American nyanzvi Samuel Huntington: Biography, mabasa makuru. rwisana kwenzanga

Wemagariro evanhu uye Political Science zvakajeka haagari muchikwata sciences chaiwo. Ndivo zvakaoma kuwana nzvimbo kuti vane mamiriro zvazvisingarambiki chokwadi. The nharo vanoremekedzwa zvikuru masayendisiti ane specialization sokuti zvakaoma uye akarambwa upenyu chaihwo, "munhu muduku." Asi kune dzidziso, iyo yakaumbwa pachishandiswa mitemo vavatorwa mudzimba nomunhu nyika uye munyika yose dzakawanda. Ndokusaka zvahunoreva. Samuel Huntington - American novelist, nyanzvi uye musayendisiti enyika - munyori vanoverengeka dzidziso. mabhuku ake kazhinji yaiva pfungwa sezvisingadaviriki kukuru pakutanga, uye zvino chinopa chinangwa tsanangudzo kuitika.

Uduku uye kuyaruka

Akaberekerwa muNew York muchirimo 1927, basa chokuita mhuri mabhuku mabasa. baba vake - Richard Thomas Huntington - aiva wenhau, amai - Dorothy Sanborn Phillips - munyori, uye rwaamai sekuru vake - Dzhon Fillips - anozivikanwa muparidzi. Kusarudza basa chokuita rezvedzidzo basa sokuti saka chaivo. Semyuel Fillips Huntington aiva akafanira akatsiva netsika mhuri nokunyorera vanosvika mabhuku 17 uye nyaya dzesayenzi pamusoro 90 voluminous.

Standard mhuri kuti vaenzane uye nzvimbo sevari kusarudzwa kuti Sam dzidzo. Pakutanga College ichi "The Imi" (Stuyvesant High School) muNew York, ipapo tsvimborume dhigirii kosi pa Yale (Yale University) mu New Haven - muna 1946, zvadaro wedzimhosva mune zvesayenzi enyika paUniversity of Chicago (1948) uye, pakupedzisira, Harvard, apo Samuel Huntington muna 1951 vakagamuchira mwero chiremba wouzivi uye Political Science.

Chii zvaishamisa kwaingova ipapo kuti iye vakabudirira nyanzvi zvezvaidzidziswa kuti kumayunivhesiti ari mapfupi zvikuru nguva pane dzose. Sezvo chikoro ichi muna Yale ava nemakore 16, akapedza kudzidza kwete kwemakore mana, uye 2.5. A yokumbozorora muzvidzidzo ake aiva pfupi-izwi basa iri US Army muna 1946, vasati vapinda magistracy.

Professor uye Consultant

Pashure kuwana dhigirii, akaenda kunoshanda somudzidzisi wake Aruma mai - Harvard. Ikoko akashanda intermittently kweinenge hafu yezana remakore - kusvikira 2007. Chete kubvira 1959 kusvika 1962, akapedza wegurukota Director of Institute for Hondo uye Peace Kushuma mune imwe yunivhesiti yakakurumbira American - Columbia.

Ndakanga hwake nguva apo iye pedyo nevanhu ano mukuru-azvipire enyika. Muna 1968, aiva consultant pamusoro yokumwe Mutemo vemutungamiri kukwikwidza Hubert Humphrey, uye kubva muna 1977 kusvika 1978, Samuel Huntington vakashanda President Jimmy Carter ndechei sechinhu rainyanya kukosha nokuti kuronga paNational Security Council. Maonero ake akanga dzikateerera kuteerera vakuru zhinji uye vanyori wehurumende, uye Genri Kissindzher uye Zbignev Bzhezinsky Huntington vaiona shamwari pachako.

hune munyori

Nguva dzose vakasununguka kubva kudzidzisa uye paruzhinji mabasa, iye vakazvipira kunyora mabhuku. Vari vakazadzwa kuongorora zviri kuitika mudzimba uye vatorwa wokuti vaikudzwa nyika munyika uye for okukura zvose kwematunhu uye pasi rose kwendangariro. Mavambo mafungiro, erudition rukuru uye rurefu unhu vakarumbidzwa nomukurumbira uye varemekedzwe pakati navo. Achiratidza ichi ndechokuti enyika achitungamirira masayendisiti uye evanhu US kusarudzwa kuti utungamiriri weAmerican Association of Political Science.

Muna 1979, iye akavamba magazini "Foreign Policy» (Foreign Policy), rwakazokura mumwe vanoremekedzwa zvikuru mabhuku mumunda dzakawanda ukama. Iye anoramba saka nhasi, kusiya bimonthly, rokubudisa kusanganisira wegore "Kudyidzana Index" uye "Rating vakundwa hurumende."

Book, kuumba zita

bhuku rokutanga, izvo akasika Huntington mukurumbira sechinhu anofunga yepakutanga uye kufunga nyanzvi, vakava yakabudiswa muna 1957 basa "Murwi uye State. Pfungwa uye Politics of Civil-Military Relations. " Mairi, akaongorora dambudziko anobudirira, rehurumende kudzora muchiuto.

Huntington inoongorora yetsika nemagariro ezvinhu mukuru Corps, akadzidza uto nhoroondo ruzivo kare - nyika yokutanga - kubva XVII remakore, uye ipapo munhu kuwanwa mukufamba mukurwisana nezvombo mundima United States uye mhiri kwemakungwa, apo kutumira American Expeditionary Force. Bhuku racho akaratidza ipapo enyika mamiriro pakutanga kweHondo Yemashoko. Mhedziso musayendisiti: abudirire kudzora muchiuto noruzhinji rinofanira kubva ayo professionalization, pamusoro zvizere zvibereko mamiriro vanhu vakazvipira upenyu basa muchiuto.

Kufanana nemamwe mabhuku akawanda, bhuku rino wakakonzera anotyisa gakava, asi nokukurumidza vakawanda pfungwa dzacho zvaiva hwaro munyika mberi uto kuchinja.

"Political Order mu Kuchinja Societies" (1968)

Muchidzidzo ichi, musayendisiti ake American enyika achiitisa tsanangudzo Kuongorora socio-enyika mamiriro ezvinhu richikunda munyika pakazopera 60-ies ose XX remakore. Rakanga dzinoratidzwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kwaita nzanga munyika, kunyanya kubva vaimbova dzaidzorwa, kunze kuzvidzora metropolises uye anosarudza nzira okukura pamusoro colour pose Pfungwa kunetsana pamusoro hurongwa, ane mutungamiriri aiva Soviet Union neUnited States. Izvi zvakakonzera kuti chidzoke rokuti "World Third".

Bhuku rino iri ikozvino achinzi chaiwo pamusoro okufananidza zvematongerwo enyika. Uye pashure pokunge pasi zvikuru kutsoropodzwa kubudikidza vanyori iyoyo yakakurumbira Western masayendisiti enyika mazuvaano dzidziso. Huntington mubhuku rake rinonzi anoviga dzidziso iyi, kuratidza naye sezvo pasina ruzivo ugoedza kuti kusimukira mune yegutsaruzhinji kukura kuburikidza kukurudzira mberi maonero.

"The Wechitatu Wave: Democratization mukupera XX remakore" (1991)

Vazhinji bhuku anotora kudzidza pose zvakaita sinusoidal inofamba muitiro munyika democratic siyana hurumende. Pashure vachisimudza kufamba kwakadaro (Huntington akaverenga mafungu matatu: 1828-1926, 1943-1962, 1974-) vanofanira ndirambe (1922-1942, 1958-1975).

American musayendisiti pfungwa inobva zvinotevera zvekungofungira:

• Democratization - iri yose muitiro ne vakawanda dzinokura zvimwe zviitiko.
• Democracy ane hunhu kuzvikoshesa kuti haana kuva chinangwa pragmatic.
• The zvakasiyana-siyana democratic kurongeka.
• Democratization hazvirevi kuguma pakupera XX remakore, zvinobvira rollback dzimwe nyika uye kutanga rakatevera remakore, 4. wave.

Pfungwa kwenzanga

Bhuku "The Zvinosiyana kwenzanga" (1993) akaita zita Huntington wakakurumbira munyika yose, ichishevedzera nenzwi zvikuru kukuru gakava, kuuya kumuganhu US. Maererano masayendisiti, ari kuuya XXI remakore nokuda Pakusarudza nyika kuti achava kukurukurirana mutsika dzakasiyana uye dzomunyika inoumbwa nevakawanda mutauro uye mararamiro.

Kuwedzera Western budiriro, Huntington ane masere idzodzo dzakadaro: asi necheSalvic-Orthodox, dzinotungamirirwa kweRussia, Japanese, muBuddha, chiHindu, Latin America, African, Sinskaya (Chinese) uye budiriro rechiIslam. Miganhu izvi idzodzo musayendisiti akanzi basa chikuru mitsetse ramangwana kunetsana.

Dambudziko somunhu nharo iri gakava

Zvaakanga akasunungura makore matatu gare gare mubhuku "The Zvinosiyana kwenzanga uye nokubatanidzwazve nomurayiro nyika", munyori vanomutswa kunyange yakakwirira kusimba gakava pamusoro wayo dzidziso. Zvinosuwisa kuti September 11, 2001 zhinji vanhu, kunyanya vokuAmerica, ndaona wokuwedzera nokusimbisa Kururama yakakurumbira dzezvematongerwo enyika nokufembera, muenzaniso akatanga kunetsana kwenzanga siyana.

Nepo masayendisiti akawanda enyika azivise pamusoro mafungiro kuti dzidziso Huntington pedyo US zvedzidzo yeChina, zvinofungidzirwa kuti mushure kurwisa, achiperekedzwa Islamic masirogani kuti akaparadza mhiri nyika, "dzidziso kwenzanga" atora chose nokuda US mutongo madenderedzwa.

Happy murume mhuri

Man akaratidza mumapeji mabhuku ake, dzimwe nguva zvakasimba uye aiziva kuti akaramba uye akaomesa musoro kuzvidzivirira pfungwa dzavo pachena nharo, Samuel Huntington muupenyu hwezuva nezuva aiva nomwero zvikuru uye akanaka. Akararama anopfuura hafu remakore, nomudzimai wake, Nancy, vanomutswa vanakomana vaviri uye vazukuru mana.

Wokupedzisira chikuru basa musayendisiti vakaona chiedza muna 2004. Mubhuku "Ndivanaani We? Zvinetso kuna America National Identity", iye inoongorora kwakatangira uye unhu pfungwa iyi uye anoedza kufanotaura matambudziko zvakamirira zvitupa vokuAmerica mune ramangwana.

Muna 2007, Huntington akamanikidzwa kupedza professorship ake paHarvard ari Kuipa utano nokuda matambudziko anoitika cheshuga mellitus. Aiita padhesiki rake kusvikira pazuva rokupedzisira, kusvikira pakuguma December 2008 akapfuura kure mutaundi Marita Vineyard muna Massachusetts.

In upenyu hwake hwepasi pano pfungwa yakatogadzirwa, asi gakava kunotangira mabhuku ake pasi pose, kwete uchabvuruvara kwenguva refu kwazvo nguva.