King Persian Xerxes uye ngano hondo Thermopylae

Mambo wePersia Xerxes I imwe yakakurumbira mabhii rekare nhoroondo yevanhu. Chaizvoizvo, izvi ndizvo mutongi akatungamirira mauto ake muGirisi rokutanga hafu V remakore. Ndiye akarwa vaAtene hoplites iri hondo Marathon uye Spartans iri zvikuru kwazvo kusimudzirwa nhasi dzakakurumbira mabhuku uye firimu Hondo Thermopylae.

Kutanga yeGirisi Persian Wars

Persia iri pakutanga V remakore BC, aiva muduku asi nehasha uye kare simba umambo, aiva nguva kukunda marudzi anoverengeka okumabvazuva. Pakati dzimwe nzvimbo, yePezhiya mambo Dhariusi uyewo yakatora vamwe Greek dzaitongwa-mitemo iri Asia Minor (Turkey ano). Mukutonga Persian pakati Greek Vagari ari satrapy Persian - vanonzi administrative miganhu vamapoka Persian ehurumende - kazhinji akamutsa kumukira, ndichirairira pamusoro itsva murayiro okumabvazuva nechisimba. Kuti kubatsira Athens dzaitongwa aya rimwe kumukira izvi kwakaita kuti pakutanga kurwisana yeGirisi Persian.

hondo yedaro refu

Wokutanga vakadzika kurwisana Persian nemauto Greek achiwana (VaAtene Plataeans) aiva Marathon hondo yakaitika muna 490 BC. Nemhaka tarenda rechiGiriki vakawanda Miltiades, uyo nounyanzvi kushandisa chikero hoplites, refu namapfumo avo, uye raiiswa Nzvimbo (vaGiriki chakatsindirwa nevaPezhiya kubva yakatenuka pasi), vaAtene akunda, zvokurega nechisimba nevaPezhiya yokutanga munyika yavo. Zvinofadza kuti hondo iyi kwakabatana ano mutambo chirango "yedaro refu", inova chinhambwe 42? Km. Zviri nhume chaizvo zvenhaka akamhanya achibva kuhondo nzvimbo kuAtene kuzivisa kukunda vomunyika uye kushayiwa akafa. Kugadzirira vakawanda nechisimba kwakatadzisa rufu Dhariusi. Akwira cheushe mambo mutsva Persian Xerxes I, akaramba basa nababa vake.

Hondo Thermopylae uye mazana matatu Spartans

Nechisimba rechipiri yakatanga muna 480 BC. Xerxes akatungamirira hondo yakakura 200 zviuru. Vanhu (maererano nokufungidzira venhau dzakaitika ano). nokukurumidza, yakakundwa kuMasedhonia muThrace, uye ipapo nechisimba kubva kuchamhembe iri Boeotia, Attica uye Peloponnese. Kunyange wemasangano mauto guta Greek asingagoni kurwa nemauto akawanda kudaro, vakaungana kubva ndudzi zhinji hwePezhiya. Simba tariro vaGiriki waiva mukana hondo rakamanikana nzvimbo kuburikidza iro uto Persian nenzira kwayo kumaodzanyemba - Thermopylae Gorge. muvengi kusanganiswa mukana pano kwaizova kwete zvokuti kuruboshwe anotarisira kuhwina. Vanotaura vanoti mambo wePezhiya Xerxes yave zvishoma pano Spartan varwi mazana matatu - kuwedzeredza. Kutaura zvazviri, muhondo iri vaiitawo kubva 5 kusvika 7 zviuru. Varwi Greek akasiyana policies, kwete chete Spartan. Uye upamhi kuzvimbirwa nhamba iyoyo yakanga kupfuura zvakakwana kuti abudirire kaza muvengi mazuva maviri. Kurangwa Greek phalanx chaizvo kubata mutsetse, chaizvoizvo kumbomira gurusvusvu navaPeresia. Hapana anoziva kuti vapedza muhondo, asi vaGiriki vakanga atengeswa nomumwe vanogara yomunharaunda musha - Ephialtes. Munhu uyo akaratidza nevaPezhiya munhu workaround. Apo Mambo Leonidas akadzidza amutengesa, akatuma mauto policies vaironga kuunganazve mauto avo, akaramba ari kuzvidzivirira uye kunonoka nevaPersia duku simba. Zvino ivo chaizvoizvo vaiva shoma - mweya inenge 500. Zvisinei, hapana chishamiso chakaitika, anenge ose nevanozvitsigira vakaurayiwa pazuva iroro.

Kuti akanga

Hondo Thermopylae asina vapedzisa basa kuti Greek varume wakarovererwa paari, asi kwaiva muenzaniso yakafuridzirwa heroism nekuda munyika dzimwe nevanozvitsigira. The Persian Mambo Xerxes I ndichiri vakakwanisa kuhwina pano, asi gare gare akatambura unorema kukundwa: gungwa - Papera mwedzi paSaramisi, uye panyika - mu Hondo Plataea. hondo yeGirisi Persian mberi rinotevera matatu ari kuramba tichishanda pasi-kuchinyanya Kurwisana umo anobatsirwei kuramba mativi pamwe inishuwarenzi.