Kukurukura mhosva nematare neimwe kuitira. A unokosha nzira nokuda nokuongorora tsotsi nyaya

The epamba muparamende, kuedza kutsigira zvakarurama kosi pakurwisa mhosva pamusoro upfumi nesimba, nguva uye pfuma, revatema mune Maitiro mutemo unokosha nzira nokuda kuitwa mutongo , akapa kuti yomupomerwi anobvuma zvaaipomerwa.

A chaiyo nzira: pfungwa uye chaizvo

Uyu chaiwo, zvakananga kugadzira, kuitika yokutanga dare Somuenzaniso. Ndiwo chaiwo pamutemo ukama uye mabasa ose nhengo dzayo, pamwe vaitungamirira uye kusarudza basa munyika kana dare yoruwa kumisa kuvapo kana kusavapo yepamutemo uye ndeechokwadi hwaro kuti vachawanikwa nemhosva yokuita mhosva imwe mukwirirwi muna rokudimburira munzira matare kuongorora nzira uye kuitwa dzimwe sarudzo .

Sezvingatarisirwa, zvinoitwa kuti ane muitiro nokuda kwacho, akapa nomutemo vatiitire kwete chete kune muitiro roruvanze, asiwo padariro rokutanga kuongorora. Mune mamwe mashoko anoratidza kuti huru mabasa akatumirwa vaiona kugadzirwa ndeinotevera:

• anoitwa hunhu enyaya kubudikidza raanotaura zvakananga mutemo mhosva;
• kumhanyisa kuti vasaenderera mberi pakutonga zvokukura kugadzirwa, pashure hofisi mhosva nyaya muchuchisi wacho aireva Court;
• rutapudzo pokuwanda kwebasa pamusoro vatongi venyika uye matare muruwa.

Absolutely zvisingagamuchirwi kushandisa muitiro nezvakatongwa uongororwe mhosva pasi chaiwo ezvinhu, apo mhosva munhu muduku kana mupfungwa sagona.

Chikonzero pokushandisa rinokosha kurongeka

Criminal Procedure Code of Russian Federation iri ndima Chikamu 314 rokutanga anopa kurudyi kupomerwa, kana mvumo rechipfuwo uye muchuchisi (pachena kana muchivande) panyaya, kuzivisa chibvumirano zvaaipomerwa uye kukumbira kuti mutongo pasina kuita kutongwa . Pachirehwa chete kune kudarika uyo chirango weCriminal Code haadi kusapfuudza mumakore gumi mujeri.

The chikonzero chisarudzo imwe tsotsi mhosva nokuda rimwe mutongi kana pamwe neimwe kuitira yakakwana uchapupu kuzosimbisa kururama kwemashoko mhosva. Izvi zvisina kunanga kwechokwadi mutongi nenguva issuance yacho mutongo. Zvibude pakugumisa kuti kupomera mhosva, iyo mukwirirwi anobvuma nomutemo uye noumboo, kuti rine vasaenderera mberi (Article 316 CCP).

Kushanda rinokosha kuti: mamiriro

1. Aikumbira nyaya ne mhosva pamusoro sungano mukutonga, izvo akauya, anofanira kuva pamutemo.
2. The kupomerwa vanofanira (kana achida) kuti ikwidzwe chikumbiro vachikumbira mutongo pasina mutongo enyaya pamberi pedare, pamberi zano. The muparamende zvakare asimbisa kuti iyi inokosha nguva (Article 315 Code pakati Criminal Procedure), kureva panguva apo pane familiarization pamwe zvinhu ari tsotsi nyaya kana panguva rokutanga kunzwa, mune zviitiko apo zviri fanira.
3. 3Litso, uyo ari kupomerwa mhosva anofanira kuziva hunhu uye zvichiita nemigumisiro chikumbiro chake kana pachava chaiyo nzira nokuda pokushandisa kutongwa.
4. Private kana voruzhinji mumiririri mukutonga vanofanira kubvumirana varege kutaura zvaaitaura.
5. Izwi mujeri nokuda mhosva, basa iro munhu mhosva haafaniri kupfuudza makore gumi.
6. Zvine hunhu kupomerwa uye asimbise uchapupu inounganidzwa panyaya.
7. Munhu anofanira kunzwisisa musimboti wenyika chokumupomera uye anobvumirana naye zvachose, mumwe nomumwe "tsamba" iri kupomera mhosva.
8. Panofanira kuva chikonzero kudzingwa yacho.

Nerevane Kukurukura mhosva nyaya: murayiro gadziriro

Criminal Law Judge, izvo nyaya chikumbiro, anofanira kugutsikana kuti ari kupomerwa yaiva anonyatsoziva hunhu uye zvazviri, uye migumisiro chikumbiro chake, uye kuti zvaiitwa musi chokuzvidira hwaro uye chete pashure risati kubvunza nezano . nyaya idzi inozviisa pakagadzwa mubishi yokugadzirira kutongwa.

Chikumbiro kubvuma chaizvo nzira nokuti kutongwa haasi tichisunga ruvanze. Kana vakaona kuti mutemo vakakanganisa kutenderwa zvinodiwa pakunamata chikumbiro pamusoro ichi kana kuti anoratidza akuvara kana muchuchisi (pachena kana muchivande), izvozvo ucharambwa. Dare Saka anogona basa kutongwa zvarwo, zvakajairika.

Ruvanze Purogiramu: zvinofanira

Kukurukura mhosva nematare neimwe kuitira iri nokudzorwa Article 316 Code pamusoro Criminal Procedure. Asi zvinokosha kuyeuka zvimwe zvinhu. Murayiro hazvirevi zvakajeka mitemo pamusoro Kuronga dare, ndiani kuitisa zvekufamba. Kubva pfungwa nemaonero dzidziso ingangodaro kuti kupomerwa akati zvikumbiro zviviri. The chikumbiro chokutanga kudzokorora nenzira chaiyo, uye wechipiri - pamusoro seboka vachinzwa, rine vatongi vatatu yeUnited, sapamazuva maitiro sezvamunoita wakadaro ndiye anozviita iri chisarudzo mhosva zviitiko zvakakomba mhosva kana zvakakura chaizvo (ndima wechitatu 2 Chikamu 31 roMutemo Criminal Procedure ). Asi chaizvoizvo, mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro hadziwanzowaniki. Kukurukura mhosva nematare neimwe kuti anogona kushandiswa maererano chikamu Chikamu 31 roMutemo Criminal Procedure vehurumende vokutanga.

Purogiramu dare chaiitirwa mune nzira inosidzikwa muruvazhe wokutanga Somuenzaniso nokuda nehanya uye kwemupfungwa ane mhosva mhosva, kureva, vakawanda, kuwedzera dzinoverengeka zvinhu. Chokutanga, muite uye zvakafanira kutora chikamu chezvinhu mhosva uye zano rake kana gweta. Panyaya iyi, kwete kutonga, iro hwakagara Criminal Procedure Code of Russian Federation mu pechechina nyaya 247. Inoti nezvomukana kubata kunzwa vanenge svikiro kana giravhiti diki pasina kutora chikamu ari kupomerwa mhosva kana rwake rwakanga yakataurwa chikumbiro. Kuva nechokwadi kuti kutora chikamu hwevatambi kana veruzhinji muchuchisi, agozviratidza pakutanga uye inodaro mhosva mhosva.

Uyezve, dare akabvunzurudzwa yomupomerwi tichitarisa Kujeka zvaari kupomerwa, vake mvumo kwairi. Bvunza mubvunzo pamusoro tiine kare yakazivisa chikumbiro. Kana inopiwa ne pamberi akuvara, akabvunza mubvunzo iwoyo. In asipo, mutongi anofanira nechokwadi kuti akaziviswa kuti apo ichaitwa muedzo (Code pamusoro Criminal Procedure), kureva nguva, nzvimbo, uye pasina anodudzira rwake pamusoro chikumbiro, yomupomerwi aizviti.

Pasi nzira iyi, kudzidza mukuru nemitemo nzira dzakarurama haina kuitwa. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa chete pamusoro mamiriro ezvinhu kuti ape pfungwa ndiani mukwirirwi, uyewo sembura kana mitigating chirango. Chokwadi chokuti akabvumirana mukutonga kuti akauya, kwete kuudza dare mhosva mhosva uye huri mairi, akadzidza zvishoma kunyatsotevera.

Chirevo uye chikumbiro chake

The nemhosva mutongo anofanira vakapfuura chete kana mutongi ane yakasimba rwomumwoyo mukuda yomupomerwi mhosva. Hazvifaniri kuva kusina, uye uchiratidza kuti tinyatsonzwisisa uchapupu huri tsotsi nyaya. Kukurukura mhosva nematare ari yakananga kuti kunoita manyoro mvumo haagoni kupfuudza-zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu kufadza rokuti kupfuura chirango chakakomba, riri yakaiswa Criminal Code nokuda mhosva.

A nechivimbo muna kunorondedzera uye chido chikamu vanofanira zvine mutsara chokwadi uye chiratidzo tsotsi kurwisa mhosva nokuita izvozvo, umo mukwirirwi akapa mvumo yake, uyewo okupedzisira ndezvipi hworuvazhe aurayiwe okuti nezvechisarudzo yaro kwadzinoita anotongwa chinokosha kuti. Analysis uyu uchapupu wayo kupima havasi zvinoratidzwa.

Ari musungwa anekodzero kukwidza mhosva chivimbo pamusoro nyaya, kunze nechigadziko, akasarudzwa mundima ine nyaya 379 Code pakati Criminal Procedure yokutanga (yakataurwa mutongo wedare racho zvakawanwa, chokwadi hakurevi dzinoenderana ezvinhu mhosva nyaya).

Zvinoita kusarudza zvimwe

Kukurukura mhosva nematare nenzira chaiyo inopa kuti mutongo, izvo maererano mukuru mitemo mhosva. Asi panguva imwe chete, mune rechi40 chitsauko Criminal Procedure Code of Russian Federation hapana mitemo kuti kurambidza kutora zvimwe zvisarudzo. Zvisinei, kana usiri mutemo kuongorora uchapupu uye ezvinhu nyaya (zvomene) havana kushanduka. Somuenzaniso, ndiko chisarudzo kuchinja kodzero yacho mhosva (chete nenzira Kumurerutsira), kugumiswa vasaenderera mberi nokuda yapfuura yacho kukamurwa nguva, kuchinja nemutadzi mutemo, pamwe akuvara, kuti ruregero chiito kana kukundikana ruzhinji Muchuchisi kupomerwa rokuyananisa.

Kana uchida kudzidza uchapupu chisarudzo pamusoro kanganwiro, mutongi vachabva chisarudzo sei kumisa kugadzirwa nemutadzi nyaya yakananga kuitira uye ibasa nayo nokuongorora zvavo mitemo.

Kuguma pamwe chibvumirano (pre-kutongwa)

Izvi zvinoreva chinokosha chibvumirano pakati mupomerwi uye kusunga mapato umo vanobvuma pamusoro ezvinhu basa iri kupomerwa (fungira), zvichienderana nezviito zvavo mushure nguva apo chichange nokupomerwa kana kupomerwa. Maererano Criminal Procedure Law, chikumbiro kukumbira kuti kupedza pamwe chibvumirano (pre-kutongwa) rinopa fungira (kana kupomerwa), nguva dzose pane kunyora kuhofisi muchuchisi akasaina ne zano kana gweta. Rinogona kudonongodzwa mune izwi pakutanga musi kusungwawo, uye kusvikira panguva apo zvichaitwa zvakaziviswa pamusoro okuguma rokutanga kuferefeta. Zvinofanira kusanganisira kutungamirirwa pane zvakaitwa mhosva kana fungira anobvuma kuti zviite kuongorora zviri mhosva, achifumura dzimwe pakuuraya, yokuronda yakarasika pfuma. Attorney achadzokorora kushanda mukati nenguva isingadariki mazuva matatu, uye ipapo anoita sarudzo iri tendero kana kurambwa.

The rokutanga kuongorora rinoitwa zvinoenderana Code pamusoro Criminal Procedure (zvitsauko 22-27 uye 30) pamwe nokurondedzerwa kusimuka Article 317,4. Pashure kuguma mhosva nyaya zvaitambidzwa muchuchisi, uyo, pamwe kupomera mhosva inoita mufananidzo. Mukupera, anotaura pamusoro chokupika mitoro kubudikidza kupomerwa kuti akatora pamusoro.

Mushure nyaya inoenda kudare, pamwe mufananidzo (ndiko kuti chikonzero, maererano Code pakati Criminal Procedure, Article 317.6), mubvunzo kana kuti kumisa rinokosha muitiro kukurukura nemutadzi mhosva.

Problem chaiwo hurongwa enyaya

1. Nebumbiro kudzivirira kodzero uye zvinodiwa zvose zvinobatanidzwa nedanho nemutadzi nyaya vanhu pasi Maitiro nzira kuderedza, izvo anoshandiswa kumisa zvakamira mhosva yakakumikidzwa.
2. Sound uye pamutemo chirango munhu abvume mhosva yake, dare iri nyaya hazvirevi chigaro pakarepo ezvinhu mhosva.
3. A chinokosha rutapudzo tichitarisa kudzokorora uye kuongorora yacho.
4. Zvinoderedza nguva vachichengetwa panyaya kushanda ichi chipimo yomupomerwi.

A zvikuru kwazvo uye zvakaoma ongororo dzamavanze zvakaoma, voluminous mhosva pamusoro izvo application hakubvumirwi "rinokosha kuti" nzira yakafanira kuti pave uye nokukurumidza kugarwa nyaya vaiona muchikwata.

Zvinobatsira zvine chokuita "rinokosha kuti"

Sezvo chinoshamisa zvingaita sezvinoshamisa, asi kwete zvakanyanya. Wokutanga uye chinonyanya kukosha - ndechokuti ari kupomerwa, kana akabvuma mhosva, vanokwanisa kuderedza dambudziko ravo kupfuura 1/3 zvikuru kwazvo chirango akagovera nyaya iri iyo akodzere mhosva. Somuenzaniso, kana iwe vakapara mhosva, yokumusoro panogumira iyo 6 makore mutirongo, ipapo "rinokosha kuti" kunonyanyisa nguva haangavi anopfuura makore 4. The ndinoiitawo rechipiri - nokukurumidza kuzviongorora nyaya mudare, izvozvo huve nyore, zvinoderedza nguva nemutadzi nyaya, uyewo kuita zvakawanda zvinokosha nguva mukurima dzimwe zvokukura nemutadzi muitiro. Uye mukana wechitatu (nokuti state) - kuzoponesa Maitiro uye zvinhu zvedu.

zvinhu zvisingafadzi

• Chekutanga, ndinobvumirana zvakakwana zvose chinopiwa zvizere, tsamba nerimwe kupomera mhosva. Chete zvino zvinoita kuti vakaedza mukati "chaiyo kuti".
• Chechipiri, kana munhu asiri maererano kutendiswa, zvino haana kodzero kukumbira vari Pakuurayiwa chaiko ezvinhu yacho. Nemamwe mashoko, mhosva munhu havazokwanisi kuratidza haana kupara mhosva. Appeal anogona chete kuva chero kutyora munhu Maitiro hunhu chakaitwa nedare, uyewo kwokuomerwa mutongo, dzichishandisa kusaruramisira kwake.
• Uye, Chechitatu, zvizere pamutemo mhosva hazvirevi sungano vehurumende chiito, kana akanga tikashumira. Kana uchibvuma naye nenzira chaiyo, haizopereri chokunyunyutira matongero ari vasingabvumirani pamusoro mukwiriri kwokuti parinorambwa.

Chero zvazvingava, tinofanira kuyeuka kuti nzira iyi, kumanikidza pasi chikumbiro haana kutenderwa. Izvi evasingatombonamati chokuzvidira mashandiro.

Tsika kushandisa muedzo mukati rinokosha kuti haisi itsva uye iri kushandiswa munyika, somuenzaniso muna USA, Israel, India, uye dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope. MuRussia, vaakadzidzisa panongova yapfuura, muna 2009. Sei zita Criminal Law Institute, ane tarisiro zvikuru zvakanaka, asi chokwadi, zvinoda pakuzadzisa uye kuvandudzika.