Ko cosmonauts inopinda sei mudzimba mune imwe nzvimbo? Chigadzirwa chenguva yekugeza

Nyaya yacho inotaurira nezvekuti cosmonauts inopinda sei muimba yega uye inotora mvura, uyewo pane ipi inoshandiswa nzvimbo yekugadzirisa mvura nemvura uye chirongwa chemvura.

Space

Makore 55 akapfuura, izvo masayendisiti mazhinji akarota pamusoro pazvo akazadzikiswa - munhu akaita yekutanga ndege yendege, kubuda kunze kwemiganhu yenyika yedu.

Gare gare, paakava pachena kuti zvinobvira uye zvakakosha kuendesa zvivako zvitsvakurudzo pasi pepasi rose, masimba ese ematenga akatanga kusangana nekugadzirwa. Zvisinei, nemhaka yemari yakawanda yemishonga yakadaro, yakapedzwa chete neU.SA uye USSR. Uye gare gare ISS yakasikwa - iyo nzvimbo yepasi rose nzvimbo. Nokukurumidza iye achapemberera hupenyu hwemakore makumi maviri.

Asi ISS haina kurega kuva yekutanga nzvimbo yakagadzirwa kwenguva refu yekugara kwevanhu, izvo zvinoreva kuti zvine zvose zvakakosha kuti hupenyu hune hutano hwakanaka uye kuchengetedza mabasa avo anokosha, kusanganisira unhu hwehutano. Uye mubvunzo wakaoma unogona kuwanzonzwika kubva kune vanhu vasingazivi: zvipfeko zvinokwira sei mudzimba rega mune imwe nzvimbo? Tichataura pamusoro peizvi munyaya ino.

Utano

Iyi nhaurwa haigoni kuonekwa mumishumo pamusoro pevadzidzi, mafirimu emasayenzi kana mabhuku, uye kunyange fantastic. Mumabasa ekugadzira, kazhinji, kazhinji kusanzwisiswa kwemashoko kunotsvaga. Inowanzokwanisika kuwana mabhuku pamusoro pekuti vakunda vakashinga vekunze kubva mune ramangwana vari muhondo kana scientists spacesuits kwemaawa akawanda. Pasinei nekunakidza kwechinyorwa, nzvimbo yegadziri inzvimbo yakagadzirwa nehutoriki, chimiro uye chigadzirwa chakatangwa nemafungiro akanaka ekugadzira. Uye izvi hazvisi zvechimwe chinhu.

Chinhu chacho ndechokuti zvivako zvepabonde uye chikwata chisati chave kuziva kuti zvigadziriswe sei, uye dambudziko remakamuri echivako rakasimudza zvakanyanya mangwanani ekutsvaga nzvimbo. Mushure mezvose, pasina simba rekuvhenekera, mvura yakasvibiswa yemabasa evanhu inongopararira kumativi edzimba uye inogona kukonzera mativi maduku kana kuvhara mhepo inoparadzirwa.

Saka zvipfeko zvinokwira sei mudzimba rega mune imwe nzvimbo? Chaizvoizvo, zvinhu zvose zviri nyore. Zvimbudzi zvinogadzirirwa maererano nemuchina wekunatsa mudziyo-dongo rinotorwa mukati mekusava nemhepo yakamanikana uye inopinda muchirongwa chekudzorera. Asi funga nezvekushandisa kwavo mune zvakawanda.

Kugadziriswa kwezvivigiro zveSS

Bhatiro muchiteshi chechibvumirano chimbo chinokosha kwazvo, pane par air exchange systems kana thermoregulation. Kana ikakundikana, kushandiswa mberi kwechiremba hakuzoitiki. Ichokwadi, mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro haana kuitika, uye zvipfeko zvinorega dzimba dzomudziyo. Asi njodzi iripo pane kuti munzvimbo yacho haigoni kuzarura gorosi, kanda kunze kwose kunopisa uye kuvhara imba yacho kubva kunhuhwidza kusingafadzi. Saka ngationei mubvunzo wekuti vanogadzira mbatya vanoenda sei mudzimba rega mune imwe nzvimbo.

Kune dzimba zvitatu dzokugezera paIsS, uye mbiri dzadzo dzinoitwa muRussia. Midziyo yavo yekumbuzi yakakodzeri vashandi vechikwata zvevakadzi vose. Sezvatotaurwa, vanoshanda maererano nemuchenesa wekuchenesa, vachikwevera zvose zvinoshandiswa pakuchenesa uye nekudzivirira kuti vasafambidzana vachipoteredza nzvimbo dzesiteshi. Uye zvino zvigadzirwa zvebasa rinokosha zvinopinda mumhepo yekugadzirisa nzira, iyo inogamuchira kunwa uye mvura yehuchenjeri neoksijeni.

Zvechokwadi, chiyero chehutsanana-hygienic paISS uye mudziyo wechipfuva yacho yakasiyana zvikuru nenyika. Chokutanga pane zvose, kuvapo kwemakumbo anotsigira (kuitira kuti cosmonaut isati yaenda mangwanani-kare), pamwe chete nevadzidzisi vezviuno. Uye panzvimbo yemvura vanoshandisa chivharo, icho chinosvika mumarara ose. Mushure mekuchenesa, tsvina yakasara inounganidzwa mumiti yakakosha uye, sezvainozadza, inotamirwa kune imwe yezvikepe zvekutakura kuti iwedzere kurasa. Saka iye zvino tava kuziva kuti cosmonauts inopinda sei mudzimba. Asi zvakadini kana chikafu chinoda kuenda kuchimbudzi kana ari muchiteshi chengarava, uye kwete pachiteshi?

Spacecraft toilets

Iko kunotungamirirwa munzvimbo yechikepe uye kubatana kwayo neIS ibasa rakaoma kwazvo. Dzimwe nguva zvinodhaka zvinokonzera kugara mu roketi rakagadzirira kutanga kwenguva refu, uye nzira yekubatanidza nekugadzirisa inonoka kwemaawa akawanda. Zvinonzwisisika, hakuna munhu anokwanisa kukwanisa kutsungirira zvakanyanya asina kuenda mudzimba. Saka, zvisati zvatanga, zvipfeko zvinokonzera zvipfeko zvakasununguka pasi pezvikwata. Izvo zvakagadziriswa zvepatikiti ndezvokuti hazvina zvazvinobatsira kushandisa nzvimbo pakusikwa kwechipiri, kunyange chimbudzi chakareruka.

Kana zvakagadzirirwa kugara muareka kwenguva refu, sezvazvaiva mumakore ekutanga, apo nzvimbo dzemahotera dzakanga dzisipo, zvigadziriswe zvigadziri zvakashandiswa zvinoshandiswa - zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa nemaputi nemafuta emhando ye funals. Kushungurudzwa kwakaipa mukati mavo kunogadzira mhepo yemhepo, tsvina yakasimba inounganidzwa mumatehwe emarara, uye mvura inokandwa kunze kwechikepe.

Muchenjeri inoshambidzwa sei?

Pakutanga, vaongorori venzvimbo vakaita pasina mvura nzira. Vakashandisa wet wipes. Asi apo yekutanga nzvimbo dzezvitoro dzakavakwa ndokuiswa muhutenderedzwa, vose vakange vakashongedzerwa nemvura. Mhepo inoshandiswa mumhepo yakavharwa, uye zvakaoma kubvisa zvinonhuwira zvakasununguka, saka zvinodhaka zvinoda kuongorora hutsanana. Haisi iyo yekupedzisira iyo inotambidzwa nekunyaradza kwepfungwa - shure kwezvose, hapana anofarira kuva asina kuchena. Saka zvisikwa zvakasikwa zvinoshambidzwa sei?

Hapana hosha yakatsaurwa mune zviteshi, uye kunyanya zvakadaro pazvikepe. Hungu, uye tsika dzakaratidza kuti kuvaka kwavo hakubatsiri. Nokushamba, shamhu inokosha yakasvibiswa, shamhu yakadzika uye mvura inoshandiswa inoshandiswa. Nemhaka yekutengesa kwepasi, yakanyatsosimbiswa pamitumbi yevanhu, uye iyo inongoputirwa nemashira. Zvechokwadi, izvi hazvigone kuenzaniswa nemvura chaiye, asi zvakadaro nzira iyi inoshanda zvakanaka kubata nemasikirwo emuviri wemuviri.

Skylab

Ichi chiteshi chenguva chakanga chiri mumakwikwi anenge makore matanhatu, ndokubva yatumirwa nevashandi kuenda kumhepo yePasi, uko yaipisa zvakachengeteka. Ichokwadi, kwete zvachose, uye zvimwe zvezvikamu zvaro zvichisvika pamusoro. Uye chigaro ichi chinozivikanwa nokuda kwehuwandu hwayo nzvimbo isina mahwanda uye howa.

Nzvimbo yemazuva ano inzvimbo nzvimbo iyo nzvimbo dzose dzekona dzisina kushandiswa dzinoshandiswa. Asi "Skylab" yakasiyana nehumukati hwayo. Vakanga vakadaro zvokuti vagadziri venguva paya kubhadhara vakangoerekana vachibhururuka kubva kune rumwe rusvingo kuenda kune rumwe uye kazhinji vakaona kuti pakanga pane zvakawanda zvakawanda zvepachena mukati. Yaiva pachiteshi ichi kuti kwaiva nemvura, zvisikwa, zvemazuva ano nokuda kwemamiriro ekusavapo kwemhepo.

"Nyika"

Mvura iyi yaive yakawanikwawo kuMirasi. Asi nzvimbo yemazuva ano yeS ISS haina yavo, nokuti kutora mvura muhombodo haisi chinhu chimwe chete semvura nzira dziri pasi pano. Nzira yacho yakanyanya kunonoka nemhaka yezvinetso zvakasiyana-siyana, uye cosmonauts haisati yashandisa chigadzirwa, kusarudza kupukuta nemadonzvo emvura. Mukuwedzera, hapana tsvina pachiteshi, uye naizvozvo ganda rinosvibiswa zvishoma kudarika pasi.

Matambudziko edzimbudzi eU.SA neUSSR

Zita rokutanga mune cosmonaut munhoroondo yevanhu zvichida munhu wese anoziva. Asi zita rechipiri harisi kuzivikanwa kune vose. Vaiva America Alan Shepard. Uye matambudziko echikwata chekutanga wevatipikisana vedu mumusasa wepakati akatanga musi waMay 5, 1961, asati atanga rocket neShepard.

Alan, uyo panguva iyoyo akanga ari mukana wenguva inopfuura maawa masere, akaudza muenzi wacho kuti aida chaizvo kushanyira chimbuzi. Asi kuzovhiringidza kugadzirira kwekugadzwa, kuisa kuzvikepe chirongwe chekuchengetedza, uye zvakare zvakare zvakanga zvisingakwanisi kugadzirira. Mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro aizotungamirira kurufambiso rwomhanya. Somugumisiro, Shepard aifanira kutarisana nechingwa chiduku zvakananga mumusana. Injiniya dzaityisa kuti izvi zvaizotungamirira kune pfupi pfupi uye kukundikana kwema telemeter sensors akawanda, asi nerufaro nemufaro zvose zvakazobuda.

Asi Gagarin ainge aenda kunoronga zviri nani. Uye kunyange zvazvo yakapedza maminitsi 108 chete, ngarava yake yakanga yakagadzirirwa mudziyo wechipfuva chaiyo nenzira yezvigadziriswa hoses nemafuta, uko kusvibiswa kwakadyiwa. Ichokwadi, hazvizivikanwe kana Gagarin akazvitorera.

Mhedziso

Sezvaunogona kuona, nzvimbo yegungwa inzvimbo yakakosha zvikuru, pasina izvo zvingave zvisingakwanisi kutsvaga kutsvakurudza ivhu pahupenyu hwepasi. Pasinei neinoita sezviri nyore, mari yakawanda yakashandiswa pakugadzirisa kwavo nekugadzirisa. Somuenzaniso, chimbuzi, icho vaAmerica vakaraira kuti chikamu che ISS chibva kuRussia, chakabhadhara $ 19 mamiriyoni. Zvakanaka, panguva yekubuda kwekunze vanhu vanomanikidzwa kushandisa mahara, sezvo dzimwe nguva vachiita kunze kwezvikepe kana ISS yakatambanudzwa kwemaawa akawanda.

Uye ngatiyeukei mashoko asingatauriki, izvo zvinokonzerwa nemakorokota zvinoshamisika vatapi venhau vasina kufanira: zvose zvinoshandiswa basa rinokosha zvinopinda muhurongwa hwekudzoka, apo mvura uye oksijeni zvinogadzirwa kubva kwavari kuti zviwedzere kushandiswa. Asi chero basa ripi zvaro rakakomba rinoda kuzvipira, uye cosmonauts vakagadzirira kuenda kuhurefu hwakakura kuti vaone zviratidzo zvavo.