Kukarukureta kupisa exchanger: muenzaniso. Kukarukureta kwenzvimbo, simba kupisa exchanger

Kukarukureta kupisa exchanger zvino anotora zvishoma pane maminitsi mashanu. sangano Chero unobereka uye anotengesa midziyo yakadaro kazhinji anopa munhu wose muchiuto chirongwa chavo. Rinogona kutorwa pachena kubva Website kambani kana mukoti yavo vachauya kuhofisi yako uye dzishandise nayo for free. Zvisinei, somugumisiro Masvomhu kwakadaro kwakarurama, watingavimba naye uye kwete kuva akangwara kana kambani nokurwa norudo pamwe vakwikwidzi ayo? Vachiongorora zvemagetsi karukureta kunoda ruzivo kana kupfuura kunzwisisa nzira ano kukarukureta nokupisa exchangers. Ngatiedzei wofunga mashoko.

Chii chinonzi kupisa exchanger

Asati achiita dzemaitirwe kupisa exchanger, ngatirangarirei, uye rudzii zano rakadaro? Teplomassoobmennyh midziyo (aka kupisa exchanger, aizivikanwawo kupisa Exchange midziyo kana TOA) - zano kuti kuchinjwa kupisa mumwe coolant kune mumwe. Mukuita iri coolant tembiricha kuchinja Dzinochinjawo arambe achirema dzavo uye, naizvozvovo, vakawanda indices zvinhu. Ndokusaka pezvakaitwa dzakadaro dzinonzi kupisa uye vakawanda chinja.

mhando kupisa chinja

Ikozvino ngatitaurei pamusoro kupisa kutapurirana mhando - kune vatatu chete. Radiation - kuchinjwa chipiswe nemwaranzi. Somuenzaniso, tinogona kuyeuka sunbathing pamahombekombe musi yezhizha kudziya. Uye kunyange izvi kupisa exchangers anogona kuwanikwa pamisika (chubhu mhepo Heaters). Zvisinei, kazhinji kumba kudziyisa, makamuri mufurati tinotenga mafuta kana yemagetsi kudziyisa. Uyu ndiwo muenzaniso rumwe rudzi kupisa kuchinjirwa - convection. Convection haazoomerwi, involuntary (mushoma, uye mubhokisi vanofanira exchanger) kana zvokuimba ngarurege (ane kurudza Somuenzaniso). The ndewechiLatin zvakawanda inoshanda.

Zvisinei, nzira inonyatsobudirira nokupisa kuchinjirwa - ndiro chafariz conductivity, kana, sezvazvakanyorwa kunzi: conduction (conduction pamusoro Chirungu -. "Conductivity"). Chero injiniya ndiani abate chafariz kugadzirwa kupisa exchanger, kutanga kufunga sei kusarudza zvakanaka zvokushandisa mune zvishoma nzvimbo. Uye Anokwanisa kuzadzisa izvi conduction. Muenzaniso uyu ndiyo inonyatsobudirira zvevakomana TOA - ndiro kupisa exchangers. Plate TOA ne tsanangudzo - a kupisa exchanger kuti Transfers kupisa kubva coolant kune mumwe rusvingo rwaiparadzanisa pavo. Kufadza zvinogoneka kuonana nzvimbo pakati masvikiro vaviri pamwe nezvinhu vechokwadi vakasarudzwa, uye avo Profile ndiro ukobvu kukura vakasarudzwa kuti kuderedza Hardware apo kuchengetedza chepakutanga hwokugadzira zvatariswa hunodiwa kwacho.

mhando kupisa exchangers

Usati vaite kukarukureta kupisa exchanger takatsunga ne zvayo mhando. TOA All inogona rakakamurwa mapoka makuru maviri: rinoporesa uye rokuzvivandudza rakaita kuti irambe kupisa exchangers. Musiyano mukuru therebetween iri sezvinotevera: muna TOA rinoporesa kupisa Exchange kunoitika kuburikidza rusvingo rwaiparadzanisa mbiri kupisa svikiro, uye neZvapupu mumwe miviri rokuzvivandudza rakaita kuti irambe nhau, kazhinji rinoda unozotevera vaiitawo nekupatsanurwa chaihwo separators. Rokuzvivandudza rakaita kuti irambe kupisa exchangers akakamurwa kupisa exchangers nokusanganisira ane kamwene (mira chiitiko kana zvenguva). Nehasha kutaura, mugomo wemvura inopisa, ndokuisa kuchitonhora, kana girazi inopisa tii, kuisa dzaserera mufiriji (kumboita regai kuita!) - iyi muenzaniso vaiitawo TOA kwakadaro. A achidira tii cakes on the uye kutonhora yacho kuitira isu tiwane muenzaniso rokuzvivandudza rakaita kuti irambe kupisa exchanger pamwe kamwene (cakes on the, mune muenzaniso uyu kuridza kamwene chikamu), iyo kutanga navo pamwe ambient mhepo uye anotora tembiricha kwayo, uye ipapo anosarudza chikamu kupisa akadurura mariri inopisa tii kutsvaka zvose zvenhau zvinotungamirira chafariz zvakanyatsoenzana muoti. Zvisinei, sezvo isu kare akawanikwa rikurumidze kushandiswa chafariz conductivity uchatamisa kupisa chete svikiro mumwe, saka, zvikuru panyaya kupisa kuchinjirwa (uye zvikuru kushandiswa) TOA nhasi - Zvechokwadi, rinoporesa.

Thermal uye STRUCTURAL kukarukureta

Chero kukarukureta of rokuzvivandudza rakaita kuti irambe kupisa exchanger anogona kuitwa pachishandiswa migumisiro chafariz, hydraulic uye simba Masvomhu. Vane zvikuru, dzetsika dzemagariro magadzirirwe michina mitsva uye unyanzvi ndivo hwaro pakuverenga haizopereri yemashoko kwakadaro mano mutsetse. The chikuru basa pamusoro chafariz TOA kukarukureta ndiko kuona inodiwa kupisa Exchange pamusoro nzvimbo mudanga mudzimu kupisa exchanger uye kuramba zvinodiwa parameters zvenhau nzira yokubudisa. Kazhinji mu Masvomhu dzakadaro mainjiniya vanopiwa zvemasanga tsika nouremu maitiro ramangwana midziyo (zvinhu, dhayamita sepombi, ndiro, kukura, danda geometry, mhando uye zvinhu finning and said.), Zvisinei pashure kupisa ari yemanyorero kuitwa zvinovaka kukarukureta exchanger. Pashure pezvose, kana wokutanga danho injiniya vaiona zvakakodzera pamusoro nzvimbo kwenguva vakapiwa dhayamita mutopota Somuenzaniso, 60 neMM, uye kureba kupisa exchanger saka akatendeuka makumi matanhatu metres, zvine musoro kufunga kuchinja multistage kupisa exchanger kana kuti chubhu tsapo mhando, kana kuti kuwedzera dhayamita pakati sepombi.

hydraulic kukarukureta

Hydraulic kana hydro-zvemaziso uye aerodynamic Masvomhu anoitwa kuziva uye optimize hydraulic (aerodynamic) nevezera kurasikirwa pakupisa exchanger, uye kuverenga simba manwiro tizvikunde. Kukarukureta upi nzira, mugero kana nyere nokuda kudziyisa svikiro ndima anosangana nevanhu chepuraimari basa - kuwedzera kupisa Exchange rikurumidze pa nzvimbo. Ndiko, mumwe svikiro anofanira kupfuura, uye mumwe ari kuwana zvakawanda kupisa pa risingamboshandisi penguva yayo kosi. Kazhinji ichi kushandisa mamwe kupisa mukutsinhana pose ari muchimiro zenze hukawanika dzakabudirira (kuparadzana muganhu laminar sublayer uye kuwedzera chokubuda mhirizhonga). Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri nepakati ukama mu hydraulic nezvinhu, dzine kupisa Exchange pamusoro, uremu uye kukura unhu, uye akadzora kupisa goho ndiwo mugumisiro wacho uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. chafariz, hydraulic uye zvinovaka TOA kukarukureta.

vachiongorora kukarukureta

Verification kupisa exchanger rinoitwa mu nyaya apo zvakakodzera kuisa simba kuchengeterwa chero kupisa Exchange huri nharaunda. Pemvura kuchengeterwa nezvikonzero zvakasiyana uye mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana, kana kuti waiti nezvaiva reference, kana kambani anosarudza kuita mamwe kumucheto kuva chaizvoizvo nechokwadi chokuti Kupisa ichi vachasunungurwa pamusoro nehurumende, uye kuti kuderedza zvikanganiso zviri Masvomhu. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, Reservations zvinodiwa kuti rounding STRUCTURAL kukura kunoguma vamwe (evaporators, economizers) ari kuverenga pakati vachikwanisa kupisa exchanger iri zvikuru akasuma kumucheto pasi pamusoro compressor mafuta kusvibiswa aripo ari Refrigeration redunhu. Hongu, uye murombo mvura unhu zvinofanira kufungwa nezvazvo. Papera kanguva, ishande kupisa exchangers, kunyanya panguva yakakwirira tembiricha kuti the scum rinopedza pamusoro pemvura kupisa Exchange midziyo, achidzikisa kupisa kutapurirana coefficient, uye vanotozvikuvadza zvichitungamirira zvinoderedza parasitic pakupisa yasimuka. Naizvozvo ruzivo injiniya, mumwe kukarukureta kupisa exchanger "mvura-mvura", anonyatsoteerera kuti mamwe kuchengeterwa nokupisa Exchange pemvura. Vachiongorora kukarukureta uye kupedza kuti tione sei zvokushandisa vasanangurwa kushandira vamwe, yechipiri modes. Somuenzaniso, mune riri nechepakati mhepo conditioners (mhepo-zvitengeswa zvivako) Heaters kutanga uye chechipiri kudziyisa rinoshandiswa kuchitonhora mwaka, uye kazhinji dzinosanganisira chirimo nokuda kutonhora wedzerai mhepo dzichifura mvura inotonhora mumhepo kupisa exchanger chubhu. Sei vachava richishanda uye chii vachapa parameters kuti vaongorore inongoti kukarukureta.

tsvakurudzo inofungidzirwa

Research TOA Masvomhu kunze pahwaro migumisiro chafariz kukarukureta uye ongororo. Vane zvakakodzera, sezvo mutemo, kuti ichangobva yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kuti nemamiriro zvakagadzirirwa mudziyo. Vakapotsa akaita kururamisa chero equations akaitwa dzemaitirwe womuenzaniso chinozoiswa TOA akawana empirically (nokuti experimental Data). Achiita tsvakurudzo kunosanganisira kuverenga vemakumi uye dzimwe nguva mazana Masvomhu achishandisa zano rinokosha, akakudziridza uye rakatangwa muna pakuburitswa maererano kwemasvomhu dzidziso akaitwa kuedza. Maererano zvabuda anoratidza zvinoitwa ezvinhu akasiyana uye utano kwazvo pamusoro vaita zviratidzi TOA.

dzimwe Masvomhu

The kukarukureta kupisa exchanger nzvimbo, usakanganwa pamusoro nemishonga nezvinhu. Simba Masvomhu TOA anosanganisira kuongorora projected Unit nokuda voltage, torsional aida kufadza zvinobvumidzwa kushanda nguva kuti zvizere uye nodes zveramangwana kupisa exchanger. Shoma kukura chigadzirwa inofanira simba, yakatsiga uye nechokwadi dzakachengeteka kuvhiyiwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kunyange rinonetesa ezvinhu.

Dynamic kukarukureta rinoitwa kuona maitiro siyana kupisa exchanger pamusoro shanduka oparesheni modes.

Mhando kupisa exchanger Design

Rinoporesa TOA mu zvakagadzirwa inogona kupatsanurwa kuva zvakakwana vakawanda mapoka. Kupfuura kuzivikanwa uye zvikuru kushandiswa - ndiro kupisa exchanger, mhepo (Finned chubhu), goko uye chubhu kupisa exchangers "nyere mu mutopota", goko-uye-ndiro, uye vamwe. Pane zvakawanda kwazvo kushandiswa cup nemifananidzo, semuenzaniso, zononoka (cochlea-exchanger) kana itsvedzerere, izvo anoshanda viscous kana dzisiri Newtonian zvinwiwa, uye mamwe marudzi akawanda.

Heat exchanger "chubhu iri kumicheto"

Funga nyore kukarukureta kupisa exchanger "chubhu iri kumicheto". Zvayakaita, kwakadai TOA ari maximally nyore. Panguva nokutanga yomukati chubhu midziyo, kazhinji inopisa kupisa kuchinjirwa Urume kuderedza marwadzo, uye kupinda redzimba kana kuruvanze chubhu, kuti coolant kutonhora run. Engineer Task iyi nyaya kunoderedza kuti kutsunga nokureba kupisa exchanger pahwaro ari dzaona kupisa Exchange pamusoro nzvimbo uye zvakafanorongwa diameters.

Zvinokosha achiwedzera kuti zviri wethermodynamics roukama pfungwa yakanaka kupisa exchanger, kuti ndiye ane urefu Unit, uko coolants vashande pakaunda, uye pakati zvakazara akaparirwa tembiricha musiyano. Magadzirirwo "nyere mu mutopota" yepedyo asangana izvi zvinodiwa. Uye kana ukamhanya countercurrent kupisa kuchinjirwa zvinwiwa, zvichava vanonzi "pakaunda-chaihwo" (kusiyana muchinjikwa sezvakunoitwa ndiro TOA). Temperature nevezera zvinobudirira zvikuru akaparirwa apo sangano motokari. Zvisinei, kuita "nyere mu mutopota" kukarukureta kupisa exchanger zvinofanira kuva zvinokwanisika kwete kukanganwa pamusoro logistics chazvo, uyewo kudekara installation. evrofury kureba - 13.5 m, uye kwete zvose michina zvivako dzakashandisa skid uye kuisa midziyo urefu kwakadaro.

Shell uye chubhu kupisa exchangers

Saka, zviri chikamu kukarukureta ane mudziyo akadaro zvakanaka runoyerera kupinda kukarukureta kuti goko uye chubhu kupisa exchanger. midziyo iyi, sezvamakaropafadzwa chubhu tsapo iri nyaya chete (casing), okumavirira coolants siyana, zvichienderana kuenda michina. In capacitors Somuenzaniso, nenzira refrigerant bhachi, uye mvura - iri kumicheto. With nzira iyi motokari runyararo nyore uye rikurumidze kudzora kushanda chikwata. Munguva evaporators, Ukuwo, zviri refrigerant mamota iri sepombi uye vari yakashambidzwa dzaserera mvura (mvura, brines, glycols, etc.). Naizvozvo, dzemaitirwe-chubhu kupisa exchanger ipfupi kurerutsa midziyo saizi. Kutamba pamwe dhayamita ari casing, iyo dhayamita uye nhamba uye urefu yomukati mapaipi midziyo injiniya anopinda vakaverenga kukosha kupisa Exchange huri nharaunda.

mhepo kupisa exchangers

Chimwe ndicho nokure kupisa exchangers - a finned chubhu kupisa exchangers. Ndivo vakadanwa Coils. Apo havasi chete dzakachinja kubvira fancoils (kubva Chirungu. Fan coils +, i.e., "dzinoshandisa" + "coils") iri munyika kutigumbura akatsemura hurongwa kuti hofori flue gasi recuperator (pakusarudza kupisa inopisa flue gasi uye chinja kuti kudziyisa) mu boilers pa CHP. Ndokusaka kukarukureta pamusoro coils exchanger anoenderana chikumbiro, apo kupisa achipinda kushanda. Industrial mhepo No (VOPy) kuiswa mumakamuri vakakatyamadzwa nechando nyama, mune mafiriza yakaderera tembiricha zvimwe zvinhu zvokudya Refrigeration, zvinoda vamwe STRUCTURAL Mumagazini kugadzirwa yavo. Distance pakati lamella (zenze) anofanira maximized kuwedzera nguva dzamarudzi kushanda pakati defrost zvinogara. Vaporizers nokuti DCS (date centre), nekusiyana, chinoita kuti uwane tsindirana clamping mezhlamelnye mufambo kushoma. Zvisinei, kwakadaro kupisa exchangers vari kushanda mu "mapazi wakachena" takapoteredzwa Sefa yakanaka (kuna HEPA giredhi), kukarukureta ichi achaendeswa kubva tubular kupisa exchanger ane kumikidzo kurerutsa zvinonakisa miganhu.

ndiro kupisa exchangers

Pari kugadzikana kudiwa ndiro kupisa exchangers. Maererano chinovaka magadzirirwo ayo, dziri gasketed uye Semi-welded, uye mednopayanymi nikelpayanymi, welded uye brazed diffusion nzira (pasina solder). Thermal pamasikiro ndiro kupisa exchanger iri zvakakwana kuchinja uye kwete kunyanya kuoma injiniya. The kusarudzwa kwacho unogona kuridza mhando ndiro, migero yakadzika achiumba, zenze mhando, simbi ukobvu, zvakasiyana zvinhu uye, Chikurukuru - zhinji mwero saizi yemashoko mano inosiyana. Kwakadaro kupisa exchangers vakaderera uye yakafara (nokuti hwemvura kudziyisa mvura) kana mukuru uye yakamanikana (kuparadzana kupisa exchangers mhepo-kutonhodza hurongwa). Vari inowanzoshandiswa, uye svikiro ine danho kuchinja, kureva sezvo condensers, evaporators, chiutsi No, predkondensatorov uye zvichingodaro. D. Tiratidzei chafariz namaapuro kupisa exchanger kushanda pane muenzaniso biphasic, zvishoma kupfuura nokupisa exchanger ari "mvura-mvura", asi nokuda ruzivo injiniya dambudziko iri solvable uye haisi kwakandiomera. Kuti zviite Masvomhu aya ano ouinjiniya vagadziri vanoshandisa kombiyuta Database, apo unogona kuwana yakawanda zvakakodzera mashoko, kusanganisira danho dhayagiramu upi refrigerant chero zvitsidzo muoti Somuenzaniso, chirongwa CoolPack.

Kukarukureta Example exchanger

Chinangwa chikuru dzemaitirwe ari kuverenga pamusoro anodiwa kupisa Exchange huri nharaunda. Heat (Refrigeration) simba kakawanda raanotaura nezvaiva reference, asi muenzaniso yedu tichava overenga uye wake, nokuti, muti, cheki zvaidiwa Specification. Dzimwe zvangoitikawo kuti pakutanga Data anogona dzinobuda kukanganisa. Mumwe mabasa ane ruzivo injiniya - kukanganisa ichi kuwana uye kugadzirisa. Somuenzaniso, kuita kukarukureta ndiro kupisa exchanger of "mvura - mvura". Ngazvive munhu separator redunhu (kumanikidzwa mudariki) pamatunhu-vosimba chivakwa. Kuti tipedze kumanikidza midziyo, kuvakwa nhurikidzwa dzakawanda chaizvo unowanzoshandiswa nzira iyi. Kune rimwe divi kupisa exchanger vane mvura pasuo Tvh1 = 14 ᵒS uye mbudo Tvyh1 = 9 ᵒS, uye aibuda zvazvingava G1 = 14 500 makirogiramu / h, uye pamusoro mumwe - ndiyewo mvura, asi pano apa parameters: Tvh2 = 8 ᵒS, Tvyh2 ᵒS = 12, G2 = 18 125 makirogiramu / h.

Zvakafanira simba (Q0) ngaaverenge chafariz nepakati payakavakirwa (ona nhamba kumusoro, nzira 7.1 ..), Where CP - dzakananga chafariz vachikwanisa (tafura ukoshi). Nokuti nyore Masvomhu tsika idzi kutora kupisa vanokwanisa EOT = 4,187 [KJ / makirogiramu * ᵒS]. We funga:

Q1 = 14 500 * (14 - 9) * 4,187 = 303557,5 [KJ / h] = W = 84,3 84321,53 KW - musi wokutanga rutivi uye

Q2 = 18 125 * (12 - 8) * 4,187 = 303557,5 [KJ / h] = W = 84,3 84321,53 KW - kurutivi rwechipiri.

Cherechedza kuti, maererano payakavakirwa (7.1), Q0 = Q1 = Q2, zvisinei iyo divi kukarukureta kuitwa.

Uyezve, muna huru kupisa kutapurirana mukana wokuti vanhu vanga (7.2), tinowana zvakafanira pamusoro nzvimbo (7.2.1), apo k - kupisa kuchinjirwa coefficient (vaifungidzira akaenzana 6350 [W / ^m2]), uye ΔTsr.log. - zvinoreva-tembiricha musiyano, rinowanikwa nevanhu payakavakirwa (7,3):

? T sr.log. = (2 - 1) / Dr (2/1) = 1 / ln2 = 1 / 0,6931 = 1,4428;

F ndiye = 84321/6350 * 1.4428 = 9.2 mamita ^2.

In Kana apo kupisa kutapurirana coefficient hazvizivikanwi, dzemaitirwe iri zvishoma kupfuura kuoma ndiro kupisa exchanger. Formula (7.4) vanoonekwa Reynolds nhamba apo ρ - arambe achirema [makirogiramu / ^m3], η - guru viscosity, [N * S / m ^2], ndima - velocity of svikiro iri mutsinga dzinofamba nemukaka [m / S], D masendimita - wettable dzikapupurira dhayamita [mamita].

Kubva tafura tinotsvaka runodiwa ukoshi Prandtl [Pr], uye nzira (7.5), tawana Nusselt nhamba, apo n = 0,4 - imvura kudziyisa mamiriro, uye n = 0,3 - kutonhora mu mvura ezvinhu.

Uyezve, nzira (7.6) rinowanikwa kupisa kuchinjirwa coefficient kubva coolant kusvikira parusvingo mumwe, uye nzira (7,7) Vanzveri kupisa kuchinjirwa coefficient, riri kuchiiswa mu nzira (7.2.1) kuverenga kupisa Exchange pamusoro nharaunda.

Munguva pamusoro Masvomhu, λ - chafariz conduction coefficient, ϭ - pakukora kupa rusvingo, α1 uye α2 - Kupisa kuchinjwa coefficients nerimwe kupisa kutapurirana rusvingo.