Ontogenesis munhu. tsananguro pfupi. The ontogeny pamusoro huta dzevanhu hurongwa

The ontogeny womunhu inofanira nomumwe kukura kubva panguva yokunambwa kusvikira parufu. Huru unhu chokuita Qualitative uye quantitative transformations zvakananga kunorondedzerwa rimwe danho.

Pfungwa yokuti 'ontogeny "yakatanga hwakatangwa Haeckel (German zvipenyu) muna 1866. Various vamiririri mhuka nyika tinoberekwa zvakasiyana kukura. Saka, ontogenesis kwezvinhu larval mhando kunoitika akatevera metamorphosis. In mhuka, zai-kuisa, mumwe kukura kunoitika runonyanya mune mazai vakaisa maererano kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza. mhuka Placental, munhu anogona kuva utero. Panyaya iyi, muitiro rakakamurwa zvitatu nguva: postembryonic, embryo, proembrionalny.

Last dzinoratidzwa paumbwe uye kusimudzira mukono nehadzi kurara masero - gametes, iyo yakaumbwa panguva confluence yacho zai.

Ontogeny kwevanhu embryo (embryo) nguva inoumbwa nhanho embryo uye mudumbu.

Postnatal kumwedzi rinotanga pashure pokuberekwa mvumo. Danho iri ndedzoupenyu hwose anopera rufu. Postnatal kwevanhu ontogeny akakamurwa zera danho. Padanho rimwe nerimwe, muviri kaviri wayo anatomical uye vasiri kuchinja. Maererano nenyanzvi, kuzvidzivirira kupfuura uye kutsoropodza nguva ndiwo kubereka (nguva kutsakatika pabonde nerevane), uye kuyaruka (pakuyaruka mudariro). Ndivo chikuru zvinhu ontogenesis kwevanhu.

Tanga fetus upenyu kunoratidzwa nokuberekwa epfungwa. The ontogeny pakati tsinga vanhu uye anoramba mumakore okutanga pashure pokuberekwa.

The dorsal nokupesana ndiro achiumbwa embryo. Gare gare, ari Neural paburi, uye zvadaro - the Neural chubhu.

Nokuti vhiki mudumbu inozivikanwa zvishomanana thickening zviri chubhu iri nemumuromo dhipatimendi. matatu uropi dundira (chepuraimari) inoumbwa vhiki rechitatu munharaunda musoro: neshure, zvenguva, Front. Ava, dzinokosha zvikamu uropi (nedhaimani-zvakaumbwa, pakati, magumo). Zvadaro, pane mahwanda ari bladders maviri (kumberi uye shure). Kubva yokupedzisira kuumbwa uropi uye chinoumba (subcortical).

By wechitatu mwedzi embryo kukura vari kutanga kuziva nzvimbo kiyi nechepakati tsinga. Izvi zvinosanganisira Hemisférios Cerebrais, pfungwa ventricles, hunde, kuti musana. By nomwedzi wechishanu dzinounzwa ari cortex (hemispheres) chikuru grooves. mavhiki mana gare gare vakatsunga kuwanda (dzichipfekeka hunhu) ari rokumusoro zvikamu hunde-musana.

Masero etsinga embryo achangoberekwa vari akaronga kuramba ari chena nyaya uye hemispheric pamusoro. Nokuda rakawedzera pamusoro kunotanga yokutama masero ari pfumbu nyaya.

Zvichienzaniswa vakuru, mumwe richangoberekwa occipital akafukidza cortex hemispheres ane hwakanyatsorwisa guru saizi. The ontogeny kwevanhu yokutanga shanu - makore matanhatu pashure pokuberekwa ane mumwe specificity. Panguva iyi, mukuru kuchinja topographical nzvimbo, rokuumba uye uwandu hemispheric convolutions. For gumi - gumi akaona zvimwe zvakafanana ne vakuru.

For postnatal nguva hunhu kuchinja musana. A achangoberekwa kunopfuura kuti zera. The musana rinokura makore anenge makumi maviri.

Achangobva tsinga myelinated (firimu-Coated) hazvina kukwana, nzvimbo etsinga faibha mwanda irregularly, uye ivo (matanda) hadziwanzowaniki.

Nokushanda kwenhengo vegetative tsinga rinotanga munhu kubva pakuberekwa. Muna postpartum nguva dzinobatana anotaurwa nomunhu nodes uye paumbwe tangles Neural tsitsi hurongwa.