Kutenderera zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri. Kukura zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri

Solar System - dukuduku chivakwa mu rapanzvimbo zvakasikwa. Uyezve, saizi yayo nokuti munhu zvechokwadi pavaisangana: mumwe nomumwe wedu kurarama nezuva rechishanu kupfuura nyika hakugoni kunyange kuongorora rapanzvimbo Earth. The mwero Ukuru imba yedu, pamwe dzaingova kana uchitarisa kubva hwindo chitundumusere-musere. A yakafanana kunzwa chinovapo panguva vachivhura Telescope Snapshots "Hubble": The nechadenga hombe uye zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri anopindura chete chiduku mugove waro. Zvisinei, zvakanga wake tinogona kudzidza uye kuongorora, vachishandisa mashoko nokuda kududzirwa yakadzika nzvimbo zvakavapo.

pasi rose Coordinates

Location of Solar System, masayendisiti pakutsvaga nemamiriro ezvinhu uchapupu, sezvo isu hatigoni kuchengeta nemamiriro chikamu renyeredzi. muchadenga chedu chidimbu iri rimwe zononoka maoko hweGwara Way. Orion ruoko, saka zita nekuti chobudira pedyo eponymous renyeredzi ichaongororwa imwe huru bazi Galactic dzisimbe. Zuva iri pedyo kumucheto dhisiki, pane kuti pakati: Distance kune vapedzisira anenge zviuru 26 makore chiedza.

Masayendisiti zvinoratidza kuti nzvimbo chimedu zvakasikwa yedu ine rimwe paanopfuura mumwe. On yose renyeredzi riri Solar System, hweGwara Way ane nyeredzi kuti nemhaka yezvakaita kufamba kwavo uye kudyidzana nedzimwe zvinhu kuti vanonyudzwa ari zononoka maoko, hunobuda kwavari. Zvisinei, panova nharaunda inonzi corotation siyana apo kumhanya ari zononoka maoko uye nyeredzi pfungwa. Akaisa pano muviri yepasi pose haina pachena kune chisimba pezvakaitwa yakananga kuti dzisimbe. By corotation denderedzwa zvinoreva zuva uye nemapuraneti. mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro anonzi kuva mumwe zvinhu akonzera kuti chidzoke upenyu Panyika.

Kutenderera zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri

The nechepakati chomunhu upi yemapuraneti munharaunda - inyeredzi. Zita zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri chinopa dzoga mhinduro kune mubvunzo chiedza inofamba yakapoteredza Pasi nevavakidzani vayo. Sun - chizvarwa chechitatu nyeredzi pakati kwayo upenyu kutenderera. Uvhenekere anopfuura makore mabhiriyoni 4,5. Inenge chete nhamba vari kutendeuka pasi.

Zano racho nyika dzose dzinotenderera zuva nhasi ine mapuraneti sere: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus uye Neptune (zvakaitika kuna Pluto, pazasi). Vari conditionally mapoka mapoka maviri: mapuraneti pano uye gasi hofori.

"Hama"

The mhando Mapuraneti rokutanga, sezvo zita rinoreva, rinosanganisira Earth. Mukuwedzera kwachiri nayo ndezvaJehovha Mercury, Venus uye Mars. vose vane iine zvakafanana zvatariswa. mapuraneti pano ine kazhinji kubva silicates uye simbi. Vari dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira arambe achirema. Vose vane akafanana yakarongeka: imwe makirisito simbi akaputirwa ane admixture kuti nickel silicate jasi, kuti topsheet - nemakwati kuitika remubatanidzwa wenyika nesilicon uye sawirirana okunze. A yakafanana mamiriro wakaputsika ne Mercury chete. Duku uye dzepedyo nyika kuti Sun haana goko: ndiko kuparadzwa bombardment.

The zvikuru nyika pakati boka - ndiye Earth, achiteverwa Venus Saka, Mars. Pane humwe hurongwa zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri; mapuraneti pano vanoumba ayo mukati uye takaparadzaniswa gasi nehofori yacho asteroid bhandi.

mapuraneti zvikuru

Kuwanda gasi zvaRafa zvinosanganisira Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus uye Neptune. Ndivo zvose yakakura zvikuru kupfuura pano zvinhu. Hofori vane yakaderera arambe achirema uye, mukusiyana kuna yapfuura boka mapuraneti ine rehydrogen, nehelium, amoniya, uye methane. mapuraneti Giant kunge sezvo pose yakadaro, runoonekwa kuderedza notional muganhu rukoko zvomumhepo. zvinhu zvose zvina nokukurumidza tenderera kumativi ayo akabatana, vane zvindori uye satellites. The unoyevedza saizi nyika - Jupiter. Ari anoteverwa Nhamba huru satellites. Panguva iyoyowo kupfuura zvinoshamisa marin'i - Saturn.

Features gasi hofori interconnected. Kana vari pamusoro kukura Earth, zvingava akasiyana sezvamunoita. Mwero rehydrogen anogona kuramba chete nyika kuva guru zvakakwana guru.

mapuraneti zvipfupi

Ndiyo nguva kuongorora zvinhu zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri - Grade 6. Apo vakuru yanhasi vaiva pazera iri, yepasi pose mufananidzo akatarisa kwavari zvishoma zvakasiyana. Kutenderera zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri panguva yaisanganisira nemapuraneti mapfumbamwe. Kwokupedzisira mazita ari Pluto. Zvakanga kusvikira 2006, apo musangano IAU (International Astronomical Union) vakatanga tsanangudzo nyika, uye Pluto akarega kuita pairi. Mumwe pfungwa iri: "The puraneti ndihwo wayo muchadenga." The inofamba nzira Pluto pavhurike nedzimwe zvinhu kwazvo zvachose vaimbova repfumbamwe nyika uremu. shoko rokuti "pfupi nyika" wakatangwa nokuda Pluto uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda.

Kubvira 2006, zvose mitumbi iri zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri vakanga saka mapoka mapoka matatu:

• mapuraneti - zvinhu yakakura zvakakwana, akakwanisa kuchenesa muchadenga kwayo;

• mitumbi duku zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri (asteroids) - zvinhu zvine zvakadai chiduku kukura kuti havagoni kusvika hydrostatic zvakanyatsoenzana, kureva, kutora woita kana anofungidzirwa kwairi kuumba;

• pfupi nyika, achitora chinhu zvenguva nzvimbo pakati maviri marudzi yapfuura; ivo hwapedza hydrostatic zvakanyatsoenzana, asi kwete vaibvisa muchadenga.

Muchikwata yokupedzisira zvino pamutemo ine mitumbi shanu: Pluto, Eris, Makemake, Haumea, uye Ceres. Yokupedzisira zvinoreva asteroid bhandi. Makemake, Haumea uye Pluto runobva kuna Kuiper bhandi, uye Eris - vakaparadzirwa Disc.

asteroid bhandi

A yorudzii muganhu raiparadzanisa mapuraneti pano kubva gasi varefu, padzimba ivepo chavakaona Jupiter. Nokuda kuvapo chihombe nyika yacho asteroid bhandi ane nhamba zvinhu. Saka, mufananidzo wake akapa pfungwa yokuti kune ngozi chaizvo nokuti chitundumusere-musere mapazi: chikepe anogona damage ane asteroid. Zvisinei, ichi hachisi chokwadi: matambudziko Jupiter kwakaita kuti ndechokuti bhandi ane kumbonyanya sparse musumbu asteroids. Zvino muviri kuti kumuita kuva zvakanaka mwero saizi. Mukuita rokuumba nebhanire Jupiter kuti giravhiti kukanganiswa kutenderera guru miviri nzvimbo dziri akanamatirana pano. The dzose musazonetsanazve zvakazoita kuti chimiro diki zvimedu. A chinokosha chikamu nemarara pasi pokudzora chete Jupiter akadzingwa kunze renzou.

The zvachose guru mitumbi hunoumba Asteroid Belt, akaenzana 4 chete% chevanhu vakawanda Romwedzi. Zvinosanganisira chaizvoizvo kuti simbi uye matombo. Kudeuka muviri munharaunda iri pfupi puraneti Ceres, zvichiteverwa asteroids Pallas, Vesta, uye Gig.

The Kuiper bhandi

Kutenderera zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri uye inosanganisira mumwe mugove nevakabva asteroids. Ndiye Kuiper Belt iri mhiri muchadenga pamusoro Neptune. Zvinhu vanoiswa pano, kusanganisira Pluto, dzinonzi mhiri-Neptunian. Kusiyana bhandi asteroids pakati Mars uye Jupiter, vari anoumbwa chando - mvura, amoniya uye methane. The Kuiper Belt ndiyo ka20 kupfuura imwe asteroid uye dzinokwanisa zvikuru makuru kupfuura.

Pluto ayo mamiriro chaiwo chinhu pamusoro Kuiper Belt. Ndicho kupfuura nharaunda muviri. Paro wakaiswa mamwe mapuraneti maviri pfupi: Makemake uye Haumea.

dzakapfirirwa Disc

Kukura zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri haringorevi kuna Kuiper bhandi. Shure ndizvo vanonzi dzakapfirirwa Disc uye tsvagai Oort gore. Wokutanga overlaps pamwe Kuiper bhanhire, asi zvazvinoita zvikuru mberi muchadenga. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo vanoberekwa pfupi-nguva comets ari renzou. Vari ichazivikanwa noku orbital mumakore asingasviki 200.

Zvinhu vakapararira dhisiki, kusanganisira kometi seinobva Kuiper bhandi muviri anoumbwa ainyanya echando.

The Oort gore

A nzvimbo apo-refu comets kuchibva renzou (ane nguva zvemakore), inonzi Oort gore. To musi, hapana zvakananga uchapupu ivepo. Zvisinei isu yakaratidza zhinji chokwadi, zvisina kunanga achisimbisa pfungwa.

Vanodzidza nezvenyeredzi vanodavira kuti kwokunze kumiganhu Oort gore zvakabviswa Sun kure 50 kusvika 100,000 ezvemuchadenga dzakabatana. Maererano ayo ukuru, kupfuura chiuru nguva Kuiper bhandi uye vakapararira Disc pamwechete. Chokunze Muganhu Oort gore, uye ari kuonekwa muganhu renzou. Zvivako iri pano kupesvedzera nyeredzi pedyo. Somugumisiro, vakaumba comets kutenderera izvo nomunyika nechepakati chikamu renzou.

The akasiyana mamiriro

To musi, zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri -, chete kuvazivisa chikamu nzvimbo apo pane upenyu. Last asi kwete kupfuura mukana parinowanika chachinja nemamiriro yemapuraneti emuviri uye wayo placement ari corotation denderedzwa. Nyika iri mu "inogarwa mapazi" apo chiedza chezuva anova zvishoma dzinoparadza, aigona kuva vakafa sezvo vavakidzani vayo pedyo. Comets rwupi ari Kuiper bhanhire, vakaparadzirwa Disc, uye Oort gore, uye asteroids makuru aigona kuparadza kwete chete dinosaurs, asi kunyange mukana wokuti nyaya mhenyu. Kubva kwavari tiri kudzivirirwa chihombe Jupiter, kuswedera inozviitira zvinhu zvakadaro kana kuchinja muchadenga yavo.

Munguva kudzidza maumbirwo zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri kuti zvakaoma kuti kukanganiswa anthropocentrism: zvinoita sokuti zvose zvose chete kuti vanhu vakwanise kuoneka. Zvichida ichi Zvisinei handizvo, vazhinji ezvinhu, zvishoma kutyora izvo kwaizoguma rufu zvose zvipenyu zvose, zvakaoma Rerekerai pfungwa dzakadaro.