Dagestan yekare. Guta rekare Dagestan

The Republic of Dagestan - ndiwo mumwe Russian Federation. Iri kumabvazuva chikamu North Caucasus, vakafukidza imwe nzvimbo 50,3 zviuru mativi makiromita. Kubva kuchamhembe Dagestan dzakakwirira anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri vakaparadzaniswa Azerbaijan uye Georgia. Kumabvazuva rinenge kusukwa paGungwa reCaspian. Kuchamhembe chikamu Republic dziri rakakura expanses kuti jecha steppes.

Ancient Dagestan (ona pazasi photos) - munhu makomo, ane runako kuimbwa vakawanda vemifananidzo, vanyori uye vadetembi.

nzira yake chaiyo youpenyu, akanaka nharaunda, uyewo zvedongo vemifananidzo, zvishongo nezvimwewo vanokonzera kushamiswa nokuyemura vose vokutanga akasangana Republic.

Dagestan akapfuma munhoroondo yacho. Kusvikira ikozvino, ndima yayo kunopfuura zviuru masere nhoroondo netsika Zvivako kudzivirirwa neHurumende. Uye munhu wose ati akashanyira ichi Russian zvokuvhoterwa zvikuru kumaodzanyemba, kuti mwoyo runako kwayo uye pfuma tsika dzekare.

quaternary

Rinotanga nyaya Dagestan kubva kare. Wokutanga munhu kupaka iri munharaunda yayo vakagara kumashure ibwe Age, mune Paleolithic yaitonga. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa nenzira yakanaka nenzvimbo ezvinhu anosiyana nzvimbo iyi. Saka, muna ari Quaternary nguva, nzvimbo huru Asia uye Europe vane ndavhiyiwa glaciations. KuCaucasus, paiva vaviri chete. Uyezve, yakasimba chando butiro haana kuchengetwa pano. Izvi akwanise ne noushamwari uye yakaoma mhepo kuti kupinda kuna Central Asia. In Dagestan glaciation yakanga chete kurutivi anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri uye munzvimbo akakwirira.

A yakanaka chikonzero kuti upenyu hwevanhu munzvimbo idzi ndechokuti zvakawanda zvakanzi kufukidzwa masango. The dzezvimwe vakasununguka miti, vaiva mafuro wakaisvonaka vakafutisa nevanhu dzomusango.

dzikisa Paleolithic

Nokuda kwayo zvakanaka nzvimbo, kuCaucasus airidza basa rinokosha panguva kupfuura kare kugarwa nevanhu. Kunyange Acheulean nguva, vanopfuura zviuru zana apfuura, uye rakanga kugara Dagestan.

Zvisaririra zviri prehistoric murume rakawanikwa nevanochera pamuganhu maruwa maviri - Kaytagskogo uye Derbent. Pano, panzvimbo turakiti Chumus-Init, akawana hombe flakes, uye akaita kwavari chinyakare zvishandiso (scrapers, anotema maturusi uye zvichingodaro. D.).

Vanhu vakagara Dagestan yekare, vaita kunovhima uye kuungana. Sezvo Kugadzirwa vakanga rakajairika kwemarudzi, uyewo michero uye michero kuti kurai dzomusango.

Zvokushandisa kukosha mune Acheulean nguva vaiva demo ibwe ruoko. Vakanga zvaishandiswa kugadzirwa emapuranga kunovhima nepfuti, uyewo vachiuraya nezvitunha zvemhuka inovhimwa uye kubudiswa kubvisa matehwe dzavo.

vanhu Acheulean vaigara mumapoka maduku, vakakwanisa kushandisa moto. Akashumira kwavari zvitubu kupisa, kubika zvivako uye chombo unozvidzinga kure nezvikara.

Middle Palaeolithic

Pashure Acheulean yaitonga yakauya Mousterian. In nguva yayo (100-30 zviuru. Makore akapfuura) kuramba chirongwa kugarwa ose chinyakare murume. Uyewo anoramba kukudziridza uye Dagestan. Uchapupu ichi ndiwo Zvivako ane yaitonga kure, anomirira vakasara yakazaruka misasa. Vakanga yakawanikwa pedyo Makhachkala, mumakomo, pamapani, uye pedyo negomo nyanza Kezenoi am, riri pamuganhu pamwe muBosnia, muChechnya-Ingushetia. Cave dzimba Mousterian nguva inowanikwa Dagestan hariwanikwi chaizvo.

Panguva iyi, zvinokosha kuchinja magadzirirwo kwekushanda ibwe. Cannon kwazviri simbi kugadzirwa pachishandiswa elongate banga-kufanana ndiro. Uyewo, munguva ino yava kwazara kunovhima vachishandisa matanga. Nzira iyi akabvumira kubereka zvokudya zvakawanda.

Zvose pamusoro mberi kuchinja dzakawira maindasitiri basa chinyakare vanhu, akaratidza mumagakava marongerwo. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti panguva ino vakatanga kuonekwa pedzidziso dzekutanga matriarchal nemhuri sangano.

rokumusoro Palaeolithic

Anotevera ichikosha kungogumira nguva kubva 30 kusvika 15 zviuru. Makore akapfuura. It kunoratidzwa ne mberi kusimudzira chinyakare zvaiita hurongwa.

Dagestan zvaJehovha Zvivako zvekare kuva nguva iyi, inowanika yokupakira Mugove pedyo nomusha Chokh munharaunda Gunibsky. In yayo tsika akaturikidzana vakawana zvasara pezvirugu zvamakwai, nemavhinga ocher, mapfupa mhuka, uye zvakawanda. Asi kupfuura zvose zvinowanikwa yokupakira mugove nesilicon ndege. Izvi zvinhu yakashandiswa chete nokuda anoshongwa, asiwo gadzira kwavo.

Pachishandiswa mashoko aya, masayendisiti vakagumisa kuti vanhu vokutanga vaigara Dagestan muna Upper Paleolithic, aivhima mammoths. Uyezve, nokuti pagadzirwe mhuka idzi yaishandiswa panguva iyoyo mberi nzira Corral. Uyewo ari kutaurwa yaitonga chinyakare vanhu vakatanga kuita midziyo upenyu hwezuva nezuva.

Panguva iyi, paiva kwokupedzisira dzichiumbwa matriarchal mhuri hurongwa, akasimbisa kubatana pakati wacho munharaunda.

Pashure kuguma Upper Paleolithic yaitonga kuuya zvakasikwa kwetembiricha. Nguva Mesolithic. Maererano vanochera matongo, gomo Daghestan panguva yakanga dzine vanhu vakawanda. Pakati zviri tsika yayo akacherekedza muenzaniso mawa Zvivako zviri North Caucasus uye Transcaucasia, izvo zvinoratidza kufanana nzira vanhu vanogara munharaunda idzi.

The Bronze zera

Mushure Upper Paleolithic yekare nhoroondo Dagestan wapinda kwenguva itsva, kufukidza nguva kubva kumugumo wechina kusvikira pakuguma mumireniyamu yechipiri BC. Akauya yendarira Age. Akauya yakawanda kubudirira mune mutsika uye kugadzirwa, uyewo mumagakava maumbirwo chinyakare munzanga.

Panguva iyi, ayo nhamba yakasvika simbi yemhangura uye ndarira. Izvi zvinhu vanhu vakatanga kugadzira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, izvo vakaita guru muupenyu hwavo. Kupfumisa metallurgia kugadzirwa akanga uye Dagestan. Nyika yekare yakanga akapfuma esimbi reserves.

In yendarira-mhangura remakore yakabuda uye kwakasimbiswa pagejo kurima. Uyezve, vanhu vakatanga kubereka mombe. Kuwanda mhando dzemhuka dzose nguva wakawedzera.

The chidzoke mhuka minda uye zvokurima - ndiwo chinokosha remakore yendarira uye mhangura, izvo zvinowanikwa Dagestan. nyika yekare kwava muzinda vanoshingaira wevanotungamirira pezvakaitwa uye kukurumidza kukura hwenyika. On Ndima yayo kukurumidza kukura vakawanda vakatanga kuongorora nyika itsva.

Panguva iyi, ayo mamwe dzakabudirira uye zvinhu netsika. Kuva yekare Dagestan mumisha umo kuvaka matumba zvaishandiswa zvimwe zvinhu okuvaka engineering mapurani. Vamwe nemisha izvi zvaiva kwekanguva kana mumwaka hunhu.

At pakutanga Copper Age wendarira-guru mupiro netsika nevarimi vakauya Dagestan. nyika yekare iyi yakasvika rakabudirira, kugamuchira mhando dzakawanda dzakaoma uye akapfava gorosi, anenge makumi mashanu mhando zvebhari, uyewo mhando dzakawanda mazambiringa, apirikoti, pome michero uye zvimwe zvirimwa.

Kugadzirwa paruzhinji ukama

Muna Bronze Age dzinongoita zvakawedzera basa mukutsinhana pakati pamarudzi. Izvi zvakaguma weboka basa uye akatungamirira nokusimbaradza ukama pakati pavagere siyana kumatunhu Dagestan.

Asi panguva imwe chete iyoyo, kukura inobereka mauto yakawedzera pfuma Kusiyanisa ikawanda intertribal kutamburira mafuro uye nyika arable, uyewo simbi deposits.

Uyewo, nhoroondo yekare Dagestan muna Bronze Age aiva nguva apo akatanga kuumba ethnocultural munharaunda. Gare gare vakava nheyo, kuburikidza paiva paumbwe vemarudzi mazhinji uye madzinza.

Nezvokumutswa pokumuka mombe maberekero, simbi uye kurima zvokurima, izvo akashandisa basa varume, paiva yokutsiva matriarchal-ateteguru kwemadzinza pabonde. Vanonyanya kunoenderana ezvinhu matsva evanhu kugadzirwa. Panguva ino, kutanga ane kuunganidza upfumi mumaoko munhu mhuri. Izvi zvakaita kuti weboka pfuma iri mhando.

Panoperera yendarira Age akatanga kubuda resimbi kugadzirwa. Mune ramangwana, izvi zvakaita kuti echimurenga kuchinja tsika, upfumi, uyewo vanhu pfungwa. Zvakaguma paumbwe dzinonzi zvechiuto gutsaruzhinji, pashure iyo mamiriro akaonekwa.

Caucasian Albania

Akatevera Danho munhoroondo Dagestan akauya pakati Muchiuru chemakore chokutanga BC. Panguva iyi, kumabvazuva mundima Caucasus rakatanga kuuya nenzvimbo madzinza vaigara imomo, apedzise kusikwa pakutanga wokubatana kwavo, uye ipapo - mangwanani muranda wehurumende - Caucasian Albania. Ndivo yakakura nyika nhema pakati Kura River, kweGungwa reCaspian uye Alazan, raisanganisira nzvimbo yakakura chipo Dagestan.

Nokuda kwayo Kunze Caucasian Albania yaiva nzvimbo zvikuru vanhu kuti vararame. nyika yaro zvakanaka unodiridzwa uye zvakasiyana kubereka.

madzinza Albanian

Vakawanda kuzomukazve wehurumende yavaibatisa nemakomo. Ndivo madzinza zvehondo akararama. Vakanga vakaramba pasi yayo kugara achitarisirwa pemipata, riri pamusoro Main Caucasian Ridge.

Madzinza akawanda vakawanda vanogara Albania nevokuAlbania vakanga utii ravanhu ndima pamhenderekedzo kweGungwa reCaspian. Greater ukoshi rehurumende vaivawo Leahy uye Gela, uye Didur gargareytsy, andaki uye Silva and said.
Long pamberi pamarudzi aya anozivikanwa kweGungwa reCaspian uye Mickey. Saka, Albania vakatora kusiyana kwemadzinza. On Ndima yayo akararama madzinza-maviri nezvitanhatu zvakasiyana. Mufananidzo Uyu pedyo chaizvo ethnography, iyo inowanikwa iri Dagestan ano.

Mugore dzemakomo munyika, uyewo kudivi kumahombekombe kweGungwa reCaspian akararama rwamarudzi Albania. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ichi ndicho chinonyanya rudzi yekare Daghestan - madzitateguru yazvino Zimbabwe mugomo vanhu.

Albania kuti zvoupfumi

The chikuru upfumi kwemauto rekare wehurumende akanga kurima. Uye inotumidzwa kukura kwayo kwete chete pamapani, asiwo mumakomo. Nokuti pakurapa vokuAlbania ivhu akashandisa gejo, izvo by design kwayo kwakanga kwakafanana ano dagestantskomu "purutsu".

Chimwe chinokosha kwemauto nokuti vokuAlbania yakanga mombe. Izvi akwanise ne mafuro gomo zvakawanda uye mafuro mujinga mezvikomo. Uyewo ari munharaunda Albania akagashira zvikuru kukura handicraft bhizimisi. Emerging indasitiri yakabereka magirazi uye isinglass, iri mubishi kugadzirisa Semi-nemabwe anokosha, uye vamwe vakawanda.

Panguva wekare ino muAlbania akatambanudza ayo yepamusoro simbi. Navapfuri vesimbi vakatanga kushandisa zvakaoma michina, izvo akabvumira kuti mapanga namapfumo, nemiseve trehperye, inopinza vatasvi vemabhiza minondo uye zvakasiyana-siyana basa Ezvemutauro. Nokuda kuti munda uyu chikumbiro akawedzera zvikuru simbi. A Kunyanya specialization akaona zvishongo mubhizimisi.

guta rekare

On mundima Albanian wehurumende rotanga vakawanda nzvimbo wezvokutengeserana uye ounyanzvi. Vakawanda kuguta rekare Dagestan (dzinokwana 29 inotaura) yakawanikwa panguva matongo Zvakafukunurwa pamusoro munharaunda Republic ano. Uyezve, chikuru nzvimbo, apo nematongo nemisha yekare - Piedmont pagungwa Dagestan.

The guta chikuru muAlbania kwainzi Kabalaka. Akanga ari munharaunda panguva kuchamhembe Azerbaijan. Guta rekare Dagestan - nayo Geldiev, Alban uye Thelene. Vari chiri pakati penzizi Pike uye Samur. Ndiyo nyika yazvino Republic of Dagestan. Guta rekare iri dzokumaruwa pamusoro muAlbania - Niga. On idzi vakamira Bakr Daglana uye Tagode.

The guta mukuru muna Dagestan, iyo rakazivikanwa somugumisiro matongo tsvakurudzo - Urtseki. Munguva Kuvapo wokuAlbania wehurumende, aiva urongwa unoenderana yekare manyorerwo. Zvinofanira kunzi kwakadaro urongwa ane nhamba dzomumisha iyi nguva munharaunda reRepublic of Dagestan. The guta rekare Urtseki sezvo dzimwe administrative nzvimbo yakafanana, ainetseka zvetsika zvenhaka zvinhu zvakadai wenhare, chirimwa, riri pedo muruwa.

The kuguma yekare nguva

Pakupera wechina remakore BC vakawanda gurusvusvu zvehondo anongofamba Huns yakarwisa Dagestan. nyika yekare wakabviswa rwokumusoro kusvika Derbent zvichipfuura.

Huns vakatanga kushingaira kupindira mune zvematongerwo enyika dzavanhu Transcaucasia uye yekudyidzana kufambira magariro uye zvoupfumi pakati Dagestan. Zvisinei, tsika dzavanhu venyika ino, vakanga vasingagoni kuchinja. Izvi imhaka yokuti muArabhu dzakanga yakaderera Samanai pakukura.

Chokwadi chokuti Huns yakaramba munharaunda Dagestan, maererano nedzimwe ongororo matongo. Saka, takawana kuvigwa muArabhu, iyo, pamwe nemasoja vakavigwa uta pamwe pfupa ndiro uye mapanga simbi.
Hun State rakabhuroka chete pakati remakore rechishanu. It vakabatsira pokuwa zhinji dzomukati kuzvipokanidza. Pashure paizvozvo, dzokumaruwa mibatanidzwa pamusoro Dagestan vakava akazvimiririra dzakabatana avo kudzora enyika.