Rutherford kuedza

Masayendisiti regai pakarepo asvika pakunzwisisa zvakarurama mabhomba mamiriro. The muenzaniso atomu aronga Chirungu yefizikisi George. George. Thomson rokutanga akawana Erekitironi. Asi muenzaniso wake wakasvika apesane pamwe kuedza Ernest Rutherford kudzidza kuparadzira microparticles mhosva akanaka. kuedza izvi Rutherford airidza basa guru kunzwisisa nekubata atomu.

Zvakanga nechakare kuti Erekitironi gobvu ndiro kane zviuru zviduku pane mukanyiwa yacho PARTICIPLE pachayo. Rutherford akaita kubvuma kuti nokuti rose atomu riri kwatakarerekera, unorema kwayo uremu awire pamusoro chokwadi mhosva chimedu. Kuti asimbise pfungwa iyi, kuedza Rutherford vakanga kungogumira zvinotevera.

Iye zvinganaka kushandisa Alpha nezvimedu atomu vachiongorora. The Erekitironi gobvu ndiro anenge 8000 nguva shoma pane kuti α-inoramba, uye dzichimhanya rakanyatsojeka guru - zvinogona kusvika makiromita zviuru makumi maviri muzana wechipiri. Ndivo kuedza Rutherford kuputsanya Alpha-inoramba.

Maatomu inorema zvinhu okushambadza nezvimedu izvi. Nokuda mukanyiwa duku pakati maerekitironi kuchinja trajectory pakati α-inoramba vasingagoni zvikuru. Zvingadai chete kuita chikamu atomu, kuti chokwadi mhosva. Somugumisiro, hunhu kuputsanya Arifa nezvimedu vanogona kudzidza kugovera vazhinji mukati microparticles yakanaka mutariri uye nyaya.

Kuedza Rutherford aiva zvinotevera zano. Chero zvinhu radioactive anoiswa mukati humburumbira mutobvu. humburumbira Izvi akachera longitudinally rakamanikana gwara. Fudza α-inoramba iri mugero chiitiko pamusoro dzakaonda foil ari kuongororwa zvinhu (mhangura, ndarama etc.). Zvadaro Alpha nezvimedu kudonha translucent chidzitiro yakange akafukidzwa zingi sulphide. Mumwe PARTICIPLE, colliding pamwe chidzitiro, zvichipa nokupenya chiedza (scintillation), zvinogona kuonekwa kuburikidza maikorosikopu.

Rutherford Mimwe kuedza vakaratidza kuti vashomanana Alpha nezvimedu (yemumwe zviuru zviviri) dzava pedyo necheparutivi kupfuura 90 °. Izvi zvikuru zvakandivhiringidza Rutherford. Akati kuti sezvo zvisingatendeseki sezvo projectile vanogumurwa pane nhindi zvinyama bepa uye zvingava kwamuri uye vakabayiwa. Zvechokwadi, kuti kufungidzira imwe nei kwakavakirwa Thomson muenzaniso zvisingaiti uye Rutherford akataura kuti α-inoramba zvinogona adzosa chete kana unorema atomu iri chidukuduku Vhoriyamu nzvimbo. Sezvo kuedza Rutherford kwakamubatsira tisvike muenzaniso musimboti. muviri Izvi duku, riri yakaomerera zvinenge zvose zvakanaka mutariri uye mukanyiwa yose Micro-inoramba.

Mabhomba womuenzaniso inotevera zvakananga kubva kuedza kuti vakapedza Rutherford. mabhomba Rutherford maumbirwo zvinotevera pfungwa. Chokwadi mhosva neerekitironi riri pakati. Sezvo kwazvakarerekera atomu, nhamba maerekitironi vakaenzana kutevedzana nhamba iri Mendeleev nguva nenguva maatomu akafanana hurongwa. Vanotanga vari denderedzwa pamusoro paro, sezvo mapuraneti Anoisa Sun mukutenderera muchadenga. The Vapikisi vane maerekitironi nokuda Coulomb mauto. A rehydrogen atomu ane Erekitironi imwe chete orbiting neerekitironi kwayo. Its mabhomba neerekitironi anotakura yakanaka mutariri uye vakawanda vanenge 1836 nguva mukanyiwa yacho Erekitironi.

Kwakadaro muenzaniso atomu aiva experimental kudzidza, asi kunobva muenzaniso uyu kutsanangura kutsiga ivepo.

Maerekitironi zvinofamba ari muchadenga, vanofanira maererano nemitemo dzenhoroondo hurongwa pedyo chinoumba nokuda simba Nokurasikirwa uye, pakupedzisira, umuuraye. Kutaura zvazviri, Erekitironi asingadi kuwira musimboti. The microparticles of zvine maatomu akafanana zviri yakatsiga zvikuru uye kunogona kuvapo kwenguva yakareba. Mhedziso kwaiuya pakati atomu nokuda simba kurasikirwa, riri Hakupindirani Rutherford, kunokonzerwa pokushandisa mitemo dzenhoroondo hurongwa kuti microscale zvakavapo. Somugumisiro, mananara kuti microworld mitemo kushanda kuti dzekare wefizikisi.