopa ropa muchifumiswa pamwe okisijeni mumapapu. Rinotanga denderedzwa kubva kurudyi ventricle. Venous ropa runoita kuti pulmonary hunde. Rakakamurwa pamatavi maviri. Mumwe nomumwe wavo anotakura ropa, ukuwo, kurudyi nekuruboshwe zvemapapu. Mukati arteries izvi diverge pamusoro capillaries. The vascular network izvo entwine pulmonary vesicles, ropa anopa, carbon dioxide uye anogamuchira okisijeni. Zvinova nezvitsvuku uye anoenda kuburikidza capillaries kupinda mutsinga. Uyezve, vari vakabatana mana pulmonary midziyo uye ichayerera muimba akasiya atrium. Pano, chokwadi, duku denderedzwa kunoguma. Vakagamuchira atrium ropa runoyerera kuburikidza atrioventricular buri ventricle kuruboshwe. Nokudaro denderedzwa kukuru kunotanga. Saka pulmonary arteries kutakura venous uye tsinga - arterial ropa.

denderedzwa huru

Kunosanganisira ose nhengo ropa kuparadzirwa, kuwedzera kune pulmonary nemidziyo. The guru denderedzwa inonziwo koporo. It anounganidza ropa kubva mutsinga ose okumusoro muviri uye anoparadzira arterial. Rinotanga denderedzwa kubva ventricle kuruboshwe. ropa rake runoyerera kupinda yeropa. It anonzi chikuru mudziyo. The arterial ropa rine zvose zvakafanira zvinhu upenyu nhengo, uyewo okisijeni. Yeropa runoparadzanisa munzvimbo arteries. Vanoenda zvose munyama muviri, ndokupinda arterioles uye zvadaro capillaries. The yokupedzisira, akavapindurawo, chokuita kuti venules uye ipapo mutsinga. Kuburikidza rirambe richibvira rusvingo kunoitika Exchange magasi uye zvinhu. Arterial ropa otora okisijeni uye anopa zvibereko muviri, uye carbon dioxide. Venous mvura ine yakatsvuka rakadzika. Nemidziyo kunofambidzana kuti vena cava - hunde dzacho huru. Ivo kuwira kurudyi atrium. Pane zvakasiyana-siyana apedzerana.

Movement rwengarava

Nokuti chero mvura iri nokuda kufurirwa musiyano. The makuru ndiwo, dzakanga inoenzanirana. Saizvozvowo, zvinokambaira ropa kuburikidza nhumbi zviduku munharaunda. The nevamwe iyi akasikwa sunga mwoyo. Yeropa uye vakasiya ventricle iri kupfuura akarurama atrium nemhango mutsinga. Nokuda kwaizvozvo, nemvura chinokambaira denderedzwa midziyo. The pulmonary tsinga uye zvakanaka ventricular kumanikidzwa zvakakwirira, uye atrium kuruboshwe uye pulmonary mutsinga - pasi. Nokuda musiyano inofamba kunoitika duku denderedzwa. The guru kumanikidzwa huru arteries uye yeropa. chakarurama Izvi kugadzikana. Nokufamba ropa kuyerera kubva nevezera simba zvaparadzwa kukweshera richikwidibira ropa vascular rusvingo. Nezvenyaya iyi, rwunotanga kutapudzwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Kunyanya zvakajeka, izvi rikaitika capillaries uye arteries diki. Izvi imhaka yokuti midziyo ava mukuru nemishonga. The venous kumanikidzwa mberi kutapudzwa uye zvinova nemhango midziyo sezvo ratinoona kana kunyange yakaderera.

parwendo havukavu

Zvakakurukurwa kweropa ezvinhu zviri zvavo womukati marongerwo uye kukura. Somuenzaniso, kana tiri kutaura midziyo, ipapo upamhi gwara kuchaenderana velocity pamusoro mvura mvura. The Kudeuka sezvo zvakataurwa pamusoro apa, anonzi yeropa. Ndiyo chete mudziyo pamwe widest njanji. Kubudikidza chobudira rose ropa anobuda ventricle kuruboshwe. Uye ichi chinokonzera kunonyanyisa kumhanya ngarava - 500 mm / chik. The arteries Bazi kure madiki vavo. Nokudaro, velocity mairi ipfupi kuti 0.5 mm / chik. ari capillaries. By nguva ino kupa zvinovaka muviri ropa uye okisijeni yeimwe uye unganidza zvibereko muviri. kuyerera ari capillaries kunokonzerwa nokuchinja mune lumen pamusoro arteries duku. At yavo kuwedzera kuitika kuwedzera, aienda - simba. The duku kweropa nhengo - ari capillaries - anomiririrwa vazhinji. Muvanhu, mune mabhiriyoni anenge 40. Panguva iyoyo yavo zvachose Clearance kukuru kutsemuka 800 nguva. Asi velocity of Urume pamusoro pavo yakaderera chaizvo. Vienna, pedyo mwoyo kukura uye coalesce. Pfupiso of lumen iri shoma, asi mwero ropa kuyerera ichienzaniswa capillaries kunowedzera. Kurudzirai ari mutsinga yakafanira kufurirwa musiyano. Blood kuyerera inoendeswa mwoyo, izvo zvinoita kuti kuderera kwemitambo skeletal tsandanyama uye chipfuva basa. Saka, panguva achifuridzirwa kumanikidza musiyano pakutanga uye kuguma pakati venous hurongwa inowedzerawo. Tiine rutapudzo pamusoro skeletal tsandanyama marwadzo kunoitika mutsinga. It kunosimudzirawo ropa riyerere pamwoyo.

pathological mamiriro

Zvirwere kweropa wemuTesitamende nhamba zvino kugara imwe yokutanga nzvimbo. Kazhinji pathological ezvinhu dzinotungamirira kupedza vakaremara. Zvikonzero izvo kune umwe kana vamwe kutyorwa zvakanga zvawanda. Maronda munogona dzakawanda dzakasiyana-siyana mwoyo uye ropa midziyo. kweropa zvirwere mamiriro chirwere mune vanhu vakasiyana zera uye pabonde. Zvisinei, maererano nenhamba, mamwe mamiriro pathological zvingaitika kakawanda vakadzi, vamwe - varume.

zviratidzo vakakurirwa

Zvirwere kweropa ezvinhu achiteverwa zvichemo siyana varwere. Kazhinji zviratidzo ndezvemamiriro pathological ezvinhu zvose uye asingauyi chokuita chero chaicho kutyora. Enough zvakafanana vaiona zviitiko apo nzendo panowanikwa kutyorwa munhu mangwanani asingadi kuratidza chero kunyunyuta. Vamwe kweropa nezvirwere mamiriro chirwere netsaona. Zvisinei, ruzivo pamusoro rakajairika zviratidzo achibvumira yakakodzera kuziva zvokurwara uye kuchigadzira mukutanga nezvishoma. Chirwere angaperekedzwa:

• Kupfupika mweya.
• Marwadzo mumwoyo.
• Kuzvimba.
• Cyanosis uye zvichingodaro.

kurova kwehana

Zvinozivikanwa kuti vanhu hwakanaka havanzwi kuti sunga mwoyo yenyu zororo. Usafunga palpitations uye munyoro fiznagruzki. Zvisinei, kuwedzera ayo kunyange vanhu utano Uchanzwa kwemwoyo. kurova Its zvinogona yakakura Achimhanya, nokusagadzikana, pane mukuru tembiricha. Zvakasiyana vanhu vane matambudziko nomwoyo kana ropa midziyo. Palpitations , vanogona kunzwa uye panguva chiedza mutoro, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko kunyange zororo. The chikonzero chikuru ichi anoonekwa kuti kutyora contractile kushanda muviri. Kurova kwemwoyo muchiitiko ichi chinhu compensatory mashandiro. Chokwadi chokuti vati kutyorwa mumwe marwadzo muviri runodzingira kupinda volume yeropa maduku ropa pane zvinodiwa. Naizvozvo, mwoyo anoenda kuva ndichibvunza nzira. Ichi chinhu chaizvo rwakashata chaizvoizvo pairi, nokuti kutandara danho iri yekudyidzana kupfupiswa. Saka, mwoyo Kuzorora zvishoma pane kuva. Munguva pfupi kutandara nokukanganisika pezvakaitwa zvakakodzera kuti apore, havana nguva kuenda kuburikidza. Rapid kwemwoyo unonzi tachycardia.

marwadzo

chiratidzo ichi zvaanoripirwa zvirwere zvakawanda. Saka mune zvimwe zviitiko kwokurwadziwa mwoyo ungava chikuru chiratidzo (semuenzaniso, ischemia), uye vamwe - haina kusarudza chinhu. In CHD marwadzo anokonzerwa kukwana ropa wedzerai mwoyo tsandanyama. Zvokurwara kuratidzwa zvakakwana pachena. Pain ane contractive hunhu, pfupi nguva (maminitsi 3-5), paroxysmal, kunoitika yemanyorero panguva fiznagruzki yakaderera tembiricha. A zvakafanana ezvinhu anogona kuitika mukurota. Kazhinji munhu anonzwa kurwadziwa kwakadaro, kutora agere chinzvimbo, uye akafanana. kurwiswa kwakadaro anonzi zororo angina. With nezvimwe zvirwere, marwadzo havana kuratidzwa yakajeka. Kazhinji vari vachirwadziwa uye kuenda nguva dzakasiyana. Havana yakakwirira zvikuru. Kana ichi cupping zvainoita negashiro vamwe mishonga hakuitiki. marwadzo akadaro pematanho yakasiyana zvokurwara. Pakati pavo vane mwoyo chirwere, pericarditis, myocarditis, BP uye zvichingodaro. Marwadzo ari pamwoyo nzvimbo hazvigoni chokuita zvirwere kweropa hurongwa. Somuenzaniso, izvo nechirwere nemabayo kuruboshwe madziro, osteochondrosis pamusoro remuromo uye thoracal, intercostal neuralgia, myositis, uye zvichingodaro.

Zvinovhiringidza mumwoyo basa

Mune wehurumende uyu anonzwa unevenness muviri basa. Kunoratidza pacharo muchimiro wasvava, simba pfupi amurove, kumisa, etc. Mudzimwe vanhu, disruptions ava mashoma, vamwe -. More refu uye dzimwe nguva zvechigarire. Kazhinji, nezvekufadza izvi achiperekedzwa tachycardia. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvikanganiso uye nokuyera uchitombova mutinhimira. Zvikonzero ndivo anorova (kunoshamisa rutapudzo), atrial fibrillation (kurasikirwa mutinhimira mwoyo ushande). Mukuwedzera, kutyora anogona kuvapo anoitisa maitiro uye muviri netsandanyama.

Kugeza mwoyo

Normal mudanga basa muviri zvinogoneka chete ane tsime kunyatsobudirira kweropa hurongwa utano. Kuerera zvazvingava anosarudza ukuru zvinyama zvakafanira wedzerai kuchinyanya yeimwe uye kubviswa izvi metabolic zvigadzirwa. Panguva mumuviri basa kwokudiwa okisijeni kunowedzera panguva imwe nguva kuwedzera kwemwoyo. Kuti tidzivise disruptions uye nenyonganiso kudzidziswa muviri tsandanyama. Kuti izvi zvidaro, nyanzvi dzinokurudzira mangwanani kuita zviitwa. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune vaya vanhu vane basa haina chokuita fiznagruzki. Greater zvainoita muviri unotanga, kana vanoita panze. Kazhinji, vanachiremba vanoti kufamba zvakawanda. Panguva iyoyo zvinofanira kuyeukwa kuti kunyanyisa psycho-mupfungwa nomumuviri kunogona kukanganisa dzose basa mwoyo. Panyaya iyi tinofanira kuva zvinogoneka kudzivisa kunetseka uye kufunganya. Uchibata basa remaoko, zvinokosha kusarudza mutoro nezvaanogona kuenderana muviri. An zvikuru kunambwa basa muviri, chikakananda, doro, mishonga. Ivo kuchetura nechepakati tsinga uye mwoyo, zvichiita kwakakomba pakaputsika mutemo vascular matauriro. Somugumisiro, vanogona kuva kwazvo zvirwere kweropa ezvinhu, zvimwe zvinouraya. Vanhu vanoshandisa doro uye kuputa, aya anonyanya vascular kurwadza kwacho. Panyaya iyi zvinokosha kurega tsika dzakaipa uye kubatsira munzira dzose pamoyo wake.