Gamba of Soviet Union Polina Denisovna Osipenko: Biography, kubudirira, mibayiro uye mafaro zvinhu

Polina Denisovna Osipenko ndomumwe mashoma hadzi vamiririri vakanga paakavapa musoro Hero of Soviet Union. Iyo akawana rukudzo mukadzi uyu? Izvi zvichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Uduku uye kuyaruka

Chii unofadza Biography anotiudza? Polina Osipenko akaberekwa musi October 8, 1907 mumusha Novospasovka. Mumhuri, apo akakura, wakabvisa vana vasere, kunze akazviputira, sezvo musoro wemhuri yakanga zvake mushandi, saka mari zvakanaka mhuri aigona chete kufungidzira. chinhu ichi haana kubvumira musikana chete-achida kuwana vakawanda dzidzo yakanaka - iye kudzidza makirasi maviri chete pachikoro kereke. Kuti abatsire mhuri kubuda yakaoma mamiriro ezvemari, musikana aifanira kutanga kushanda pane muduku chaizvo. Kwekanguva aishanda ari nanny, uye akazova wepapurazi.

Basa uye nokudzidziswa

Pashure pokuchinja, Osipenko Polina Denisovna tamboshanda yehuku purazi, apo paiva kusangana yake yokutanga pamwe hope kudenga uye kukwirira. Yomunharaunda munda yacho ndege, iyo inotongwa musikana. Yakanga mufananidzo wake, uye akashandisa hwomoyo emakore maviri uye akava muenzaniso Polina, hope.

Parallel kuna Polina Denisovna Osipenko aidzidzira pane imwe yunivhesiti rokudzidzisa manheru kushanyirwa, uye muna 1929 kudzidza kosi nenzira "murayiridzi aidzidzisa kurongwa yehuku." Iye anomira nokuda basa rayo nesimba uye unyanzvi, saka pashure pfupi nguva akava musoro mupurazi rehurumende yehuku purazi.

Muchato heroine wayo kukosha pakusarudzwa hwake

1926 akanga akasarudzwa muchato. sarudzo yake akava mutyairi emauto midziyo Stepan Govyaz, vaigara naye chete musha. Ndiye akagadzira musikana kuti vawane dzidzo pachikoro ainzi pashure Myasnikov muchiuto wezwi, chikuru specialization izvo zvakanga dzidzo uye kudzidzisa vezvikepe.

Zvinosuruvarisa Polina Denisovna Osipenko, Biography chinopiwa kuna dzako munyaya, handina kukwanisa kuenda kuchikoro ichi nguva yokutanga. Kuti nguva kuongorora ndege uye kuedza kuti zvinangwa zvavo, iye akaenda kunoshanda yokudyira, riri pana chivako ichi. In masangano, paiva chikonzero zvakawanda kudzidzisa, apo zvakanga zvakakodzera kuunza zvokudya. Takawirirana kuti kune "aviamashine" U-2. Mune Implementation kuti kutiza Data vezvikepe kubvira nguva nenguva akabvumira Polina "kuti kumonyanisa mudhiraivho." Saka, iye vakatora yaro yokutanga ndege zvakanaka unyanzvi.

The pakuunganidza unyanzvi itsva piloting chete namabasa anoda denga Woman. Chido Nhunzi haana kupa rugare wake rwepfungwa. In Vachitsvaka hope dzake zvakare uye zvakare nyaya utungamiriri muzvikoro mutyairi ane chikumbiro kuti kubvuma kuhondo vadzidzi ayo. Nokuda kwayo kutsungirira uye nenguva kurapwa K. E. Voroshilovu, uyo akanga asvika panguva iyoyo kwavari, Asipenka vachiri kubudirira zvakanaka mugumisiro - akamutora kuchikoro.

Budiriro pakutevedzera kurota ikaparara kuparadzana Pauline nomurume wake. Akanga atumwa Rostov nharaunda uye kune vaidzvinyirirwa.

Records uye zvakapembererwa

1933 Kunoonekwa muupenyu Pauline Osipenko kuguma rechiuto mutyairi wendege chikoro. Mugore iroro riri yakatumwa yemauto zvinobhururuka vezvikwata muna Kharkov, uko akakwanisa kuratidza kwaniso dzavo dzose. Kukwanisa kwaro kudzora ndege akashamiswa uye wakafadzwa vose, saka nokuda 1935 atova mukuru. Rudo kudenga uye ndege haina kumisa musikana ikoko. Nokukurumidza Polina hwakatamisirwa Moscow wedunhu rechiuto, uye ipapo akazova wezvikoro of Air Force panguva General Staff.

Izvi zvakapembererwa seromukadzi asingatyi akatanga kuita muna 1937. Mugore rimwe iye akakwanisa kutyora zvinyorwa zvinoverengeka nyika-urefu chikwidzo ndege. Kutanga, akakurira kure pamusoro 6 Th. M, nhoroondo nemhaka vezvikepe vaibva Italy Negron. Mumazuva May 1937 aviator yakasvika 9 zviuru. M nenagruzhonnom ndege. Mazuva maviri gare gare Asipenka akaita kubudirira kwenyika-mukirasi, achitarisa kubva pasi 7 ndipo. M ane mutoro, kurema kwayo kwakanga 1 tani.

Zvaakanga akadzima migumisiro iri kuwedzera urefu, Osipenko Polina Denisovna - hadzi mutyairi wendege - atanga kukurira soro daro Flights pamusoro refu zvikamu. Uye kare muna 1938, vashandi vemo zvakashamisa Asipenka tarenda ndege kure rekodhi kuti namahwindo munyonga. Panguva iyoyowo, Kliment Voroshilov yaibvumira uye akatora vashandi kuti kutiza kure Polina Osipenko kubva kurutivi rwezasi kusvikira kurutivi rwokumusoro. Co-mutyairi akava Vera Lomako uye aidzidzisa Marina Raskova. Zviri muchikamu ichi mukadzi, uye akaita Feat chikuru kukurira mugumisiro dzakakwirira refu kutiza zvakananga. Kwemaawa anopfuura gumi, ane mutoro 5.5 matani, vayambuka chinhambwe 2372? Km.

Kukunda inoenda East Far

Inotevedzera umhare budiriro yose Polina Osipenko vaiona kubhururuka kuna Far East, idzo musikana akapiwa zita mutyairi wechipiri. Hapana aiva nechokwadi chokuti Pauline vangabvumirana ezvinhu akadaro, asi musikana kwaikosha chete chokwadi kuti kutiza, zvisinei kwemazita uye pamisara. Mukuru mukuru kana ichi yakatarwa Valentina Grizodubova, vakatora refu kwazvo uye unhu kurovedza zvakananga Command ndege pamusoro-refu dhonza ndege. Marina Raskova akaramba nzvimbo yaro uye vakatakura chinzvimbo kutiza aidzidzisa.

Ndege, yainzi "Kumusha" akarova mugwagwa September 24, 1938. Achienda kosi kuFar East, kubhururuka muchina kwenguva refu nguva akatamira tinongoita, nokuda kwokuwedzera gore pakavha. Navigator Raskova tsunga yakarurama mirayiridzo chete chiridzwa. Asi dambudziko raiva kwete nenzira vakashinga vezvikepe. Nokukurumidza vakavaringana nevanegumi icing at. Vasikana aifanira maximize vachishandisa kutenderera sikuruu, nechinangwa pakuchenesa mashizha ari kuunganidza chando. Uyezve, vezvikepe akarasikirwa refueling Komsomolsk-na-nokuda kukurasikirwa kukurukura yebudiriro. Communication yakakanganiswa mushure Urals. Pedyo neGungwa Okhotsk, ari mundege kubatwa moto chakarurama kuti rinotaura pamusoro zvikuru yakaderera vasara peturu. For presumptive Masvomhu, rinofanira kunge vazodya hapana maminitsi anopfuura 30. Akapiwa ezvinhu aripo, vashandi vemo mutungamiri Valentin Grizodubova akasarudza kunyika ndege musango. kumhara Izvi zvaiva nengozi zvikuru vagere pamberi aidzidzisa, saka Raskova akagamuchira kuti kusvetuka aine parachuti.

Ndege vakakwanisa panyika pedyo Amgun. Nokuda kare akarasikirwa nomukana kukurukura pasi, hapana aigona kunyange pfungwa kumhara achitandadza "Kumusha." Kutsvaka zvisipo ndege kuitwa nemvura Baikal kuGungwa Okhotsk. Achitarira kufanana mhepo simba, uyewo vanhuwo zvavo vanogara mumisha yaiva pedyo. Ndege kuwanikwa chete chetatu October, akanga dzakasvibiswa rimwe pokuita kutsvaka ndege. chikepe akatumwa vakadzi kuramba uye ushingi inonzi "East Far." Ndiye akanhonga vatambi vari taiga murenje.

Remuneration nokuti zvinovimba ushingi

Pasinei taifanira kutsungirira akashinga mutyairi, achiri vakakwanisa kuisa zvinyorwa mamwe rwendo dzinotama. ndege yavo nendege 6.450 km riri pakukurirwa migumisiro yapfuura Champions. Zvakaguma zvinopfuura 1,500? Km. Imhaka Feat ichi, uye zvose vatatu paakavapa musoro Hero of Soviet Union.

Mushure Asipenka akanga dzinounzwa munyika yakadaro chiitiko umhare, aiva nomukana kuva mudzidzisi uye mubatsiri murwi vezvikepe.

rufu Pauline

Nguva pfupi pashure nokubudirira pfungwa-rokuridza Hsu Asipenka Pauline Denisovna mari yake chido Kukwirira. Pamwe chete Anatoliem Serovym Vols rinoitirwa tinongoita umo mumwe vezvikepe vanofanira kubhururuka ndege kubva namahwindo mberi uye vadzidzise kunomumwe. The tsaona yakaitika panguva apo Asipenka ave murayiridzi akabhururuka mundege Serov.

The nyika akagamuchira rufu heroine-Union kuchema. Sam Molotov vakatakura madota Polina Osipenko kuna Kremlin porusvingo, apo iye akavigwa.

Polina Denisovna Osipenko: mubayiro mukadzi mukuru

Munguva pfupi nguva hwake Polina Osipenko akagamuchira Orders vaviri Lenin, okutanga chakakodzera weava muzhizha 1938. Order of Red Banner uye menduru "XX makore Red Army" Pakataurwawo paakavapa.

Kuyeukwa heroine, akasiya nekusingaperi

Vazhinji mumigwagwa uye nzira mumaguta akasiyana vane "mazita" vachikudza Osipenko afa.

• Mother Pauline musha azviwanira zita idzva kuti unorira wake zita.
• zita rayo dzakapiwa masangano dzidzo, akadai avhiyesheni chikoro Odessa uye Dnepropetrovsk achibhururuka kirabhu.
• In Berdyansk ndiyo shongwe kuti heroine kukuru.
• Munharaunda apo iye wakaurawa, chiyeuchidzo obelisk.
• LA Kolesnikov akauya mutsva siyana Lilac uye akamutumidza zita rake Polina Osipenko.
• Pauline Monument muna Kokshetau (Kazakhstan).

Polina Denisovna Osipenko aisangova mukadzi, iye akanga ane simba, murume akashinga uye vachitsvaka hope. Ndizvo zvakamubatsira kuti azadzise misoro inokosha uye kuramba mumwoyo vanhu kunyange pashure porufu.