Yepasi pemvura - chii ichi? Russian yepasi pemvura

The yepasi pemvura - iri yoga kirasi ngarava kuti vanokwanisa svetuka kune makuru yakadzika uye kwenguva refu pasi mvura. Nhasi Ngarava dzepasi pemvura ndivo chikuru chombo tactical of Navy upi rudzi. mukana wavo chikuru - namano. Izvi zvinoita Ngarava dzepasi pemvura chinokosha ezvinhu hondo.

History rezvisikwa: kutanga

Kokutanga panyaya kuti yepasi pemvura, akapa rinoshanda mhinduro kuna Leonardo da Vinci. Akarondedzera kwayo zvechiuto uye tactical zvakanaka uye nguva refu aishanda pamusoro marongerwo ari mudziyo, asi pakupedzisira vakapisa ose yokutevedzera yayo, nokuti kutya kusingarapiki nemigumisiro.

Muna 1578 iri Chirungu musayendisiti William Bourne kwomushumo wake akaronga yepasi pemvura, iyo akaonekwa naye dzakadzika Sea Black. Akarondedzera yepasi pemvura - hazvina seyokutanga U-chikepe rakagadzirwa Groenland kubva ganda uye amatenhe. Ngarava yavo kutsigisa igwa matangi, uye aiita somunhu aidzidzisa chimbini. yepasi pemvura akadaro kugona kwenguva refu pasi mvura, asi kunyange ipapo akaratidza zvinoshamisa zvabuda.

Official chirongwa kuvaka Ngarava dzepasi pemvura akaitwa pachena chete muna 1620. Nokubvumira kuvakwa akapa Chirungu Korol Yakov I. afunge pemvura mudziyo akatora Dutch injiniya K. Drebbel. Nokukurumidza igwa rakanga vakabudirira akaedzwa muLondon. Engines kutanga pemvura chikepe muUK vaishanda namatanda okukwasva-vachiwana. MuRussia, pfungwa pakusika neboka rengarava chokugutsikana akavanzika naPetro I. Zvisinei, pamwe nokufa kwake basa akaurayiwa chipande. Muna 1834 makanga wokutanga-metal zvose pasi pemvura yepasi pemvura. muvambi waro aiva Russian injiniya K. Schilder. Hwindimiri vakanga Rowing mudziyo. Miedzo vakabudirira, uye nyika pemvura kushanda chombo rokutanga akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze pakupera kwegore.

The US Navy vasingagoni kumira parutivi. Muna 1850 akatanga chirongwa vachitungamirirwa L. Hunley. The chikepe hwaidzorwa kubva yoga mupanda. Injini akashandisa guru sikuruwa vakaruka vezvikepe mhuri. Observation vakayambuka miganhu maduku ari redzimba. Muna 1864, mwana wokutanga Hunley akanyura chikepe mupikisi. Zvadaro, vabudirira vatingataura pamusoro Russia uye France.

Panguva World First Ngarava dzepasi pemvura dzakanga vakapakata Diesel uye dzemagetsi Motors. In mazano chizvarwa chitsva Ngarava dzepasi pemvura Starring mainjiniya Russian. Munguva yehondo mukurwa kwaisanganisira 600 megungwa midziyo, izvo pakupedzisira rikanyura vanenge 200 ngarava uye kuvaparadzi.

History chokusika: kwenguva itsva

By pakutanga kweHondo Yenyika II Ngarava dzepasi pemvura zhinji vakanga pakuenzanisa USSR (211 muzvikamu). Panzvimbo yechipiri kumire flotilla Italy - 115 Ngarava dzepasi pemvura. Next ndiye United States, France, Britain, Japan, uye chete ipapo Germany ne 57 mudziyo yakadzika-gungwa. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti yepasi pemvura ichi kwainzi huru revarwi Unit Navy munguva yehondo. Izvi zvinoratidza chokwadi chokuti Soviet Union predominated pamusoro pegungwa uye pasi kusvikira pakupera kweHondo Yenyika II. Mhosva yaiva yepasi pemvura kuti rikanyura anokwana anopfuura 400 ngarava muvengi. Nepo yepasi pemvura aigona svetuka kusvika 150 metres, apo pasi mvura kwemaawa anoverengeka. Paavhareji nokukurumidza inenge 6 nokusunungura mapfundo. A yechimurenga pemvura ouinjiniya wabereka zvibereko rinozivikanwa musayendisiti Walter. Iye akagadzira streamlined muviri uye injini uchishanda rehydrogen peroxide. Izvi zvakaita kuti Ngarava dzepasi pemvura kukurira kumhanya chipingamupinyi 25 nokusunungura mapfundo.

Ngarava dzepasi pemvura nhasi

Modern yepasi pemvura - zviri deepwater webasa kushandisa ayo renyukireya simba miti pave zvakakodzera simba. Uyewo simba rinopiwa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura ndivo mabhatiri, Diesel michini, Stirling injini uye mamwe mafuta masero. Panguva iyoyo, izvi rwisana zviumbu vakapfuma rengarava munyika 33.

Kare kuma1990, NATO kwakaita chombo raiva 217 midziyo, kusanganisira SSBNs uye SSNs. Panguva iyoyo, Russia yakanga pakuenzanisa zvishoma pane 100 dzakabatana. Muna 2004, ivo Russian Federation akarayira kuItaly pakusikwa duku vasiri renyukireya yepasi pemvura mhando. Basa akanzi S1000. Kunyange zvakadaro, muna 2014 kwave chando mubvumirane. Nhasi, mumwe uchitsanya uye seanokwanisa kuita zvinhu zvizhinji Ngarava dzepasi pemvura vanoonekwa kuti rehydrogen. Ichi zvakadzama U-212 mudziyo kirasi, izvo achangobva yakatanga kubudiswa muna Germany. magwa kwakadaro anoshanda pahwaro rehydrogen, nokudaro kuwana kunonyanyisa noiseless kufamba.

kupatsanura pakati Ngarava dzepasi pemvura

Ngarava dzepasi pemvura zvinogona mapoka mapoka panyaya Mapato:

1. Maererano mhando simba manyuko: simba renyukireya, Diesel, hwemvura uye gasi, mafuta, rehydrogen.
2. Use: Multipurpose, inokosha, specialized.
3. size: cruising, unosvikirwa, diki.
4. Maererano mhando zvombo: torpedoes, ballistic, chombo, yakavhenganiswa.

The inonyanya chikwata ndiyo yepasi pemvura yakadzika yenyukireya. Izvi mhando Ngarava dzepasi pemvura ine yayo kupatsanura:

1. SSBN - zvenyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura pamwe ballistic zvombo.
2. PLARK - zvenyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura pamwe rwendo zvombo.
3. MPLATRK - multipurpose chombo yepasi pemvura Avangard, mukuru simba mabviro inova reactor yenyukireya.
4. DPLRK - Diesel Ngarava dzepasi pemvura pamwe zvombo uye torpedoes.

Kubva experimental mhando kunogona kusiyaniswa: ruchibhururuka, mapapiro uye isingagarwi rwizi yepasi pemvura.

Kunyatsogona patani

Ngarava dzepasi pemvura dzine 2 Zvivako: chiedza uye yakasimba. Rokutanga kupa ngarava akavandudzika hydrodynamic zvivako uye wechipiri - kuchengetedza hombe remvura nevezera. MAKOMO vakaungana kubva Stainless simbi, zvisinei, kazhinji zvaitika uye titanium alloys. On the yepasi pemvura anonyanya Matangi kutsigisa igwa uye Trim kuzvidzora. Kutiva rinoitwa kushandisa hydroplanes. Dzichiuya anofananidzira misha kwemvura compressed mhepo kubva kutsigisa igwa matangi. Kufamba muchikepe atungamirire Diesel kana simba renyukireya zvirimwa. Ngarava dzepasi pemvura Small kumhanya pamusoro mabhatiri uye magetsi. Special Diesel emagetsi zvinoshandiswa kuchaja. In kushandiswa sezvo gwenya propellers.

Mhando zvombo

Chinangwa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura iri kuita chaicho mabasa:

- kuparadzwa warships,
- kubviswa multi-chinangwa midziyo,
- kuparadzwa yomuvengi zvine urongwa zvinhu.

Zvichienderana zvinangwa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura akaisa mhando zvakakodzera zvombo: zvimbambaira, torpedoes, zvitundumuseremusere, atirari magetsi. Nokuti kudzivirira, ngarava dzakawanda yakadzika-gungwa akashandisa inotakurika mhepo kudzivirira enyika.

Russian yepasi pemvura

Mumwe azvino vakagamuchirwa panguva Fleet akasvika Ngarava dzepasi pemvura "Halibut". Kuvaka 24 inokwana zviyero kwemakore anenge 20, kubva 1982. Nhasi, pane kurasira Ngarava dzepasi pemvura Russian ndiyo 18 "Halibut". Boats dzakavakwa yechinangwa chirongwa 877. kwakadzika-mvura idzi ngarava yakava prototypes paiya inonzi "Varshavyanka". Muna 2004 iye akaberekwa ari chizvarwa chitsva yepasi pemvura, "vakanciq", kushanda elektrodizelnoy installation. The mudziyo rakagadzirirwa kuparadza chero muvengi kunangwa. Izvi Ngarava dzepasi pemvura Russian dzinowanda kunokwana shoma padanho ruzha. Nokuda mukuru Mari yaidiwa kuvaka yakanga nokukurumidza yakadhirika.

The chikuru unoshamisa rehondo Russian rengarava ndiyo yepasi pemvura yenyukireya "Pike-B". Chirongwa kwemakore anopfuura 20 kusvikira 2004. Nhasi Ngarava dzepasi pemvura iyi mhando pamusoro Russian vakashongera ndiyo 11 dzakabatana. "Pike-B" anogona kusvika nokukurumidza 33 nokusunungura mapfundo, kunyudzwa kuti mamita 600 uye ari zvionera kufamba mazuva 100. Capacity - vanhu 73. Kuvaka imwe chikwata arasikirwe chefuma vanenge 785 mln. Dollars.

Uye zvombo ari rengarava vakadaro Ngarava dzepasi pemvura kwenyukireya kuRussia, se "Shark", "Dolphin", "Barracuda", "Kalmar", "Antey" uye vamwe.

The Newest yepasi pemvura

Mu "Warszawianka" dzino nokukurumidza kukasawedzerwa wokuRussia wengarava muzvikamu itsva. Izvi zvichava Newest yepasi pemvura "Krasnodar" uye "vanha Oskol". Boats vachaenda basa yechipiri yezana 2015. Nechiteshi chengarava midziyo yakadzika-gungwa "Kolpino" uye "The Great Novgorod", asi kuvaka ravo rapera chete pakazopera 2016. Somugumisiro, kuchava 6 "Warszawianka" zvakagadzirwa vezvikwata pamusoro Black Sea Fleet kuti nepakati papepa. Vamiriri dzino zvakagadzirirwa kuti vadzivirire muvengi kurwiswa, ndiko, kudzivirira nezvigadziko wengarava, kukurukurirana, kumahombekombe. Ngarava dzepasi pemvura "Varshavyanka" rinoreva vakanyarara mhando. Elektrodizelnom basa injini.

Kureba yepasi pemvura iri 74 m, nohupamhi -. 10 M motokari Underwater inogona kusvika nokukurumidza 20 nokusunungura mapfundo. Kunyudza vomukova - 300 M kushambira upenyu -. Kusvikira mazuva 45.

Vasisina uye mungarava yepasi pemvura

Kutozosvikira 1940s, Ngarava dzepasi pemvura uye vakarasikirwa makadzika yamakungwa uye nyanza. Zvikonzero izvi zvaiva zvakagadzirwa zvikanganiso uye kuri kutsauka recaps, uye chakavanzika nemauto kushandiswa vavengi.

Mushure World Second zvinofungidzirwa zvisipo yepasi pemvura dzakabatana. Mumakore 50 apfuura, mainjiniya zvasvika Parainge. Kubva 1950 yepasi pemvura hakunganzi ngozi upenyu rikarira uye kuwadzana muvengi pakarepo ndee rechiuto nechimwe. Ndokusaka emakore achangopfuura, saka akarasika zvishoma Ngarava dzepasi pemvura. Ngarava wakakurumbira zvikuru kurasikirwa anonzi "chinyavada" (USA), kuti "Dakar" (Israeri) uye "Minerva" (France). Zvinokosha kuti vose vari vatatu mungarava yepasi pemvura yakadonha pasi tsarukano mukati 2 vhiki 1968. Mishumo iri zvose zvitatu njodzi akataura zvinowanikwa zvinosanganisira chinhu, mushure kuonana uyo kutaura vaunoshanda chakarasika nokusingaperi.

In yose, mumakore 60 apfuura zvave pamutemo akanyorwa 8 mungarava Ngarava dzepasi pemvura zvenyukireya, kusanganisira nhanhatu Russian uye vaviri American. Chokutanga chaiva chikepe "Thresher" (USA), mungarava izvo kwaiva 129 vanhu. The tsaona yakaitika somugumisiro kurwiswa muvengi muna 1963. The yose vashandi akaurayiwa.

Kupfuura dzinonakidza uye akashungurudzwa ndiyo njodzi yepasi pemvura "Kursk". Muzhizha ra2000 nokuda kuputika Avangard iri mupanda chikepe chokutanga vakanyura makadzika kweGungwa Barents. Somugumisiro, vanhu 118 vakaurayiwa.