Hwevanhu mwoyo makamuri: tsananguro, mamiriro, mabasa uye mhando

Mwoyo - ndiwo nhengo mumuviri womunhu inokosha. Kwave nemasayendisiti kubva kuminda zvose zivo. Vanhu vari kuedza kuwana nzira kurebesa hutano pomwoyo, kuvandudza mashandiro ayo. Knowledge yakaitwa, physiology uye zvokurwara mwoyo, kunyange paavhareji murume vachanzwisisa nani kwemasayendisiti zvinoitika mumuviri wedu. makamuri mwoyo yavanhu vazhinji sei? Where kutanga uye kugumisa systemic kutenderera? Sezvo akapa neropa mwoyo? mibvunzo yose iyi vachawanikwa mhinduro munyaya ino.

mwoyo anatomi

Mwoyo bhegi-rukoko matatu. Kunze, vakafukidza pericardium (Protective Bag) nokuti ndiwo myocardium (tsandanyama nokuveza) uye endocardium (dzakaonda mucous bwendefa rakavhara mukati mwoyo makamuri).

In muviri muviri iri pakati pechipfuva. Ari zvishoma vakatsauka kubva hunyambiri akabatana, saka vazhinji riri kuruboshwe. Mwoyo ine makamera - in ina interconnected pachishandiswa mavharuvhu. Izvi zviviri atrium (kurudyi uye kuruboshwe) uye maviri ventricles vari pasi pavo. Pakati pachavo, havana kuparadzaniswa ne mavharuvhu, izvo kudzivisa neizvi chokubuda ropa.

Madziro ventricles mukobvu kupfuura masvingo atria, uye vhoriyamu mikuru, sezvo kushanda yavo kusandudzirwa ropa mukati vasculature, apo atrial tinyerere kubvuma mvura.

Zvakakurukurwa nemamiriro komoyo azvarwa uye achangoberekwa

Vangani makamuri mumwoyo yevanhu, izvo haisati kuzvarwa? Vanodawo ina, asi atria kukurukura mumwe kuburikidza denderedzwa hwomukova iri septum. Panguva padariro embryogenesis, zvakakodzera kubvisa ropa kubva kurudyi mwoyo kuruboshwe, sezvo pulmonary riparadzirwe havasi - chiedza kwete anombotwasanudza. Asi ropa iri kusimukira kufema hurongwa achiri anoenda, uye anoenda zvakananga kubva yeropa kuburikidza arterial Canal.

Chamber fetus mwoyo wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose uye yekudyidzana isingasviki kuti zera uye ipfupi muzana matatu chete zvachose myocardial guru. basa rayo hunonyatsobatana risiti kuti shuga iri raamai sezvo mwoyo tsandanyama mwana anorishandisa somunhu inotonhorera substrate.

Blood zvitengeswa uye kutenderera

The ropa nerubatsiro myocardium kunoitika pamwe nenguva systole, kana BP muwisira midziyo makuru. midziyo ropa mwoyo makamuri dziri yakadzika iri myocardium. Large coronary tsinga apukunyuke zvakananga kubva yeropa, uye kana ventricles, ropa mumwoyo kuti rive. Kana mashandiro iri chero matanho ari kwakakanganiswa uye myocardial infarction.

kwevanhu mwoyo makamuri kuita kupomba ishande. Kubva pfungwa nemaonero wefizikisi, ivo chete pumped mvura mune namahwindo denderedzwa. The kumanikidzwa kuti wakasikwa kuruboshwe ventricular mhango, ropa anouya panguva kuderera wayo nokukurumidza kuitira kuti rinopinda kunyange zviduku capillaries.

Vaviri kosha kutenderera:

- guru, akaronga kupa munyama muviri;

- diki, uchishanda bedzi muna pulmonary gasi Exchange uye zvitsigiso.

Afferent uye efferent midziyo ine mumwe mwoyo yomukati. Apo ropa inoyerera hombe denderedzwa ropa kutenderera? Kubva kuruboshwe atrium Urume anopinda rworuboshwe ventricle uye anozadza, nokudaro vachiwedzera kwokudzvinyirira iri mhango. Kana zvasvika 120 mmAq, semilunar vharafu unoravura ventricle kubva yeropa iri kuwedzerwa, uye ropa anopinda systemic riparadzirwe. Mushure ose capillaries azara, pane chirongwa cellular afemeruke uye kudya kunovaka. Zvadaro, kuburikidza venous hurongwa, ropa runoyerera kudzokera mwoyo, kana kuti, munzvimbo rworudyi atrium. Pazviri zvakakodzera yepamusoro uye kuderedza vena cava, kuunganidza ropa kubva rose muviri. Kana Urume rinoungana munhu zvakakwana mari, inoyerera kupinda zvakanaka ventricle.

Kubva hunotanga ari pulmonary riparadzirwe. Zvine carbon dioxide inobvisa uye metabolic zvigadzirwa, ropa anopinda pulmonary hunde. Uye kubva ipapo kusvika arteries uye capillaries pakati mumapapu. Pashure gematoalveolyarny chipingamupinyi gasi mukutsinhana kunoitika pamwe kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza. Nechekare okisijeni-vapfumi unodzokera kuruboshwe atrium ropa, kuti kunyika systemic riparadzirwe. Yose kutenderera anotora mumasekonzi asingasviki matatu.

basa kutenderera

Kuti muviri nguva dzose anogamuchira anodiwa zvinovaka muviri uye okisijeni Makamuri mwoyo kushanda zvikuru zvichipindirana. Pane mumwe hunhu kuita.

1. systole - a marwadzo of ventricles. Rakakamurwa akawanda mwedzi:

• Voltage: myofibers kuroora ipfupi, kwokudzvinyirira iri mhango kunowedzera, vharuvhu pakati atrium uye ventricle yakavharwa. Nokuda mawa rutapudzo vose tsandanyama fibers, ari configuration ari mhango kuchinja, kumanikidza achisimuka 120 mmAq.
• Kudzingwa: rakavhurika semilunar mavharuvhu - ropa anopinda yeropa uye pulmonary hunde. The kumanikidzwa ari ventricles uye atria zvishoma nezvishoma nokuputsa kure, uye neropa zvachose anosiya dzakaderera Makamuri mwoyo.

2. Diastole - kutandara infarction, uye iyi pusa negashiro ropa. yokumusoro mumwoyo makamuri kukurukura kuunza midziyo uye kuunganidza imwe mari ropa. Zvadaro atrioventricular mavharuvhu akazarurwa, uye mvura inoyerera mukati ventricles.

Chirwere kuti zvirwere marongerwo uye kushanda kwomwoyo

1. Electrocardiography. kunyoresa uku zvigadzirwa mananara pematanho tsandanyama marwadzo. Makamuri mwoyo panofanira cardiomyocytes kuti pamberi neimwe marwadzo vaunze chiito nekugona. Kuti, uye maerekitironi vari wakaiswa, seari pasi pachipfuva. Kuburikidza nzira iyi, kuri anogona kuziva chakakomba atadze kushanda zvakanaka mwoyo, ayo Organic kana dzichipfekeka kukuvadzwa (infarction, mutevedzeri nokuwedzera mhango, kuvapo okuwedzera reductions).
2. Auscultation. Kuteerera kwemwoyo yaiva nzira kupfuura kare kuzivisa chirwere chake. vanachiremba ruzivo achibatsirwa chete imwe yenzira vanogona kuzviona dzakawanda STRUCTURAL uye dzichipfekeka abnormalities.
3. Ultrassom ongororo. Kunoitawo kuti tione nemamiriro mwoyo pamakamuri, kuparadzira ropa, kuvapo urema mune tsandanyama uye nezvimwe zvakawanda kuti abatsire kuita chirwere. Nzira inobva pakuti ultrasonic mafungu kunooneka kubva nezvishoma (pfupa, tsandanyama, nhengo parenchyma) uye akasununguka kuburikidza nemvura.

mwoyo chirwere

Kufanana mimwe nhengo, mwoyo zera kuunganidza Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga kuti chirwise kugadzira zvirwere. Kunyange ane utano hwakanaka uye kuramba zvichiongororwa utano, hapana angati kubva nezvinetso kumwoyo. Pathological pezvakaitwa anogona chokuita dysfunction ari nhengo kana mamiriro, kuti vabate chete, vaviri kana vatatu kwayo deko.

Govera zvinotevera nosological siyana pathologies:

- arrhythmias uye cardiac zvemagetsi conduction (arrythmia, blockade fibrillation);

- anogumbura zvirwere: endo-, myo-, peri-, pancarditis;

- vawana kana vachiberekwa malformations;

- neBP uye ischemic zvinokuvadza;

- vascular maronda;

- Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga ari myocardial pamadziro.

Yokupedzisira mhando zvokurwara zvakafanira nekukatanura yakawanda sezvo ane zvakananga ukama kuna makamuri mwoyo.

Dilatation mwoyo okurutivi

Nokufamba kwenguva, mukuru myocardium iyo inowanikwa rusvingo mwoyo yokumusoro, zvinogona pasi Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga, zvakadai kunyanyisa ndichisveerera kana thickening. Izvi imhaka kukundikana compensatory zvigadziriswe kubvumira muviri basa panguva overloads makuru (neBP, kuwedzera ropa vhoriyamu kana yevasungwa).

Zvinokonzera dilated cardiomyopathy dzinosanganisira:

1. Zvirwere pamusoro etiologies siyana (notumwe, nemavhairasi, mabhakitiriya, tupukanana).
2. Muchetura (doro, mishonga, inorema simbi).
3. Systemic connective zvinyama chirwere (rheumatic fivha, chinonzi systemic lupus erythematosus).
4. Bundu of adrenal mumasero.
5. Nhaka chirwere chinonzi muscular dystrophy.
6. Kuvapo metabolic kana kwemakemikari anobudiswa zvirwere.
7. Genetic zvirwere (idiopathic).

Pakuwedzera ventricles

Chikuru chikonzero pakuwedzera ventricle kuruboshwe ndiro ropa rayo dzakayerera. Kana semilunar vharafu wakaremara, kana achikwira yeropa iri kujekesa, mwoyo tsandanyama anofanira nguva yakawanda nesimba rokudzinga mvura iri mugero mugadziriro. Part kweropa vakasara ventricle, uye nguva, zvinonzi rwakatambanudzwa. Chikonzero chechipiri anogona kuva chirwere kana zvokurwara kuti tsandanyama fibers, nokuti iyo wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose mwoyo rusvingo anova flabby uye haisi unokwanisa rutapudzo.

ventricle Right kungawedzera kukura nokuda matambudziko vharuvhu iri pulmonary tsinga kufurirwa uye kuwedzera pulmonary riparadzirwe. Kana zvemapapu midziyo vari zvakare yakatetepa, mugove ropa kubva pulmonary hunde kunyika ventricle. Panguva iyi, Urume anopinda mugove mutsva atrium uye kamuri masvingo akatambanudzwa. Uyezve, vamwe vanhu vane pakupona ari pulmonary tsinga. Izvi zvinotisvitsa kuramba zvibereko nevamwe zvakanaka ventricle uye kuwedzera inzwi rayo.

pakuwedzera atria

Chikonzero pakuwedzera atrium kuruboshwe ari zvokurwara pamusoro mavharuvhu: ari atrioventricular kana semilunar. Kuti vasundire ropa kupinda ventricle kuburikidza chiduku buri, unofanira hombe simba uye nguva, saka rimwe ropa anoramba ari atrium. Zvishoma nezvishoma uwandu residual emura rwuchiwanzwa, uye chigamba chitsva ropa atambanudza mwoyo mukamuri rusvingo. Chikonzero chechipiri pakuwedzera kuruboshwe atrium rusvingo yoga atrial fibrillation. Panyaya iyi, kuti pathogenesis haisi aizvinzwisisa.

The rworudyi atrium anowedzera pamberi pulmonary neBP. Kana midziyo pulmonary vari kujekesa, zvinonzi zvingangoita kuzvishandura vachikanda ropa munzvimbo zvakanaka ventricle. Uye sezvo ari chozadzwa ane mugove mutsva fluid kwokudzvinyirira pamusoro pekamuri pamadziro anowedzera. Atrioventricular vharafu hazvirevi kusimuka uye vakadzokera mukati kunze. Sezvo ropa runoyerera kunyika atrium. Panzvimbo yechipiri vane vachiberekwa mwoyo kuremara. Panyaya iyi yakaputsika anatomical muviri yakarongeka, saka zvingareva kubatana pakati maviri atria uye ropa vaiitawo. Izvi zvinotungamirira hyperinflation nemishonga masvingo zvavo kuwedzera.

Kuwedzera yeropa

Kutsemuka aneurysm kungakonzerwa rokuwedzera kuruboshwe ventricle mhango. Richiwanika panzvimbo ngarava rusvingo chinonyanya thinned. Yakakwirira kumanikidzwa uye kuomarara vachigara zvinyama nokuda atherosclerosis, vakawedzera mutoro pamusoro migove untenable pamusoro vascular rusvingo. Sacciform protrusion aumbwa, iyo pave nokumwe mhirizhonga ropa kuyerera. Aneurysm ngozi nokuda kamwe atsamwira uye munyika kubuda ropa, uyewo mungabva ropa.

dilation kurapwa

Setsika, kurapa rakakamurwa zvokurapa uye zvomusejari. Sezvo mahwendefa kuderedza mwoyo rwakatambanudzwa kamera zvikasashanda, mishonga chinotungamirwa panguva causative chinhu: kuzvimba, BP, rheumatism, atherosclerosis kana zvemapapu chirwere. Varwere vanofanira kuramba mararamiro utano uye zvinoenderana chiremba kurumbidzwaka. Mukuwedzera, mishonga murwere dzakaonda ropa kuti zviite ndima yacho kuburikidza kuchinja mwoyo makamuri.

To zvomusejari nzira dzinosanganisira muchibereko pamusoro stimulator, izvo achabatsirawo kuti chinobudirira rutapudzo ari kunetseka kwemoyo rusvingo.

dziviriro

Kuitira kudzivirira kukura myocardial zvokurwara zvakakodzera kuita zvinokosha mitemo:

- kurega tsika dzakaipa (fodya, doro);

- kuchengeta hurumende basa uye zororo;

- kudya zvakanaka;

Kudzokera mubvunzo wedu: vangani makamuri mumwoyo yavanhu? Sezvo ropa runoita kuburikidza nomuviri? Chii zvinogara mwoyo? Uye sei anozviita zvose basa? Tinovimba kuti pashure nokuverenga zvakaoma anatomi uye physiology muviri rava zvishoma zvakajeka.