Charles Sanders Peirce - muvambi pragmatism uye semiotics: a Biography, mabasa makuru

Charles Sanders Peirce - American muzivi, logician yemasvomhu uye musayendisiti, izvo vamwe anonzi "baba pragmatism". Akagamuchira dzidzo yake sechinhu kemisiti uye aishanda musayendisiti kwemakore anopfuura 30. It kunoongwa kuti mupiro wake pfungwa, masvomhu, uzivi uye semiotics. Uyewo musayendisiti yakakurumbira American kuti aisa mberi huru zvokudya munhu kwouzivi kuitika - pragmatism.

ndangariro

Charlz Pirs - chinhu innovator mu masvomhu, nhamba, uzivi, uyewo tsvakurudzo methodologies sciences dzakasiyana-siyana. Pierce vaiona pachake pakutanga logician. Akaita mupiro guru sayenzi iyi. Panguva imwe cheteyo, chakazarura pfungwa nzira itsva matongo uye mhedziso. Akaona pfungwa sezvo chakarongwa bazi semiotics, muvambi chakanga. Uyezve, Charlz Pirs rinorondedzerwa pfungwa abductive pfungwa, uyewo zvakasimba zvaitwa nemutoo kwemasvomhu induction uye deductive pfungwa. Nechekare muna 1886 akaona kuti musoro akavhiyiwa zvinogona kuitwa zvemagetsi nokuchinja matunhu. Pfungwa yakafanana aishandiswa emakore gare gare kuti pagadzirwe digitaalinen makombiyuta.

Chii pragmatism?

Pragmatism - a kuitika kwouzivi kuti akatanga muUnited States muna 1870. Pragmatism achiona vakafunga ari kufungidzira mudziyo uye matambudziko uye chiito, uye anoramba pfungwa yokuti pfungwa dzevanhu basa chokuita metaphysics uye zvakadai tiivistelmä zvinhu zvinofambirana chokwadi uye matambudziko yakakwirira njere mugumo. Pragmatists nharo kuti chokwadi ndiye chete chinhu kuti inopa mazano anobatsira zvabuda. Pragmatism Charles Peirce rinorondedzera "kuchinja zvakasikwa", asi vanongofungidzira, realists uye Thomists (vateveri pfungwa Catholic) pfungwa "asingachinji muchadenga." Pragmatism - icho uzivi, izvo zvinopesana mukuedza zvose kumutsanangurira metaphysics uye mukuru chokwadi chipi mumwe mirayiridzo kwekanguva nekubvirana pakati vanhu vari kudzidza nzvimbo.

Chii semiotics?

Semiotics - kudzidza zvinoreva zvichikurukura kwendangariro. Izvi zvinosanganisira kudzidza zviratidzo semiotic urongwa, mirayiridzo yavo akacherekedza zvakafanana, fananidzo, zvinofananidzira, dimikira uye Chirevo. Kudzidza uku rinoongorora sayenzi zviratidzo sezvo pakukurukurirana. Kusiyana, zvemutauro, semiotics riri kudzidza non-mitauro chiratidzo enyika.

Semiotika Purofesa Charles S. Peirce

The semiotics Charles Peirce rinozivisa dzinoverengeka kiyi pfungwa (pfungwa zviratidzo, avo zvirevo uye dzokufananidzira ukama). Aiziva kuti nzvimbo iyi kutsvakurudza kunofanira rakabatana sayenzi - semiotics. Saka, Pierce yave kuzivikanwa dzinokosha Dzidziso semiotics, kuti ayo kupatsanura:

• Signs mifananidzo: hwakajeka zviratidzo, rinoreva chinokosha uye kuva zvakafanana kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro ukoshi. Mumwe muenzaniso uri yambiro chiratidzo "Caution: Vana", izvo zvinoratidza inoyerera vana. Izvi zvinokonzera kuti chikwangwani kutapudzwa nokukurumidza munzira uye yakaiswa pedo zvikoro, kindergartens, mudiki mutambo zvikamu (kana vemifananidzo), uye zvichingodaro. D.
• Signs maindex: zvinoreva kunorevawo chinhu (kana zviito) kwakabatana kanenge daro munguva kana nzvimbo. Mumwe muenzaniso uri signage mumigwagwa, iyo kupa mufambi ruzivo pamusoro zita, kutungamirira uye daro unotevera musha. Uyewo, ziso zviratidzo, iyo inoratidza Somuenzaniso, finyanya - vaiona chiratidzo-indekisi, nokuti chakasvitswa mupfungwa dzevanhu mamiriro (mu iyi - hasha).
• Zviratidzo-sezviratidzo; asi ndokuratidza uye signifier vari kuroorwa hunhu pasi prism womumwe convection (totaura pre-kokorodzano). Unogona vauyise muenzaniso chikwangwani inoratidza "pafiripi kuti" Triangle. KUPA zvichireva chiratidzo - a "kupa nzira", asi rokuti wayo kwazvo ane chokuita dzinokurudzira chiito, nokuti nyore inverted Triangle. Under chete prism Falls zviratidzo zvenyika, apo mufananidzo chinhu chiri isina mhinduro vose. The zviratidzo angava mashoko ose aripo mitauro, asi ari pamazita kunze kuwana shoko-vokunyepera (akadai "croak", "meow", "chigomero", "rira" uye akafanana).

Charlz Pirs: Biography

Musi September 10, 1839, kuti Cambridge (Massachusetts), mwanakomana American yemasvomhu akakurumbira uye zvomuchadenga Benjamin Peirce. Charles akatungamirira rakaropafadzwa mangwanani upenyu: vabereki vakaramba kuranga uye kudzidzisa vana vavo nokuti kutya kudzvinyirira kwavo munhu akazvimiririra. Mukuwedzera, zvedzidzo uye pfungwa ezvinhu mumhuri musha, iro rinowanzoshandurwa ashanyirwa zvikuru pakunamata uye zvinokosha varemekedzwa, Pierce haana kubvumira kusarudza akasiyana panzira nesayenzi. Pakati vakakokwa vaiva kazhinji kunoshamisa mathematicians uye masayendisiti, vananyanduri, magweta uye vezvematongerwo enyika. In ezvinhu ichi, muduku Charles Pierce akakwanisa kuramba nyaradzo uye mubereko.

Pierce aiva wechipiri mwana shanu mumhuri. Akanga ina hama unyanzvi vari zvishoma kwakabatana hwavo nesayenzi uye vakuru vakuru. Dzheyms Mills Peirce (mukoma mukuru) vakatevera baba vake Harvard University, apo akadzidza masvomhu zvakadzama.

Imwe hama, Herbert Henry Pierce, rwave aikudzwa basa iri ungwaru basa Ushumiri Foreign. Muduku, munin'ina Benjamin Mills Peirce, akadzidza engineering aiva akabudirira, asi akafa muduku munharaunda iyi. Talent hama, kunyanya Charles, zvikurukuru chokuita kukuru uchenjeri uye simba baba vavo, uyewo zvinonakisa muchadenga upenyu-vakangwara kuti zvavakomba dzose.

Charlz Pirs: mabhuku, mapepa dzesayenzi

The kukurumbira uye mukurumbira Pierce dzinongoita kwakavakirwa ayo dzinoverengeka mapepa kwesayenzi yakabudiswa mumagazini American yesayenzi. Zvinyorwa zvake nokoko mu "American Academy of Arts uye Sciences", mu "National Academy of Sciences" iri Journal of dzokufungidzira Uzivi Popular Science Monthly. mabasa Scientific Charles Sanders Peirce mu masvomhu uye uzivi vari rakakamurwa muzvikamu zviviri: rakabudiswa muupenyu hwake uye pashure pokufa kwake.

Books Pierce muupenyu hwake

• Bhuku "The photometric zvidzidzo" 1878. 181-peji monograph pakushandisa spectrographic nzira yezvenyeredzi.
• Bhuku "Studies in Musoro pa Johns Hopkins '1883. Collection mabasa esayenzi akapedza vadzidzi uye vanachiremba, kusanganisira pachake, Charles Pierce, pasango pfungwa.

Main posthumous bhuku

Harvard University kubva wake Pierce magwaro akawanda pashure pokufa kwake (1914). Muhofisi yake akawana anenge 1650 unpublished zvinyorwa mune vanosvika 100 000 mapeji. First rakabudiswa Anthology rinoti nyaya Pierce aiva bhuku rimwe mavhoriyumu vanoda "Chance, Rudo uye Musoro:. Imwe rondedzero kwouzivi" Basa kudzokororwa, rakapepetwa Morris Raphael Cohen muna 1923. Vakazotanga kuonekwa uye mamwe anthologies uye mabhuku dzaiva 1940, 1957, 1958, 1972, 1994 uye 2009.

Vazhinji zvinyorwa Pierce watopiwa rakabudiswa, asi pane dzimwe nguva kuti havazivi chiedza shoma mapepa.

• 1931-58: "A muunganidzwa nyaya naCharles Sanders Peirce" muna 8 Mavhoriyamu. Heano vose basa rake nguva kubva 1860 kusvika 1913. Zvisinei, kupfuura zvakawanda uye zvibereko basa kutanga muna 1893. Pakutanga, nyaya havana muronga uye dzinosiyana kukura, saka mupepeti aifanira mumaoko zvakarurama mhando. Kubva pakutanga kusvika rechitanhatu vhoriyamu rakapepetwa Charles Hartshorne, uye wechinomwe uye wechisere - Arturom Burkom.
• 1975-87: "Charles Sanders Peirce: mupiro rudzi" - 4 mavhoriyamu. muunganidzwa ichi ane zvinopfuura 300 wongororo uye nyaya Pierce, iyo isina dzakabudiswa muupenyu hwake munguva kubvira 1869 kusvika 1908. Collection mapepa yesayenzi dzakabudiswa, rakapepetwa Kenneth Lane akangwara zvikuru uye James Edvarda Kuka.
• 1976 - chipo: "New Zvimwe zvinhu Mathematics naCharles S. Peirce" - 5 mavhoriyamu. Pano dzinobudiswa kupfuura zvibereko kushanda Pierce mu masvomhu. Wedzero - Kerolin Eyzele. Status chirongwa haana kure anoramba "mu kukura."
• 1977 - chipo: "rinopindura mibvunzo yeBhaibheri pakati Charles S. Peirce uye Viktoriey Uelbi kubva 1903 kusvika 1912-ndipo."
• 1982 - chipo: "Magwaro Charles S. Peirce - Chronological Edition". Chokutanga racho raiva bhuku muna 2010, asi basa rinoramba nhasi. rakabudiswa 6 Mavhoriyamu First kufukidza upenyu musayendisiti munguva kubvira 1859 kusvika 1889.
• 1985 - chipo: "Nhoroondo sayenzi maonero Pierce: nhoroondo sayenzi" - 2 mavhoriyamu. Edited Kerolin Eyzele.
• 1992 - chipo: "Hurukuro pamusoro pfungwa zvinhu" - hurukuro Professor Pier nokuda 1898 fung gore. Revision: Kenneth Lane Kinner akataura Hilary Putnam.
• 1992-98: Essential Peirce - 2 mavhoriyamu. Mienzaniso Zvinokosha mabasa youzivi Charles Pierce. Edited Nathan Hauser (1st vhoriyamu) uye Clausel Christian (2nd vhoriyamu).
• 1997 - chipo: "Pragmatism sezvo nheyo uye nzira pfungwa yakarurama." Pierce Collection hurukuro pamusoro Pragmatism paHarvard University muchimiro mabhuku mashoma yedzidzo. Wedzero: Patricia Ann Turis.
• 2010 - chipo: "Uzivi wemasvomhu: akasarudzwa Works." Exclusive, kare kumbobvira kubudiswa, basa Pierce pasango masvomhu. Revision: Metyu MUR.

The mupiro musayendisiti guru zvesayenzi

Charles S. Peirce akaita akatevedzana chinoshamisa matongo mune zvinenge zvisingarambiki, dzinokosha masvomhu. Uyewo, nyanzvi yokuAmerica ndiye muvambi wesangano pragmatism uye semiotics. Most basa rake kwesayenzi aikosheswa kusvikira afa. Scientist akafa musi 19 April 1914.