Kudzidzisa kwakanyatsonaka sechimiro chinokosha chevatungamiri vemagetsi emagetsi

Kufambisa kwemazuva emagetsi mumitungamiri hazvibvumirwi pamwe chete nekuita kweimwe simba remuviri rinopesana nekufamba uku. Kubva pakuona kweatomic-molecular theory of the structure of the matter, the basis of this phenomenon lies in the fact that charged electrons collates with atoms that form the material of the conductor during their movement.

Sezvo migumisiro yeongororo dzakawanda inoratidzira, nhamba yehutachiona hwakadaro yakabatana zvakananga nekukwanisa kwezvinhu kuti apfuure ikozvino magetsi kuburikidza neyo pachayo nekurasikirwa kwakanyanya. Saizvozvowo, kushandiswa kunoitwa nemashoko emuitungamiri kuburikidza nemafuta emagetsi achipfuura nepakati, yakanzi mu physics "kushandiswa kwemagetsi komutungamiriri."

Kurwisana kunowirirana maererano nemhepo uye inversely yakaenzana kusvika kune simba riripo. Maererano nedzimwe nyika yenhengo dzezviyero zvekuyera, inotsanangurwa netsamba R uye inoyerwa mu Ohms.

Panguva imwecheteyo, kazhinji nekugadzirwa kwemamwe zvinhu, kukosha hakusi kunyatsoita kuti mutungamiri anoramba kushandiswa kwemajini emvura kuburikidza naro, asi kuti yakawanda sei inokwanisa kutakura ikozvino. Iko pfungwa, iyo inopesana nekugadzirisa magetsi, ndiyo inotungamirira.

Kunyatsokonzera magetsi, inoshandiswa mufizikiki, inoratidzira kukwanisa kwemuviri kuti uve mutungamiriri wemagetsi emagetsi. Nhamba yepamusoro, iyo conductivity ndiyo inowanikwa ye resistivity. Inotsanangurwa netsamba γ uye inoyerwa maererano nemam / ohm mm2 kana mu simens / mamita.

Maererano nemutemo wekutanga weunyanzvi hwemagetsi - mutemo weOmm - kukosha kwehutano hwakanaka hunoratidza kusabatana pakati pehuwandu hwemazuva ano hunowanikwa mune imwe mudzidzisi uye nhamba yehuwandu yemagetsi inowanikwa mune iyi kana iyo iri mukati. Zvisinei, iyi inzvimbo inoshanda chete nokuda kwemasvikiro akafanana, mune zvisiri izvo zvisingaenzaniswi kuti conductivity chaiyo haisi chimwe chinhu kunze kwechirwere.

Nezvesimbi, iyo yakanyanya kunyanya kuitisa ishuti inoita seyesirivha nemhangura. Izvi zvinokonzerwa zvikuru nemarongerwo edzidziso ye crystal lattices, iyo inoita kuti zvibvirire kufamba nyore nyore kutengesa zvikamu (electrons neoni).

Izvo zvakasikwa kuti masimbi akachena ane unhu hupamusoro kupfuura hurosi, saka, mumabhizimisi, nekuda kwegetsi, vanoedza kushandisa huwandu hwemhangura yakachena nechinhu chakakanganiswa chinenge chisingapfuuri 0.05%. Nenzira iyo, conductivity yemhangura ndeye 58.5 kuenzanisa / mm ^ 2, iyo yakareba zvikuru kupfuura yakawanda yeimwe simbi.

Mukuwedzera kune zvigadzirwa zvesimbi, vatungamiri vanobva kune zvisiri zvesimbi, iyo yakajairika yakawanda iyo yakazara nemari, vakawana kushandiswa kwakawanda mumhizha uye hupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kubva pazviri, kunyanya, mabhurusi anokosha anogadzirwa nemagetsi emagetsi, electrodes anoshandiswa mukutsvaga, nezvimwewo.