Kunyangarika Lake Urmia muna Iran

February 10, 2016 akapfuura shoko akanyangarika muBolivia munyu Lake Poopó, izvo ravanofanira kamwe imwe nzvimbo 3000 mativi makiromita. Zvakangofanana wakawanda uye yakapoteredzwa nemvura, pangozi, ndiye Iran. Lake Urmia panguva yakaderera kukura nokuda 70%, uye achangobuda mashoko ose 90% zvichienzaniswa 1984 gore.

Kamwe chihombe munyu mudziva

Zvayaiva kumusoro-nechokumadokero Iran Urmia ndiro rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose mudziva Pedyo uye Middle East. Kugara - icho administrative uye miganhu chairema Iran. Pakati East uye West Azerbaijan ndiye Lake Urmia. Pakutanga, muviri mvura yaigarwa imwe nzvimbo 6,000 mativi mamita. ? km. The mudziva rine mazita akawanda. The akakurumbira Arab geographer Istarkhi (anenge 850-934) akasarudzwa nayo kuti vanyengeri Lake (Buhayrat al-Surat), ari kuunganidzwa magwaro matsvene "Avesta", richiwanika pasi zita Chechasht, rakashandurwa zvakare se "uchipenya chena" uye se "kwakadzama nyanza ne munyu mvura. " Kwemazana emakore, rainzi Salt Lake uye zvakawanda Kabunat, Shahi, notes, Rezaye.

vamwe parameters

Altitude, ndiro Lake Urmia ndiye 1275 muziviswe mamita. It waiva elongated chimiro uye kudhonzwa kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba ari chinhambwe 140 km nohupamhi ranged kubva 40 kusvika 55? Km. Asi zvaiva pamberi, asi ikozvino gungwa iri vava kuda kutsakatika. In wakafara kuwana kwakaita okufananidza mifananidzo kubva satellites, achiratidza kuti shoaling mvura dura kubva 1984 kusvika 2014. Uye mumazuva ekare yakasvika 16 metres kunonyanyisa udzamu. Lake Urmia haasi kureva duku dzinongoitika reservoirs: avhareji zvakanakisisa makore akanga 5 mamita. A nomunda iyo mvura zvose inoyerera chero kunyanya mumvura inonzi catchment nzvimbo. Kare Urmia Lake Watershed yaiva nharaunda iyo vakasvika 50 zviuru mativi makiromita. The dziva rakanga kukasawedzerwa mumwedzi yechando uye tsime nokuda kunayisa. The rechibharo pakukura vanoonekwa kuti kumaodzanyemba Jagat uye Tatavu, kuchamhembe-mabvazuva - chili Chai. Basic munyu, riri vakapfuma dziva, yavaibvisa uye kuiisa chlorine, uye sulfates (munyu pamusoro sulfuric acid).

zvitsuwa

Pakutanga, gungwa rakanga zvitsuwa 102, zvakawanda maiva chikonzero chando shiri dzinotama. Vamwe vavo vakanga akafukidzwa pistachio masango. Pazasi kumaodzanyemba kwegungwa paiva sumbu zvitsuwa zviduku 50. On mudziva pane zvitsuwa, akadai Islami, pamusoro soro yepamusoro unova wemamongi Hulagu Khan (rinda Mongol khans). By vapenyu zvakare Kabudan uye Espirit, Ashk uye Arezoo, izvo akatunhidzwa Iranian tsvuku nondo. Chitsuwa ndiyo inozivikanwa yayo Cajun-D nyika zvisingawanzoitiki kasvisto. Uyezve,, mukuwedzera kune mbudzi, ingwe kurarama.

Biota

Kana gungwa akaita zvitsuwa, pane kubatana pakati pavo. The dziva riri navigable gore rose, saka haina -oma. Mahombekombe ayo akafukidzwa munyu marshes, panguva mumiromo nzizi inoyerera kupinda marshes pane mumatenhere ose kwakapararira rutsanga uye Sitnik (a guru genus kuti maruva zvirimwa).

Lake Urmia (mapikicha zvinogona kuonekwa munyaya) rinoreva Rose Lake nyika. Mumamiriro ruvara akadaro dhayi munyu madhamu Colony Rachkov Artemy, izvo hypersaline Urmia kwazvo. First shallowing munyu wevasungwa mudziva mvura yakanga yakaoma kusvika 350 magiramu muzana 1 fő mvura, asi iko mararamiro Urmiya ndichingoti 180 magiramu. Mumuviri uyu mvura, Chokwadi, hapana hove. Fauna chinomiririrwa flamingoes, pelicans uye shelduck, izvo dendere riri pagungwa.

City chokuita nyanza

Nokuda kusiyana Urmia, kuti National Park hwagadzwa muna 1967, yaisanganisira chikuru chikamu dura. UNESCO nemhaka kunoshamisa mararamiro vakaziva biosphere Dam chekuchengeta. Right pa nemvura unopinza, pamusoro munyu nomumachakwi nemisha ikoko. Vari pedyo napedyo. Somuenzaniso, ari kumadokero guta rine zita iroro, riri muzinda zvakasara West Azerbaijan. Capital kuEast Azerbaijan, rechitatu pakukura muguta Iran kubva pamakore 4000 enhau uye vanhu mamiriyoni nehafu - Harare. Ndivo nemisha kupfuura pedyo kwegungwa, vakasungwa huru, akavaka dhamu rwaiparadzanisa gungwa muzvikamu zviviri.

Inokonzera shallowing

In dzose dzakapoteredza nzvimbo kune vanopfuura mamiriyoni 14. People, izvo zvinoda yakawanda mvura. Ichi chimwe chikonzero shoaling pamusoro Urmia. Yakavakwa muna 2008, mai, unobva East uye West Azerbaijan, haana kuvandudza ikoroji pegungwa, uyewo mvura kuti mudhamu nekuyerera rwizi. Kusimba kuitika kwegungwa Urmia mune dzimwe nzvimbo zvikuru vasingakoshi. Anotsigira shallowing nokusanaya kwemvura, yakatanga muna 1998.

chikumbaridzo njodzi

Maererano nenyanzvi, panyaya okupedzisira kunyangarika kugungwa, pachinzvimbo achava pano anopfuura mabhiriyoni 10. Matani munyu uye hapana vagere, sezvo vachamanikidzwa kusiya misha yavo. The aramu akarerwa nemasayendisiti munyika yose akaratidza kuti nyaya isingadzorwi kare muna 2018 panzvimbo pegungwa vari marshes, rakanzwikwa. Kunyange muna 2011 kurovedzera akarwa kuponesa kwegungwa, mujeri. Sei? Nekuti mvura iri abstracted kubva mumuviri uno mvura chinodiwa yokudiridza minda. Saka, hurumende akasarudza zvitori.

Anoronga kuponesa

Basa iri ruponeso dura rakatanga muna 2012 apo muArmenia mvumo kwave vakawana pamusoro kuchinjwa nemvura Urmia chikamu zvokuvhoterwa. To Iranian dziva harisati rapera zvachose, vachiyeuka anosuruvarisa kutapwa kweGungwa Aral, masayendisiti munyika dzinoverengeka zvakagadzira nzira rokuponesa pagungwa. Pane urongwa akawanda, uye vazhinji vavo vachiri ndehwokuti kuderedza mvura withdrawals kubva Makungwa nenzizi zvokudya nayo zvinangwa zvokurima. Asi zuro, tariro huru pamusoro kweGungwa reCaspian. Kana basa racho, basa academicians uye 500 nyanzvi kubva kunyika 50 mumakondinendi ose (nyanzvi idzi vakava zvakakwana ruzivo runowanikwa kukura rumutsiriro kweGungwa Aral), rakagadzirirwa zvakarurama uye zvichaita chinozoiswa, izere kudzorerwa bhuku mvura mugungwa kunogona kutarisirwa 2023.

Favorite nyanza

vanhu Local kwazvo kwazvo dziva rako. Chokutanga, mvura ndiyo gobvu, inodziya uye kuporeswa - zvakanakisa kushambira mairi. Chechipiri, anoshamisa uyo akatora kujairika muchimiro zviwi duku munyu (chibhakera kuna Osman), pamhenderekedzo nhau iri pachangu kwazvo munyu, nokuparadzira chezuva. Nemhaka zvose izvi, yakanaka chaizvo uye rakasiyana nzvimbo dzakapoteredza Lake Urmia. Description pamwe photo, kumusoro, zvakajeka kuratidza runako ichi utsinye uye wakagadzikana. Pamahombekombe, unogona kuwana zvakasiyana siyana crystals ose hukuru siyana uye zvitarisiko - vanhu mhuri vauye kufamba pamwe pamhenderekedzo dura kufarira.

A chakakomba kusvika

Chokwadi, Urmia Lake zvikuru yambira: akamira pakati murenje chena uye munyu ngura munhu zvisingakoshi chinonyengera, akasiya dzimba pakarepo aimbova mahombekombe pano, miti yakasvava. Naizvozvo, masayendisiti kwenyika kushanda kudzivisa mumwe njodzi nezvakatipoteredza uye kudzokera norugare uye kunaka. The Iranian Hurumende, pamwe chete UN Development Program kuda mari pakumuka kwegungwa 1,3 bln. Dollars. The mari kuchabudirira kwete chete kune kuchinjwa mvura kubva kumwewo (semuenzaniso, kuti Araz River), asiwo kuvandudza kunyatsoshanda kuti Urume kuparadzwa yatorwa makungwa zvinangwa zvokurima. The pasuru ine 25 mitsara umo zvose kupendwa zvakawanda.

Bright Sight Iran

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti kunyange zvino, kana chikuru Iranian dziva yasakara kwakadaro, pane zvakawanda zvinhu kuti kutarisirwa. Ko Lake Urmia pedyo Mount Ararat, kumaodzanyemba enyika Armenian dzakakwirira. Unogona kuzviwana sezvinotevera. In Harare, pane yendege, Urmia nevamwe maguta Iran vakabatana mugwagwa anoshamisa. Kubva maguta aya maviri zvakananga nyanza ingasvikwa nebhazi kana kutora tekisi.