Chingwa govera mu rakakombwa Leningrad: govera blockade

Chingwa govera mu rakakombwa Leningrad Vakanga rinotsanangurwa zvakajeka kuti zvikamu zvakasiyana vemo. Yaiva chete uye yakavimbika nzira kuparadzira zvigadzirwa, zvinopa tariro youpenyu. Sei kupona muchando, guta rakakombwa, tora maoko enyu pamusoro 125 chete magiramu chingwa zuva? Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu iri Tichitarisa simba romudzimu varume nguva uye nokutenda kusingazununguki mukukunda. Kukombwa Leningrad - nyaya unofanira kuziva uye yeuka Feat muzita vanhu vakanga vachibayira hwavo uye akapona zvikuru zvinotyisa kukomba munhoroondo yevanhu.

Blockade: Historical Background

mazuva 900, kubvira September 1941 kusvika January 1944, vakaburukira munhau sendarama inosuruvarisa mazuva kanenge 800,000 upenyu vanogara muguta rino.

Leningrad yaikosha tichitarisa Germany Command, yainzi "Barbarossa". Pashure pezvose, guta rino, maererano isingachinji nzira Germany Field Marshal Paurosi, vaifanira anoteverwa kugamuchira Moscow. chirongwa yaHitler kwaifanira kupera. Vanotsigira Leningrad vaisabvumirwa guta. Dzikava chinhu nhare haripindiki Leningrad kare wakaitwa kufamba muuto reGermany muruwa.

Guta rakakombwa, kunze vokuGermany makatanga vanoshingaira kuparadza Leningrad, rinorema atirari uye ndege.

Zvikuru anotyisa mutsekwende

Nzara - kuti umo vakawanda zvakakanganisa vanhu Leningrad. By guta rakakombwa dzakavharwa ose nzira, iyo akaita kuti zvibvire kuti vanunure zvigadzirwa. Vanhu Leningrad vakasiyiwa voga mumatambudziko avo.

Chingwa govera mu rakakombwa Leningrad vaiva pasi 5 nguva. Nzara nokuti kuti panguva iyo blockade muguta vasina zvakakwana mafuta uye zvokudya. Lake Ladoga - gwara chete kuti zvaigoneka chikafu delivery, asi mukana nzira ichi chitsotsi zvigadzirwa havana zvidikanwi vagari Leningrad.

Misa nenzara akanga kuoma kunyange zvakakomba chando, mazana ezviuru zvevanhu havagoni kurarama muguta rakakombwa.

ndaisazombodya Leningrad

Vanopfuura mamiriyoni 2 vanhuwo zvavo vaigara Leningrad panguva yacho blockade. Kana muvengi vakatanga kushingaira kuparadza guta, kutokonora, kubhombiwa uye moto vava dzose, vakawanda vakaedza kusiya guta. Zvisinei, zvose migwagwa zvakavharwa yakavimbika.

On the iripo hurumende papurazi minda guta rakakombwa nokungwarira akaunganidzawo zvose zvinogona kudyiwa. Asi matanho aya havana kuponeswa kubva nzara. Nechekare November 20 migove chingwa ari vakakomba Leningrad akanga kuchekwa kechishanu. Kunze chingwa, vanhu zvachose. Izvi kwaiva kutanga govera zvikuru nenzara nguva munhoroondo Leningrad.

The chokwadi pamusoro nzara: zvinyorwa

Munguva yehondo, vakawanda nenzara pamusoro Leningrad zvakavanzwa chokwadi. kudzivirira vatungamiri guta munzira dzose akakudzivisai kuti chidzoke mashoko nezvedambudziko iri anodhinda nhau. Pakapera hondo, ari blockade kuti Leningrad akaonekwa njodzi. Zvisinei, akaenzaniswa kuti hurumende akatora maererano kukurira nenzara, zvakaoma kuva nehanya.

Zvino muunganidzwa magwaro wacho kubva Leningrad yamabhuku kuti tikwanise kujekesa mubvunzo uyu.

Inojekesa mashoko pamusoro "Tsentrzagotzerno" hofisi nzara iri Leningrad. Kubva gwaro iri, iro anoudza pamusoro chinzvimbo chezviyo zvokuyamura yechipiri yezana 1941, unogona kuona kuti pane July wegore iroro, zvinhu nezviyo rinopiwa vaiva zvakasimba. naizvozvo vakasarudza kudzokera Port steamers nezviyo zvakanga aivigirwa.

Nepo paiva zvinoita njanji iri zvashata muoti muguta dzakanga zvifambiswe nziyo umo zviyo kwakanga. Zviito izvi vakabatsira kuti kusvikira November 1941 bhekari indasitiri kushanda pasina kuvhiringidzwa.

Chii chakaita siringi njanji linked

Zvinhu mauto nyore vakarayira kuti nezuva chingwa govera mu rakakombwa Leningrad yakanga yawedzera. Zvisinei, kana kuchiteshi kubatana yakavharwa, zvinhu zvokudya vapiswa yekudyidzana. Nechekare muna September 1941, Food toughened austerity matanho.

Migove ezvingwa vagari rakakombwa Leningrad akanga zvikuru ipfupi. Nokuti nguva kubva September kusvika November kwegore hondo vashandi vakagamuchira 800 d rokutanga, akatanga nyaya chete 250 vashandi vane mari 600 g, zvokudya zvishoma kusvika 125, zvakafanana chingwa uye vakatanga kupa vana avo kare aivimba 400 guta

Maererano nokupeta ari NKVD pakati Leningrad nharaunda, vanourayiswa vagari zvikuru kwakawedzera. Kunyanya neshungu blockade vanhu pamusoro nemakore 40 uye vacheche.

Misi richikwidibira tsika chingwa ari rakakombwa Leningrad

Migove ezvingwa VOKUPARIDZIRA iripo pamberi blockade. Maererano nemagwaro zvakachengetedzwa, musi waSeptember 2, 1941 zvikuru (800 g) rwaiwanikwa zvechiuto uye vachishanda inopisa muzvitoro. 200 g vakafunga kushanda zvishoma, vanobata mafekitari. Hafu pokunamatidza inopisa nokushanda chirimwa vakagadzirira vashandi ndaisazombodya chakanga vana 400 uye paanofa vakapiwa 300 g chingwa.

September 11, pazuva 4th zuva blockade, vose nemitemo achivaratidza migove kuna vashandi uye vashandi vave kuderedzwa 100 g

October 1, 1941 chingwa mitemo iri vakakomba Leningrad vava zvakare nekuti vashandi pa 100 g, vana uye paanofa vakapiwa 200 d

November 13 aiva mumwe akavezwa prices. Uye mushure memazuva 7, 20 November, zvakanzi zvakare yakasarudza zvakakomba upfumi nezviyo mumatanda. Shoma chingwa govera mu rakakombwa Leningrad rakazivikanwa - 125 d

The nguva kubva November 20 kusvika December 25, 1941 anonzi yakaomesesa munhoroondo kukombwa, nekuti inguva apo rokugoverwa akanga aderedzwa kushoma. Panguva iyi, vakuru vakuru, vana uye paanofa vakagamuchira anokwana 125 magiramu chingwa, 250 magiramu vashandi vanotenda, uye vaya vaishanda vari inopisa zvitoro - 375 Weekend chingwa govera mu akakomba Leningrad ndechokuti vagari vazhinji muguta haaizorarama ichi kumwedzi. With hapana zvokudya, vanhu vakanga rufu. Pashure pezvose, kuwedzera kukoshesa 125 d rakakombwa chingwa, vasina. Uye ichi wakashongedzwa migove nokuda kubhombiwa hakusi rakapa.

Sezvo December 25, ndozvakajairwa chingwa govera vose Mapato ose unokupai vemo vakatanga kukura, izvozvo akapa kwete chete kumanikidza vagari asiwo kutotenda kukunda muvengi.

Chingwa govera mu rakakombwa Leningrad ikawanda nokuda vakaurayiwa vazhinji vanhu akapa kushanda Road reUpenyu mhiri Lake Ladoga. Muvengi tsitsi shelled kununura yemapurisa, izvo akabvumira kwete chete kuchinja nerubatsiro zviyo guta, asi kutama yevagari. Kazhinji kuputsika chando chaiva chikonzero chokuti muchina nezviyo chete vakanyura.

Muna 1942, kubva pasi kwegungwa zviyo akatanga kuwana siyana. Umhare basa vanhu ava, nokuti vaifanira kushanda pasi moto muvengi. Chokutanga, tsanga migomo akatorako manually. isu Gare gare kuti chinangwa ichi vakashandisa pombi chaiyo yakagadzirwa ivhu okuchenesa.

Kubva iyo chingwa chakabikwa blockade

Mumatanda zvezviyo muguta raiva shoma. Naizvozvo, kuti blockade chingwa yakanga yakasiyana chaizvo kubva zvetsika zvakabikwa chigadzirwa kwatiri. Kana kugocha furawa chakawedzerwa mu siyana inedible netsvina kuponesa chikuru chezvinonhuwira kuti tikundikane. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kazhinji inedible netsvina yaiva zvinopfuura hafu.

Yokuderedza kudyiwa hwakatsetseka, doro kugadzirwa kwakaregwa kubva September 23. mumatanda All nebhari, bran, mumera uye soybean takaendeswa kune Mabheka. Sezvo September 24, chingwa akatanga kuwedzera O husks, cellulose, uye gare gare wholemeal guruva.

Mushure December 25, 1941 kuchena kubva rinenge akanyangarika. Asi chinhu chinonyanya kukosha - kubva panguva iyoyo chingwa govera mu akakomba Leningrad, vane mapikicha kuonekwa munyaya yakawedzera.

Facts uye Figures

Munguva blockade pamusoro munharaunda zvakanaka kuita chingwa Mabheka 6.

Kubva pakutanga blockade chingwa chakabikwa efurawa, riri akawedzera mumera, oats uye soyabhinzi. About 8000 matani mumera uye 5000 matani oats yaishandiswa sezvo dzinodyiwa kumwedzi.

Gare gare, akanga yakawanikwa cottonseed kudya mu uwandu 4 zviuru matani. Masayendisiti zvidzidzo kuedza akawanda vakaratidza kuti mukuru tembiricha iri hunokachidza fuma huri Zvinoumba keke, raparadzwa. Saka chingwa rakakombwa akatanga kupinda zvakawanda uye cottonseed kudya.

Makore zvaanopfuura, vachisiya vanhu vakapupurira rinotyisa nguva, anoenda nyaya. Uye kamwe tinokwanisa dzakachengeta ari anotyisa blockade, iro akakunda guta Leningrad. Rangarirai! Nokuti Feat yokupona uye vaigara vakafa Leningrad!