Munhau, vanhu vakaedza kuvanza mamwe mashoko kubva yokunzvera maziso. Saka hazvishamisi kuti kunze chido ichi, mumwe sainzi rose - cryptography. Chii? Kupi richishandiswa uye nokuda kwezvinangwa zvei?
Vhuṱanzi
Kwekutanga nzira cryptography, sezvo mutemo, kushumira nevoruzhinji mubereko. Asi sezvo Internet dzakasvika, yakava zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana vanhu. Cryptography zvino kushandiswa hackers, varwi Data kuvimbika uye rusununguko ruzivo uye chete vanhu vanoda encrypt mashoko avo uye varege chipenye navo mambure. Asi nei zvichiripo cryptography? Chii uye chii chinogona kutipa? Chinhu sayenzi kuti kuroorana pakupa kukurukurirana pasina.
History of budiriro
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti cryptography nheyo wakaisa Eniasi Tacticus. Kuedza encrypt umboo vakaita kuIndia yekare, uye Mesopotamia. Asi havana kubudirira chaizvo. Yokutanga rakavimbika hurongwa kudzivirira yakazokudziridzwa muna China yekare. Kwakapararira cryptography awana Antiquity munyika. Zvadaro raishandiswa zvinangwa zvechiuto. Cryptographic nzira vakawana nzira yavo kuMiddle Ages, asi ivo kare vakagamuchira vatengesi uye vamiriri. The Golden Age sayenzi iyi inonzi Renaissance. Panguva binary encryption nzira yave aronga, akafanana anoshandiswa noruzivo rwemakombiyuta nhasi. Panguva World War First, akanga kuzivikanwa somunhu dzakazara kurwa chokushandisa. Zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kukanganisika muvengi namagwatidziro - uye aigona kuwana zvinoshamisa mugumisiro. Somuenzaniso, ari kuvhura neteregiramu akatumwa mumiririri wokuGermany Arturom Tsimmermanom US njere masangano. Tuso ichi chaiva kuti United States akapinda kurwa ari kurutivi Entente. Hondo Yenyika II yakanga mhando chakuvhuvhu kukura kwacho kombiyuta network. Uye mupiro zvikuru kune izvi akaita cryptography. Chii uye chii vari zvinoshanda migumisiro kushanda kwayo? Dzimwe hurumende vari kutyiswa pamusoro mukana kuti moratorium pakushandisa date encryption.
Kuwa ehurumende chindingindingi
Asi pezvaunorambidzwa kuita hurumende dzave basa, uye muna 1967 akabudisa bhuku naDavid Kahn "bumbiro mudariki". Rinotaura munhoroondo kukura, uyewo zvinokosha cryptography uye cryptanalysis. Kana yakabudiswa venhau, bhuku rino, kwaari akatanga kuonekwa uye mamwe mabasa. The mamiriro ezvinhu somunhu aval. Panguva iyo pane paumbwe ano yokusvika sayenzi iyi, uye rinorondedzera zvakajeka zvinodiwa zvinokosha kuti zvinofanira akasangana encrypted mashoko: kuvimbika, zvakavanzika uye neotslezhivaemost. Ipapo hurongwa vaviri vave voga uye vari kuramba kuwirirana zvikamu: cryptanalysis uye kriptosintez. Vanhu vokutanga mirayiridzo kutsvaka nzira yokunzvenga kuchengeteka uye mukana pakumedura kwayo. Nepo vanoita kriptosintezom, chinangwa iri kuitira kudzivirira mashoko. Uye sei zvinhu munguva dzazvino? Pano, somuenzaniso, FSB cryptography inogona hacked? Sei? How kutsanya?
modernity
Kana Internet yakaonekwa, kuti cryptography kwasvika kuvandudza. Nzira dzake zvino zvikuru kushandiswa nevanhu vari e-zvokutengeserana kwema ari kuziviswa, authentication uye zvichingodaro. Uye sei tisingagoni kutaura Bitcoin - cryptocurrency, izvo vanowanika maererano chairo kwemasvomhu algorithm, uye hainei hurumende. Ichi achishandisa muripo rinoshandiswa yokunzvenga kurambidzwa, kana havambokwanisi Penyesai. Somuenzaniso, unogona kugara muudzame pamusoro pfungwa pamwe BitCoins. maitiro uyu wakatangwa na mumwe programmer wechiduku anonzi Wei Dai. Uye muna 2009, izvozvo yakabudirira chinozoiswa Satoshi Nakamoto. For kwema vasingadi vanozoshanda muchimiro mubhengi kana rimwe sangano zvemari, saka vane zvakaoma chaizvo kuti kuronda. Uye nekuti zvizere rezvebonde decentralization ngavabude kana -oma BitCoins hazviiti. Naizvozvo, vanogona kushandiswa kubhadhara chero nhumbi - kana mutengesi anobvumirana kugamuchira mari. Created mari itsva kunogona chete kuva vanozvishandisa pachavo uyo anopa kadambari simba makombiyuta avo.
mazwi
Saka, pane cryptography, chii, isu munotoriziva, ngationei kunzwisisa chete navamwe okuti kuti zviri nyore.
Of mubereko mukuru kwatiri zvionera gadziriro zvigadzirwa kubhadhara. Pamusana kwaari, mutengi uye mutengesi anogona kutaura pasina matambudziko. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nyaya yokubva mari rokubhengi kunge kupedza imwe mamwe mutengapwe.
Kuzivikanwa - vanzwisise zvinoreva kuti vechikamu vari kutengeserana kushanda confidentially. Zvinogona kuva chakakwana uye anoyeuka. Mukupera nyaya ichiri anopa kutora chikamu kwe mugoveri. Anogona, kana zvimwe zvinhu vari akasangana, kuona vanhu.
Honest Bato - anonzi murume ane zvose zvakafanira mashoko uye zvishoma nezvishoma kunotevera hurongwa Protocol.
inodonha-bloc - muzvinapembe ane chivimbo zvevanhu vose. It anokubatsirai kuremekedza vanhu vakabvumirana Protocol.
The muvengi - ndiwo mutadzi anoda kuputsa mukomberedzo yakatangwa zvakavanzika mushumo. By default, sezvo panoonekwa vechikamu zvose munyika.
vanoramba vasingazivikanwi
Ngationgororei pfungwa nyaya iyi ine muenzaniso nyore. Privacy vanyanyisi vanowanzotevedzera kutanga CGI proxies (padandemutande proxies). Havafaniri kuisa yoga-software uye kuzadza wako musoro yakaoma configuration pakati rokuti Hardware. Panyaya iyi inodzidzisa kunongoratidza inopa mashoko kuti anoda kuenda Website. mushandisi ichi akazokumbirawo pachinzvimbo chavo uye oripfuudza humboo kuti murume. Asi pane dzimwe ngozi: Web Marshal ane inoshamisa anokwanisa kutevedzera pacharo zvose dzichidzidzisa ruzivo. Vakawanda mukana uyu zvakachengeteka vanakidzwe.
Kuti uwane vanoishandisa ruzivo vaifarira kushandisa mari zvakatoipisisa. Somuenzaniso unogona kutungamirira Tor. basa iri anoshandisa multi-rukoko hwokutiparadza hurongwa, rinosanganisira ngetani Marshal servers. Ramba uchiongorora date kwakaoma nokuda branching anotenderera. Nemhaka Tor ichi inopa vanoshandisa waro mukuru azvipire date kuchengeteka. Kunyange zvazvo pane dzimwe dzose.
CYPHERPUNK
Izwi iri rinoshandiswa pachinhu vanhu, nechido chaizvo pfungwa kusazivana. vanhu vakadaro havasi kukwana Marshal servers, uye mureza basa cryptography ravo anodawo hurongwa vasingaguti. Saka, vanoedza maximize kusazivana kuburikidza nokushandisa rakavhurika cryptographic gadziriro. Vakawanda vari vatsigiri CYPHERPUNK kufamba. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zviitiko izvi kazhinji zvakazara enyika coloring. Izvi imhaka yokuti vatsigiri vari vateveri crypto-anarchism uye munzanga pfungwa dzakawanda libertarian.
patani
Masvomhu uye cryptography zvine chokuita sayenzi, wechipiri inotevera kubva pakutanga. Development nzira kuti encryption uye Decryption kuti mashoko inobva zvakawanda algebraic nzira. Zviito All zvakafanira zvinogona kuitwa nomumwe munhu, asi nokuda yezvinoreva yose wehurumende akasika masangano unoparadzanisa.
Saka, kwatiri, tinogona kumbotipa somuenzaniso Institute of Cryptography panguva Federal Security Service. encryption protocols yakatanga naye inoshandiswa classifying nehanya data, kuwana izvo zvinofanira kubudiswa mamiriyoni emakore. Nhau yomusere - cryptography. Information michina anewo zvakawanda zvakafanana nesayenzi ichi. Asi iyi zvinoreva encryption kuti mashoko nenzira yakadaro kuti vakakwanisa kuverenga imwe kombiyuta mapurani. Sezvaunogona kuona, ndizvo nesayenzi muupenyu ano kufanana.
mhedziso
Cryptography hakusi nyore chinhu chokuita. Chokwadi, unogona paunenge wakadekara kuumba yavo encryption hurongwa, asi kwete kuti zvinogona kuva zvakawanda kana zvishoma simba nemishonga akaomesa nyanzvi. Kana pane chido kunzwisisa zvinokosha cryptography, unogona kutanga pamwe kwemasvomhu anoranga. Kunyange unogona husava kwazvo kwako basa uye kushandisa imwe dzakawanda rakavhurika date encryption enyika. Asi muchiitiko chino zvakafanira kusimudza mubvunzo kubudirira kwavo uye pamwero wokudzivirira.