Cruise zvombo, Russia, uye US

Development emauto uye nzvimbo michina iri mashanu akanga ainyanya vakananga pakagadzwa intercontinental zvishandiso zvinogona kukuvadza kune zvine urongwa zvisikwa. Zvisinei, vanhu yave vaunganidza ruzivo runowanikwa kukura rinokosha mhando zvombo, tichibatanidza hunhu ndege uye zvombo. Vakanga vakagadzirira inofamba nenzira reactive mvura kana rakasimba injini, asi kushandisa vachasimudza ndege aimbova chinhu zvinonyatsorehwa kugadzirwa. Yaiva rwendo zvombo. Russia (zvino USSR), havana chinokosha sezvo intercontinental asi basa riri kare kuitwa pavari. Kuburikidza emakore, zvave vabudirira. mimwe inoverengeka ichi mhando chombo kwatova zvombo kana achakurumidza nzvimbo yavo pamisara tisaita zvinogona vavengi. Vanovata kutya uye mwoyo chido kurwisa nyika yedu zvachose.

"Tomahawk" ane Nyuturoni bhomba - Eighties dzikirira

Mukupera eighties anoparadzirwa Soviet akateerera zvikuru mhando mbiri itsva zvombo American. The Nyuturoni bhomba, izvo vanotyisidzira nePentagon "zvose mberi vanhu", maererano mhondi ehupfumi avo vaigona kukwikwidzana chete ne "Tomahawk". Izvi selachian anoshongwa pamwe dzakaonda pfupi ndege vakakwanisa vanoverevedza pazuva nhovo huru pamusoro munharaunda Soviet kucherechedzwa, achihwanda vasabatwa enyika ari nemipata, rwizi mibhedha uye nezvimwe zviwanikwa dzegirini dzenyika nechepasi. Hazvifadzi chaizvo kunzwa pachavo munjodzi kwavo, uye vagari Soviet vakanga achigumburwa ndechokuti nokunyengedzera marudzi kunochera munyika kukura gutsaruzhinji zvakare munyika itsva ose maoko rudzi, uye chikonzero chaiva rwendo zvombo. Russia aiva chinhu kupindura kutyisidzira. Chete vamwe akaudza chaizvo vanhu vazive kuti chaizvoizvo, chinhu chakafanana iri ndotodururwa yakatanga muna Soviet Union, uye zvinhu hazvina kunyanya kuipa.

American demo

The kumumvuri yose ano rwendo zvombo vanogona kutaurwa German ndege-goko V-1 (V-1). Nechokunze, afanane American "Tomahawk", akasika makumi mana gare gare, mumwe chete ndege twasu uye yakamanikana fuselage, nyore primitiveness siluetti. Asi pane musiyano, uye zvakawanda. Zvombo, akakunda Chirungu rokuti Cruise Chombo, - haisi chete chombo nepokuongorora bapiro, zviri chinhu yakawanda. Kwekunze nyore rinomuvanza zvikuru kunzwisisa zvekushandisa zano, chikuru che riri super-yokutsanya kombiyuta, pakarepo achitora mutongo kuchinja uye kukwira, kuitira kudzivisa kwemotokari zvipingamupinyi. Zvakafanira yokutizira panguva zvikuru yakaderera kukwira pamwero zvakakwana zvinoenderana nezvimwe mashoko ndakashamiswa, - kukurumidza makurukuriro mubhadharo kubaya. Uye zvakanga zvakakosha kushanda zvakanaka "maziso" pamusoro "Sharks". Radar akatasva mumhino ari projectile, akaona zvipingamupinyi zvose uye vakapfuura ruzivo pamusoro zvavo zvemagetsi pfungwa, izvo vakaongorora kuzorodzwa uye akapa masimba anonongedzera handlebars (slats, ichibhabhamisa, ailerons, uye zvichingodaro.). Full supersonic rwendo chombo vokuAmerica havana kuwana: iri vakaomerwa neChikomonisiti "Tomahawk" anouya chete chokupedzisira trajectory, asi haina kumutadzisa kuti dzinotyisidzira chaizvoizvo nhasi, kunyanya panyaya nyika vasina kudzivirira hwakakwana mhepo uye chombo enyika.

X-90 Soviet

Hazvizivikanwi kuti vamwe chii chakaita hurumende yeSoviet kupa rairatidza kutanga pakukura KR. Zvichida ruzivo yakashuma pamusoro pakuvamba American tsvakurudzo munzvimbo iyi, asi zvinoita kuti pfungwa, izvo zvakamuka makadzika kwechakavanzika tsvakurudzo Kudya vanofarira munhu kubva Bazi Defence. Zvisinei, muna 1976 basa rakatanga, uye kupedziswa musi yakatogadzirwa iri diki - makore matanhatu. Kubva pakutanga chaipo, vagadziri edu ndikaenda nenzira yakasiyana dzavo US dzomuzana. Subsonic pakukurumidza havana kunyengedza. The chitundumuseremusere aifanira kukurira miganhu zvose kudzivirira munhu zvinogona muvengi ari Ultra-yakaderera altitudes. Uye panguva supersonic nokukurumidza. okutanga prototypes vakanga anomiririrwa kuguma gumi, izvo zvairatidza polygon nemiedzo nemigumisiro yakanaka (kusvika 3 M). Zvivako Secret dzichimhanya hwakavandudzika, uye gumi anotevera yaigona kubhururuka kupfuura mana kare inzwi velocities. Muna 1997 chete, nyika munharaunda yave kuona chishamiso ichi ruzivo panguva pashoo MAKS muna Hall Research uye Production Association "Rainbow". Modern Russian rwendo zvombo ndiwo zvakananga venhaka Soviet KH-90. Kunyange zita hunoponeswa, asi akati zvombo chakachinja kakawanda. Eremendi pechingoro zvakanga zvakasiyana.

Kushanda chitundumuseremusere ichi aifanira kuitwa pamwe Tu-160, chihombe inokosha Ndege inogona kutakura bhomba Bay aro 12-mita zvombo vane Kumbofungatira ndege. Mutakuri anoramba chete.

"Koala"

Modern Russian rwendo zvombo X-90 "Koala" raiva vakareruka uye mapfupi pane tateguru kwayo: kureba idukusa 9 mamita. Anozikamwa nezvazvo zvishoma, kunyanya kuti ariko wayo kwazvo (pasina kundizivisa mashoko) kunetseka uye akashatirwa kuti vamwe vedu American. Chikonzero chaiva kutya yakawedzerwa projectile Range (3500 km), riri pamutemo anotyora Pakuurayiwa INF Treaty (chiripo-range). Asi kuti haasi kutya kuUnited States, uye kuti izvi zvine urongwa rwendo zvombo (sezvo vanodanwa, kunyange gungwa, haagoni kukunda) anokwanisa "Hack" zvose miganhu chombo kuzvidzivirira hurongwa kuti United States zvinyoronyoro asi zvishoma nezvishoma vakatamira akananga kumuganhu Russian.

muenzaniso uyu atogamuchira "NATO" ayo rokuti: Koala AS-X-21. We vanouti zvakasiyana, kureva hypersonic experimental ndege (naGael).

The musimboti ayo chiito chine pakuti, vachisiya bhomba bays of Tu-160 ari nekukwirira 7 kusvika 20 makiromita, iye agadzirisa Delta mapapiro uye muswe, uye ipapo kumhanya akisarareta Inowedzera kuti projectile kuti supersonic, uye pashure paizvozvo kunouya kushanda mukuru injini. Mwero kuderera mune zveminda kukwira 5 M, uye wake naGael nenhokwe kuti chinangwa, izvo zvinogona kare kunzi takangosikwa. KR gamha ichi kwakaoma zvisingaiti.

"Uranus", wengarava uye avhiyesheni

Anti-chikepe zvombo uye vanowanzobatwa rwendo. trajectory dzavo, sezvo mutemo, rakafanana kurwa kosi pano dzomuzana. Kugadzira zvombo izvi muSoviet Union akanga achiparidza akagadzira muhofisi "Star". Muna 1984, mukuru mugadziri G. I. Hohlovu akanga tasked nokusika nzira dzakaoma rokurwisa muvengi pamusoro wengarava zvinangwa misha kuti matani anosvika zviuru zvishanu (kureva zviduku) ari ezvinhu basa yemagetsi countermeasures uye kunzwisisa Meteorological ezvinhu. Mubayiro chikwata nesimba raiva X-35 "Uranus", maererano maitiro ayo nehasha rinoenderana parameters weAmerican KR "anopinza" uye rinogona kushandiswa salvo muoti. The Range riri 120? Km kukundwa. The kunzwisisa ari vakapakata kwegadziriro kuonekwa, zvitupa uye kutungamirirwa, yakasimbiswa kwete kurwa zviumbu of Navy, asiwo mhepo vatakuri (helicopters Ka-27, Ka-28, third-29, Su-24, Su-30, Su-35, Tu-142, Yak-141 nevamwe), izvo yekudyidzana kunosvika nezvaanogona ino chombo. Kutanga anoitwa musi Ultra-pasi kukwira (200 m), Anti chikepe zvombo izvi mhando vakatakudzwa panguva kumhanya dzinopfuura 1,000 km / h pamusoro anongoda mafungu (kubvira 5 kusvika 10 m, uye yokupedzisira chidimbu kubva trajectory uye anoita donhwe kuna makubhiti matatu). Tichifunga duku kukura projectile (4 mamita pakureba, masendimita 40), zvinogona vaifungidzira kuti anosangana nayo matambudziko chaizvo.

"Mazana X"

Mushure mhepo dzakadzivirirwa zvose Soviet uye American, yakasvika kukura yakakwirira okuita, pamusoro pokushandisa svobodnopadayuschih zvombo akasiyiwa anenge zvose kunyika. Kuwanikwa anonyatsoita, hwakavimbika uye simba inokosha Ndege chakaita vatungamiriri vemauto kutsvaka kushandiswa kwavari, uye vakawana. Muna US B-52, uye muna Soviet Union Tu-95 akatanga kushandiswa senzvimbo ndege chombo launchers. Munguva nineties huru vatakuri Russian zvombo tactical uye inokosha mhosva, akapa kupfura ndege pasina kuyambuka miganhu kudzivirira, simbi X-101. In kufanana navo hwakura chose kufanana mazano, vaikwanisa akatakura zvenyukireya warheads. Vose CD iri parizvino Classified, kuziva kwavo waivako unhu vakaisa chete vashoma vanhu. We chete kuziva kuti muenzaniso itsva basa vagamuchira, zvakasiyana rakawedzera rwisana nharaunda (vanopfuura zviuru zvishanu kilometers) uye zvinoshamisa kukundwa zvakarurama (kusvika 10 mamita). Warhead X-101 ane mukuru-putika kusabatana stuffing, uye chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti ichi kwaari. keriya spetszaryada angasava saizvozvo yakarurama: kuputika simba wezviuru kilotons metres shoma kurudyi kana kuruboshwe regai kutamba zvikuru basa. For X-102 (mutakuri yenyukireya) kunokosha zvikuru kupfuura kure.

"Winged" nzira

zvinhu zvose, kusanganisira mhando zvombo vanogona kuonekwa chete zvatinoita kuenzanisa. Pane zvakasiyana kudzivirira dzidziso, uye panguva apo dzimwe nyika vanotsvaka kumhedziso Kudzora yose, apo vamwe kungoda kuti vazvidzivirire kubva zvichibvira hasha proclivities. Kana iwe enzanisa rwendo zvombo, Russia, uye United States, zvinganzi vakagumisa kuti michina parameters zvombo American havana kusapfuudza nezvaanogona pamusoro vorongerwa dzavo. mativi ose vari vachitamba kuwedzera muhondo nharaunda, izvo zvishoma nezvishoma anotora CD kubva muchikwata mazano, achivapa zvakawanda "kuti nzira." Pfungwa kuti kukwanisa kugadzirisa geopolitical kupokanidzana nokushandisa kamwe uye destructional amurove, kwete kushanya romusoro nePentagon vemauto rokutanga - zvakakwana kuyeuka urongwa kubhombiwa of Soviet guru maindasitiri uye kudzivirira nzvimbo, yakatanga mukupera forties uye mangwanani vamakumi mashanu, pakarepo mushure chitarisiko nhamba yakakwana US zvenyukireya warheads.

AGM-158B nevazukuru zvenguva, USA

The chidzoke pakubhadhara itsva zvombo muUnited States ndiyo chiitiko National kukosha. Mitero vanofara kuziva kuti mari inobhadharwa navo kuti bhajeti, hurumende yava imwe uchapupu US yose kutonga. Rating mubato kuwedzera, vavhoti vanofarira. Saka muna 2014, apo US inokosha mauto vakapiwa itsva KR AGM-158B kuenda neherikoputa, akasika pasi mupomerwi chirongwa Joint Air To pemvura Standoff Chombo Extended Range, rakapfupikiswa JASSM-ER, izvo zvinoreva kuti chigadzirwa ichi rinotarisirwa kurova pose panyika uye ane kwenguva-siyana mafomu. Nevakawanda kuziviswa chombo itsva, muchitonga kubva yakabudiswa data, hakuna nzira kudarika X-102. Range AGM-158B ndege rine kujeka, mune zvakawanda - kubva 350 kusvika 980 km zvinoreva kuvimba kwayo pamusoro kurema warhead. Ungangove, kuti nharaunda chaiyo muripo renyukireya wake zvakafanana kuti ari X-102, kuti ndiye 3500? Km. Russia uye US rwendo zvombo vane ndezvomuzana chete nokukurumidza, uremu uye miganhu. Taura pamusoro American rwokugadzira ukuru hakusi zvakakodzera uyewo nokuda nani zvakarurama, ichokwadi, sezvataona, ichi yakawandisa kukosha Ranwa zvenyukireya, iye haana.

Other KR muRussia uye US

X-101 X-102 - handiyo chete rwendo zvombo ari Russian zvombo. Kunze kwavari wakangwarira uye dzimwe ivhu vane akashongedzera Pulsejet sezvo 16 uye X 10 HN (kusvikira nazvo), Anti-KS-1, DAC 2, DAC 5, nenyunje dzakakwirira-putika rakapinza warhead kana oskolochno- kana zvenyukireya putika mabasa. Ungayeuka zvikuru ano KR X-20, X-22 X-55, izvo rakazova zvikabva pamusoro X-101. Uye ipapo "mujuru," "Mosquito", "ametesti", "malachite", "Basalt", "Granite", "zveonikisi", "Yakhont" uye dzimwe vamiririri "ibwe" dzakatevedzana. Izvi rwendo zvombo Russia kwemakore akawanda vari mubasa pamwe Air Force uye Navy, uye voruzhinji kuziva nezvavo zvakawanda, asi kwete mose.

VokuAmerica vane zera vashoma rwendo zvombo vamba kupfuura AGM-158B. Izvi tactical "mukadzi anorwa nemabhuru» MGM-1, "Shark» SSM-A-3 "imbwa yokuvhimisa» AGM-28, ambotaurwa "anopinza", "Quick Hawk" zvakasikwa zvigadziko. Usanete muUnited States uye kubva yaunovimba "Tomahawk", asi vari kushanda aizobudirira X-51, kukwanisa vabhururuke hypersonic aimhanya.

Mune dzimwe nyika

Kunyange munyika kure, apo anenge vaongorori nemauto vanogona kutaura chete ingano, imwe tsvagai chinoumba Russian kana American muchiuto kutyisidzira, mainjiniya uye masayendisiti ari kushanda kutanga yayo rwendo zvombo. Hapana chiitiko chakanaka chaizvo vachirwa muna Falkland Islands, Argentina kwakaita utariri kuti govera mari okugadzira "Elat AM-1." Pakistan "Hatf Baber-VII 'anogona kumhanyira kubva muvhu zvivako, ngarava uye Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, ine subsonic nokukurumidza (vanenge 900 km / h) uye zvakawanda anosvika 700? Km. Iye kunyange akapa, mukuwedzera kwakajairika warhead, zvenyukireya. In China, nhatu marudzi yakabereka KR (YJ-62, YJ-82, YJ-83). Taiwan anosangana "Syunfenom 2E". Basa iri mberi, dzimwe nguva chaizvo kubudirira munyika European (Germany, Sweden, France), uyewo muna UK, chinangwa chiri kusapfuudza rwendo zvombo, Russia kana United States, uye kuwana chombo zvakabatsirawo nemauto avo pachavo. Kuunza yakadaro yakaoma uye yepamusorosoro michina inodhura zvakare, uye akura nokubudirira mumunda ichi zvinowanikwa chete superpower.