Pfungwa relativity mumutauro nyore. Einstein kwakaita Dzidziso relativity

SRT, Toe - pasi acronyms izvi anovanza anenge ose yaizivikanwa rokuti "dzidziso relativity". Zviri nyore, unogona kutsanangura zvose, kunyange zvinotaura shasha, saka usaora mwoyo kana musingadi kurangarira chesekondari wefizikisi, nokuti zvechokwadi nyore zvikuru kupfuura zvinoita.

nucleation dzidziso

Ngatitange nzira "dzidziso Relativity nokuda Dummies." Albert Einstein akabudisa basa rake muna 1905, uye akaita kuti resonance enyanzvi. ndiyo dzidziso iyi zvinenge chose anofukidza zhinji Makwanza uye zvinopikisana ari wefizikisi remakore rapfuura, asi vo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, akashandura pfungwa nzvimbo uye nguva. In vakawanda Einstein kuti vomunguva mvumo zvakanga zvakaoma kutenda, asi kuedza uye tsvakurudzo chete anosimbisa mashoko musayendisiti mukuru.

Einstein kwakaita Dzidziso relativity mumutauro nyore akatsanangura kuti iro vanhu wakarwira emakore. It anganzi nheyo zvose ano wefizikisi. Zvisinei, tisati kuramba kutaura dzidziso relativity, zvakafanira kuti kujekesa mazwi. Ndine chokwadi zhinji kuverenga nyaya yakakurumbira sainzi, atarisana acronyms maviri: SRT uye GRT. Kutaura zvazviri, havana kureva zvinhu zvakawanda zvakasiyana. First - ichi chinokosha dzidziso relativity, uye mumwe unomiririra "zvayo dzidziso relativity."

Just pamusoro zvakaoma

Što - iri kupfuura yekare pfungwa, izvo dzakazova chikamu mukuru dzidziso relativity. Rinogona kunzi chete pezvakaitwa mumuviri zvinhu kutamira pamwero dzechisoja. The vakawanda dzidziso inogona kutsanangura zviri kuitika pamwe kuwedzera zvinhu, uye tsanangura kuti nei kune nezvimedu graviton nerukudzo.

Kana uchida kutsanangura inofamba nemirairo makanika, uyewo ukama nzvimbo uye nguva sezvo isu pedyo kumhanya chiedza - zvinogona kuti rinokosha dzidziso relativity. Mumashoko nyore zvinogona kutsanangurwa sezvinotevera: somuenzaniso, shamwari ramangwana aizokupa spaceship kuti inogona kubhururuka panguva kumhanya. On mumhino chitundumuseremusere chakasvitsa chakakodzera pfuti, vaikwanisa photons kupfura zvose anouya mberi.

Kana bara riri vanogumurwa, ngarava hama kuti inoramba kutama ane velocity chiedza, asi zvine musoro mira mucherechedzi anofanira kuona kuwanda aimhanya maviri (photons pachavo uye chikepe). Asi hapana sezvizvi. Muoni achaona photons, kutamira ari kumhanya 300,000 km / s, kana kumhanya chikepe kwakanga razero.

The ndechokuti pasinei kutsanya ichifambira chinhu, kumhanya chiedza kwaari Ndinoramba saizi.

Uyu mutsara mukuru unoshamisa inferences akadai kusarurama uye deceleration nguva, zvichienderana mass velocity yacho chinhu. Ndiwo hwaro nyaya renyaya mafirimu uye yepaTV zhinji.

General Dzidziso Relativity

Zviri nyore zvinogona kutsanangurwa uye zvakawanda voluminous zvayo relativity. Kutanga kufunga kuti edu mana-dimensional nzvimbo. Nguva uye nzvimbo ikashandiswa mu "nyaya" se "nzvimbo-nguva continuum." In nzvimbo iyi, pane ina batanidza matemo: x, y, z uye t.

Asi vanhu haigoni kubatwa zvakananga kukura mana, uyewo tsvagai sandara vanhu vanogara maviri-dimensional nyika, asingakwanisi kutarisa. Kutaura zvazviri, nyika yedu kunongova fungidziro mana-dimensional nzvimbo.

An dzinonakidza ndechokuti, maererano mukuru relativity, muviri haachinji panguva inofamba. Anoramba zvina-dimensional nyika iri chaizvoizvo nguva dzose chete, uye kana uchityaira shanduko chete maberere zvavo, izvo tinoona sezvo nguva kusarurama, zvinoderedza kana kuwedzera kukura uye zvichingodaro.

Kuedza erevheta

On dzidziso relativity mumutauro nyore unogona kuudza vane zvishoma pfungwa yetsvakurudzo. Fungidzira kuti uri erifiti. Dumba zvakatanga, uye imi vari ezvinhu weightlessness. Chii chakaitika? Zvikonzero zvingava zviviri: kana ari erevheta iri muchadenga kana chiri pachena vanowira pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu nyika wacho regiravhiti. The dzinonakidza zvikuru ndechokuti unogona kuwana zvinokonzera weightlessness, kana iwe usingagoni kutarira kunze kabhini vachasimudza, kureva kwemasayendisiti maviri tarisa chete.

Zvichida akapedza pfungwa yetsvakurudzo yakafanana, Albert Einstein vakagumisa kuti kana mamiriro ezvinhu maviri vari indistinguishable kubva mumwe, zvinoreva kuti chaizvoizvo muviri pasi pokudzora regiravhiti haisi kuwedzera zviri kunyange sangano akatsunga pasi pokudzora hombe muviri (mu iyi, nyika yacho ). Nokudaro, nokukurumidza kufamba - ichi kunongova fungidziro kuti yakafanana inofamba mu-dimensional matatu nzvimbo.

chinhu chidzidzo

Mumwe muenzaniso wakanaka pamusoro "Relativity dzidziso nokuda Dummies." Haasi zvakarurama zvachose, asi zviri nyore chaizvo uye visual. Kana Mucheka akatambanudza kuisa chimwe chinhu, anoumba rimwe ane "Kutsauka", "fanera". All muviri duku vachamanikidzwa vasataura trajectory maererano itsva curvature nzvimbo, uye kana muviri zvishoma simba, hazvina kazhinji havagoni kukurira fanera ichi. Zvisinei, kubva nemaonero ane chinofamba chinhu, kuti trajectory ndiyo yakarurama mutsetse, havasi kunzwa vachikotama nzvimbo.

Giravhiti ari "demoted"

With veMubatanidzwa vakawanda relativity, giravhiti isimba asisiri uye zvino vava inogutswa nzvimbo isingashamisiri mugumisiro wacho curvature nzvimbo uye nguva. GRT zvingaita naka, asi ndiko kushanda shanduro nekusimbiswa nokuongorora.

A yakawanda raiita incredible zvinhu zvedu munyika vanogona kutsanangura dzidziso relativity. Zviri nyore izvi rinonzi migumisiro vakawanda relativity. Somuenzaniso, chiedza mwaranzi achibhururuka ari chinhambwe kubva muhombe miviri, muri curved. Uyezve, zvinhu zvizhinji zvakadzama nzvimbo zvakavigwa kune mumwe, asi nekuda yokuti chiedza mwaranzi Vanokunga kunhivi dzimwe miviri, meso edu (kana kuti, anopenya teresikopu) dziripo, zvinhu zvinoita asingaoneki. Zvose zvakafanana, kutarisa kuburikidza masvingo.

Mukuru kukomba, ari nomumugwagwa kwaitora nguva kubuda pamusoro pemvura chinhu nguva. Izvi zvinoshandawo kwete chete miviri mikuru yakadai Nyuturoni nyeredzi kana dema maburi. Kuvhiringidzwa nguva dilation inogona kuchengetwa kunyange munyika. Somuenzaniso, mano kuti kuongorora zvinhu nemasaisai vakapakata chaiwo mabhomba wachi. Vari muchadenga yepasi, uye apo pane ticking zvishoma nokukurumidza. Hundredths ane zuva rechipiri yakazotevera pachava iri nhamba anozopa kusvika 10 km chikanganiso dzemaitirwe iri nzira munyika. Change Kukanganisa kuubvumira Pfungwa relativity.

Nemashoko nyore kungaratidzwa se: mukuru relativity ndiyo hwaro michina mizhinji yemazuva ano, akavonga Einstein, tinogona kuwana nyore risingazivikanwi munharaunda Pizza yokumusoro uye raibhurari.