Ndechipi razero kupera mumutauro Russian

mutauro Russian, regai kutaura chinhu - vakapfuma uye akanaka, asi vo kwazvo munyika. Chero mutauro wenyika hapana akawandisa mitemo uye kunze kwavari zvakadai, uye hapana anogona dundundu zvakasiyana-siyana kudaro, kwete mashoko chete, asiwo avo zvitarisiko, izvo zvinogona kuitika kana Somuenzaniso, kuramba mumwe pazita pamusoro nyaya, kana Conjugate verbs. Zvikuru chinetso kuguma, nokuti kuchiwana ose mashoko ari mutongo pamwe chete. Inogonawo kunge dambudziko kusarudza razero yokupedza kudzidza. Muudzame kunzwisisa kuti razero kupera wekuedza munyaya ino.

Chii mugumo?

End - ichi ndechimwe morphemes, izvo zvinoratidza kubatana kweshoko nemamwe mazwi ari mashoko kana ari pa. End kazhinji iri pakupera, asi pane zvimwe anosiyiwa. Isu ichapindura navo pashure. Graduation kusafanana nedzimwe morphemes regai kukanganisa zvinoreva shoko, nekuti havachipo preformative. Ndizvo nokuti anogona kuona kuti munhui, nyaya, nhamba uye munhu reshoko. Somuenzaniso, shoko rokuti "huru" kuzviuraya kureva inoratidza kuti shoko iri risiri, genitive uye rume, ukuwo shoko "funga" kuguma -Eks rinoti pamasikiro wechitatu munhu yakazonaka.

Nyaya apo mugumo hakusi kuguma shoko

Kana kuziva magumo, vamwe vanhu zvingaoma, nokuti chokwadi kuti zvinofanira hazvo kuva pakuguma shoko. Nyaya umo mugumo kungava pakati shoko:

• Kana paine shoko kupedza postfix chichange riri pamberi pake. Somuenzaniso: Budai, munhu chinhu, tiende.

• In yakaoma mufundisi nhamba kupera aripo pakati shoko, uye pakupera, kureva kuguma kuda pashure nheyo neimwe. Somuenzaniso: pyatØdesyatØ, ina. Asi regai kunyonganisa mufundisi nhamba uye ordinal nhamba kana adjectives kuti kuumbwa navo. Somuenzaniso: mashanu namazana mana, tridtsatipyatitysyachnY, masere-nyaya, makore matatu, vomuzana kirasi, heptagonal.

Zvivakamutauro zvirevo harinzwi

End zvinokosha chaizvo morpheme sezvo ivo zvakazara kukanganisa lexical zvinoreva mashoko yose mutongo yose. Pashure pezvose, dzimwe nguva nyore kuziva pakati vazhinji vatorwa inotengwa nemhaka yokuti kwakafanira harinzwi mashoko vanopiwa tanetseka chaizvo.

Mashoko ose pakupedzisira zvinogona kumiririra zvinotevera girama zvirevo:

• uwandu, munhui uye nyaya munzvimbo idzi kutaura akadai ane pazita (semuenzaniso: kanivhasi - kuzviuraya -o rinoti shoko iri nominative nyaya, asi zviri kuchisazitasingwi uye neuter); chipauro (semuenzaniso, dzerineni - kupedza -s achienda pfungwa pamusoro neuter chechikadzi uye nominative nyaya); ezviri (semuenzaniso: iri kusuka jira - kuzviuraya -s rinotaurawo kuti iri shoko risiri, nominative uye neuter); Vamwe zvisazitasingwi (eg wako jira - kuzviuraya -e Hunotaurawo shoko risiri, iyo nominative uye neuter) uye dzimwe sezviverengo (somuenzaniso: mumwe mufananidzo - kupedza -o kunoratidza kuti shoko risiri uye neuter nominative) ;

• kufa chete dzimwe zvisazitasingwi (semuenzaniso, kwete chii - kuguma fung inoratidza genitive) uye chikamu sezviverengo (hapana nomwe - kuzviuraya -uye rinoti shoko iri genitive);

• Vanhu uye uwandu verbs mune ramangwana uye chipo kutorarama (semuenzaniso: kunyora - rechiito vomuzana munhu risiri muuzhinji);

• chete nhamba uye nemhando verbs munguva zvatoitika (eg: muti - zvechikadzi rechiito uye shoko risiri muuzhinji).

Chii chinonzi razero nemagumo?

Uyewo, mamwe matambudziko angamuka kuona mugumo, kana zviri razero. Kuti nyore kuziva shoko, zvinokosha kunzwisisa kuti razero nemagumo. Words zvakafanana harinzwi zvinowanzotaurwa kuvhiringidzwa nemashoko asina harinzwi.

The razero mugumo weshoko - riri nekuguma, iyo isingataurwi kutaurwa chero tsamba kana mitinhimira. Pasinei chokwadi kuti ichi mhando zvinhu hazvirevi kuguma rinoti, iva nechokwadi kuti kutara ive chinhu padare vari kuongorora zviri morphological maumbirwo reshoko.

Types mashoko ane razero nemagumo

Iva razero vachipedzisira mumutauro Russian, mashoko anotevera:

• Nouns wokutanga munhu ari genitive uye muuzhinji chiso. Somuenzaniso: ptichekØ, plombØ, korovØ, pitomtsevØ.

• Qualitative adjectives uye PARTICIPLE mu pfupiso kuumba kuchisazitasingwi rume pazita, somuenzaniso: nahodchivØ, individualenØ, sklonenØ, velikolepenØ, zaderzhanØ, vooruzhenØ.

• Zero ya'kupedzisa rume emazita rechipiri mhando, uyewo muchimiro chechikadzi ari wechitatu declension. Somuenzaniso: tarakanØ, parkanØ, voylokØ, pechØ, rechØ, nochØ.

• Possessive adjectives risiri rume. Somuenzaniso: ottsovØ, maminØ, koroviyØ, lisiyØ, SerezhinØ.

• kuchisazitasingwi verbs ari zvinokosha. Somuenzaniso: uchiØ, smotriØ, pomogiØ, perevediØ, poprosiØ.

• verbs ari SUBJUNCTIVE uye anoratidza manzwiro rume okupedzisira nguva uye kuvapo yakazonaka. Somuenzaniso: govorilØ - waaida govorilØ, slushalØ - waaida slushalØ, progolosovalØ - waaida progolosovalØ, poprosilØ - wakaramba poprosilØ.

Kazhinji, kana morphological kuongorora vanhu kunyonganisa shoko ane razero ndokuguma nemashoko, uyo kazhinji vasina harinzwi. Kuti tinzwisise kusiyana, funga mashoko chii vachipedzisira vasiri aripo.

Words umo hakuperi

Mugumo haana isingachinji mashoko uye mapoka mashoko:

• indeclinable emazita, zvakadai nemuchovha, kofi, motokari, nguvo;

• indeclinable adjectives, akadai burgundy, makaki, Marengo, mambure, Baroque, Esperanto, pleated;

• possessive zvisazitasingwi kuti inoratidzei kuva kupati wechitatu, akadai dzavo, wake, iye;

• adverbs All somunhu dudzirachiito - yakatarwa chikamu matauriro, uye tsanangudzo asisiri apedza, somuenzaniso: bad, kusuruvara, zvakawanda kujeka, kuvhiringidzika, yechitema, redone;

• Shoko okufananidza chimiro Somuenzaniso, simba, akangwara, nokukurumidza, zvakajeka, vakanaka, kusuruvara, anoshamisa;

• gerunds zvose, sezvo chikamu ichi kutaura akatora mutauro nesklonyaemost uyewo somunhu dudzirachiito haagoni kuva magumo, somuenzaniso: kuverenga nokugeza, kunzwisisa, kuverenga, nomusoro, akarangarira chokuongorora, tichiziva;

• All zvikamu basa kutaura, zvokuti, kana kwete, kwete, pasinei nokuti, sokutaura paakangoridza nguva, pasina, pamusoro, pasi, mukati,

• anongodzokororwa zvisina kufanira, zvakadai sokuti: Zvirokwazvo, Hongu, changamire, uh, ah, smack, bang, heano nguva;

• kutanga rechiito kana -t uye yeWatchtower kunonzwisiswa sechinhu suffix somuenzaniso: kudya, gamuchirai, kunzwa, kunzwisisa, kuremekedza, kunzwa, chiito.

Uyewo vanofanira kunan'anura mu kunyora morphological kuongorora mashoko bhokisi varara umo hakuna harinzwi. Nyore kusiyanisa mashoko pasina harinzwi kubva razero ichaguma mumwe mutemo. Words pasina mugumo hakusi unochinja, kusiyana nemashoko anopera razero.

How kuona nokuguma?

Kuti uone chero shoko nekuguma, chete Zvakwana kuti kusviba pamusoro nyaya. Kuti chikamu kutaura kuti uchachinja pavo. Saka nyore kuona munhu razero nemagumo. Mienzaniso mashoko akadaro vanoguma, mashoko uye pazviri kazhinji haana hunomirirwa zvinotevera tafura:

In muenzaniso uyu, chaizvo sezvo unogona kuona izvi mashoko morpheme nyore. Sezvo shoko "pleated" haasi akasendamira nyaya, shoko iri pasina mugumo, uye "nezvionioni" shoko yaimirira mudzi uye razero nekuguma, nokuti pazita iri muzvizhinji uye genitive.

Morpheme, interacts ane razero nemagumo

kazhinji inowanikwa vazhinji izvi mienzaniso kutaura umo mudzi uye razero KUPEDZA kushandiswa pakati morpheme. With kwakadaro kuguma dzinogona kubatanidzwa nemamwe morpheme zvose. Somuenzaniso, mashoko idzo pane chivakashure, mudzi, Zero kupedza: nyaya, kuchinja, kuenda, buda, dzinoshambira. Kunewo mashoko, kana morphemic pachisara paunogona kuona chivakashure, mudzi, suffix uye razero nemagumo. Somuenzaniso: kuyaruka akapinza, akafanotaura nenguva. Kakawanda vaishandisa mashoko panguva chipo postfix uye razero kupera mumutauro weRussia. Somuenzaniso: vanoumba, faranuka, ugare pasi, kubatsira, fungidzira zvombo.

Soft chiratidzo panguva morphemic ongororo

Cherechedza kuti nyoro mucherechedzo angasava kuguma shoko. chiratidzo ichi hariratidzi chero inzwi, asi kungotaura anotaura nyoro nzvanyira, inomira pamberi pake. Kana shoko kunoguma ari nyoro chiratidzo, saka dzinofanira kuzokurukurwa kuti ane razero nemagumo. Zvisinei, mutemo uyu hairevi zvisingashanduki mashoko. Somuenzaniso, pasinei nokuti vari kuvaka chete kure panguva gallop kusvikira kumugumo ndiye nyoro chiratidzo, hazvina zvakakodzera kuti funga mashoko aya ane razero nemagumo. Ndivo chete, uye havana harinzwi.

Features morphemic kuongorora mashoko

End - chete shanduka chikamu shoko. zvimwe zvose morpheme pamwe chete kunobvumirwa nheyo dzaro. Kana morphemic kuongorora zvichida ndiyo nyore kuziva neshoko iri kupera, nekuti zvakakwana chete zvishoma yokugadziridza shoko.

matambudziko Minor kungamuka mu yakarurama kutsunga kuguma - zviri kusiyanisa mashoko ane razero nekuguma, uyewo mashoko asina harinzwi. Sezvo nyaya ino yakawanikwa kuti razero kupedza, kuti kuongorora morpheme ichi Musazvicheka matambudziko.