Chii mumhepo magetsi?

sayenzi yemazuva ane hwakanyatsorwisa yakawanda ruzivo pamusoro paNyika mumhepo uye dzakasiyana-siyana pezvakaitwa kuitika mairi. Zvaizoratidza sokuti izvi zvose zvinofanira zvakanaka kudzidzwa uye akanyatsokopwa modeled kufarira masayendisiti mumarabhoritari. Zvisinei, chokwadi ndechokuti zvinoitika kuti saka kure hapana yakajeka, inonzwisisika mufananidzo mananara akadai mumhepo magetsi. Mukupesana, pane dzakawanda yokutevedzera, chimwe nechimwe chine pluses ayo uye minuses.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Murume akamira kwakatangira kwesainzi uye kuzosimbisa huvepo hwomene Fani iyi nyika yakakurumbira ideologist of United States ichiva - Benjamin Franklin. Zvechokwadi, mumhepo magetsi sezvo panyama chakajairika pamberi pake padariro tsvagai Masvomhu. Mumwe dzakavamba dzamadzibaba America, wokutanga kuratidza kuvapo kwayo mudenga, uye akatsanangura zvikonzero panowanikwa mheni. Chinonyanya kunakidza munyaya ino - kuti Franklin akashandisa rengavi kuratidzei chaiwo waya wakarodzwa pamusoro payo.

Kunhonga saka magetsi, iye ane dzomoto, kuvhura kiyi pasi nyore zano. Simple nzira kuratidza kuvapo mhosva nezvimedu mumhepo, zvisinei, haana zvitadzise zvemashoko enyika ichi chikuru uye musayendisiti iri yokutanga pasi kukurukurwa pano ari mananara zvakasikwa. Mune ramangwana, yefizikisi munyika vakatanga kusimbisa zvabuda vakawana pachavo kuedza izvi mhando.

Chii mumhepo magetsi?

Kubatana uku pezvakaitwa siyana kukonzerwa pamberi mhosva inoramba iri mumhepo yakapoteredza pasi. Masayendisiti vakaongorora chinoshamisa zvakadaro, yemagetsi munda zvomumhepo, ayo zvikuru, kuti dzenzvimbo kuripo panyaya iyi, iyo nzvimbo mhosva uye nemamwe zvinhu zvizhinji. Somuenzaniso, mamiriro okunze, kwezvakatipoteredza zvikonzero nezvainoita siyana sectors kwevanhu basa anthropological: avhiyesheni, maindasitiri, zvokurima, uye zvichingodaro ..

Rekurira chaiko Fananidzo

Redu ari moita masaisai rakada chinhu chihombe idenderedzwa capacitor. Ichi nyore zano kuti anogona kuponesa magetsi. Sezvo hofori capacitor electrodes zvinogona aionekwa ionosphere uye pasi pevhu pacharo. Panyaya iyi mhepo mabasa sechinhu insulator iyo, chaiye ezvinhu, ane shoma chaizvo magetsi conductivity. pamusoro The Earth chiri isakarurama mhosva uye ionosphere - chokwadi.

Sezvo pakati mahwendefa ane kwakajairika capacitor, pane aumbwa wemagetsi munda yakaruma zvachose nemamwe maitiro. Somuenzaniso, ayo kuchinyanya ndiyo kunonyanyisa panguva pamusoro, kudzikira exponentially muwanze kukwira. Zviya, nechekare 10 makiromita pamusoro pegungwa, mutengo waro ka30 yakaderera. munda uyu zvinowanisa muvhu uye siyana zvinokonzerwa, vakabatana pasi mukuru zita "mumhepo magetsi."

Ichi chimwe chezvinhu chakajairika ano musayenzi zvivezwa nyika. Inonzi Wilson kuti dzidziso. Panewo pfungwa Arayirwa musayendisiti Soviet Frenkel, maererano izvo ionosphere asina kutamba chero rinokosha pakasikwa wemagetsi munda. Aidavira kuti akaumba kunyanya nokuda kukurukurirana pamusoro pemvura paNyika uye mumakore, uyewo avo polarization.

rwokuzvarwa jenareta

Asi kana ukaenda shure capacitor womuenzaniso, izvo kwete chete inopa ringanidzo wakanaka, asi zviri hunonzi zvinogoneka kusika manyuko dzinenge vakasununguka simba, mumhepo magetsi kunoratidzwa chete dzinokosha pezvakaitwa dzakawanda. Ngatikurukurei inokosha.

Chokutanga vanonzi leakage ano. Kana kwakajairika capacitor ndiko parasitic nemigumisiro kuti kubudirira kwayo kuramba mhosva. Kana mhepo iri convective dzenzvimbo kuumbwa, somuenzaniso, dutu uye dutu munzvimbo. simba ravo rinosvika makumi ezviuru amperes, uye, pasinei ichi, zvinogona kusiyana panyika uye ionosphere haasi kuwana chero kuchinja, kuramba, sezvingatarisirwa, munda simba. B kuitika munhu capacitor redunhu, zvinokwanisika kana okuwedzera jenareta chete.

Zvichitevera pfungwa, zvakakodzera kufunga kuvapo chinhu chakafanana panyaya Pasi muchadenga. Zvechokwadi, akadaro simba rine iripo. Izvi remagineti nyika yedu, iyo rotates pamwe nawo karwizi chezuva pave jenareta simba. Panzira, pane pfungwa kushandisa ayo simba, kuchovha inongova mumhepo magetsi. Free simba - iri kusimba anotikurudzira simba nokuda kukura pfungwa yesayenzi muminda yose yebasa kwevanhu. Not akaponesa ichi kuitika uye wefizikisi kuti mhepo yakapoteredza mananara. Asi ichi - gare gare.

mabhanan'ana

Zvinotevera dzinonakidza uye kukosha kwacho kuitika mumhepo - ndiyo dzomoto gasi kukangamwirwa kufamba yemadutu. Sezvo convective dzenzvimbo, ichi chinoshamisa parasitic mu Pakuurayiwa capacitor muenzaniso yemagetsi munda kwakaita pakati panyika uye ionosphere. Uye ichi, zvinosuruvarisa hakungoitwi kune inokanganisa pakuyerera mananara mumhepo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa mheni ngozi pasi zvinhu zvinoitwa nevanhu, kusanganisira kunorira nehana uye chafariz mitoro pematanho ichi chinoshamisa inotyisa.

mheni

Uchapupu magetsi hunhu semheni, saka Washington akaratidza Franklin, anoumba dzinongoitika mubvunzo. Ungangove, iye achiri ainetseka vomunguva dzakavamba baba. Saka, mumhepo magetsi - chiri kumusoro kana yakaderera voltage?

Maererano kare kutaurwa capacitor womuenzaniso, zvinogona kusiyana electrodes vanofanira kuumba yemapuraneti pamwero yemagetsi munda. Zvechokwadi, isakarurama mhosva panyika kudivi uye chokwadi mhosva ionosphere chimiro guru munda simba. Electric mananara mumakore kusika huru nzvimbo mutariri chete panzvimbo dzapasi mhepo. Naizvozvo, munda kuchinyanya nenguva panyika iri yakakura zvikuru kupfuura Somuenzaniso, pane imwe kukwira pamusoro 10 km.

Zviri pachena, yemagetsi munda kusimba zvinowanisa ane simba iyeye dzenzvimbo kuti ruzivo mucherechedzi kuona panguva mabhanan'ana nevanhu pakati latitudes. Saka, zviri voltage mu okuyerera chiteshi zvakakwirira.

St. Elmo kuti moto

Kunze dzomoto mumhepo pane imwe Corona zvinoerera, iyo, nokuda nhoroondo tsika, anonzi mwenje St. Elmo. Zvinoita akafanana mumakwenzi kana luminous matanda kumusoro magumo zvinhu, kufanana masts ngarava, shongwe, uye zvichingodaro. N. Uye kuona chiitiko ichi kunogona chete kuva murima. Mhosva moto St. Elmo ndiko kuwedzera yemagetsi munda kusimba kwezvakatipoteredza, semuenzaniso, kana kusvika kana panguva nemabhanan'ana, dutu, chando madutu uye t. D.

buditsa kwakadaro kunogona kuva nyore chaizvo kuwana pamba. Zvechokwadi, mumhepo magetsi nemaoko avo - zviri nyore. Somuenzaniso, unogona kubvisa yake juzi uye chakaita zvokugadzirwa kutanga kumuunzira tsono. With vamwe kure panguva yayo muromo kuchaita tiite chinogona kuonekwa zvakanaka murima zvachose.

fireball

Kuratidzwa nedutu - gasi zvinoerera, kazhinji vane idenderedzwa chimiro. Zviri pamusoro imwe fireball, inova yakasiyana uye kushoma chaizvo dzinongoitika chaiyo. Masayendisiti achiri havagoni vaungana yakakwana yokungotaura zvikapa kururamisirwa nezvokuvapo chiitiko ichi. Asi kusvikira 2012 pakanga pasina muvhidhiyo uchapupu chokwadi bhora mheni. Ivai kuti hazvo, ndiyo imwe chakavanzika pasi muchadenga, pamusoro izvo zvichiri vakarova masayendisiti.

kwezvakatipoteredza chinhu

Takatodzidza ataurwa pamusoro matambudziko mheni pamusoro siyana zvokuita nevanhu. Atmospheric magetsi somunhu Environmental chinhu pfungwa inokosha zvikuru, izvo anofanira kurega. Nemaonero kukura dzakasiyana-siyana kwevanhu zvinhu inopiwa kwaari Pasi, mhepo mhoteredzo akwanise kuramba kuvapo somunhu rudzi.

Kuvapo minda yemagetsi iri muchadenga ane zvakawanda zvisingafadzi migumisiro mabasa evanhu. Vamwe vavo zvikuru chisingakuvadzi, asi zviratidzo zvakawanda kuita zvakanakisisa ouinjiniya pfungwa kuti kukwira zvinobudirira nzira anokunyaradza rinotyisa romurwizi zvakasikwa.

Health uye vakachengeteka

Atmospheric magetsi uye kudzivirirwa kubva - nyaya inokosha inofanira munyaya akapoteredza ikoroji. Sezvingatarisirwa, ine ngozi zvikuru - pezvitsiga simba kupfuura semheni. Uye ichi rinoshanda kwete chete pasi mhando. Intracloud mheni angangoimutsa kune masangano uye uto avhiyesheni. Zvisinei, vose zvishoma ratinoona mananara inozviisa kuvhara zvichiongororwa uye kudzivirira zvinobvira kukuvara. Vari mubasa rinokosha ouinjiniya mabasa ari chete ndege, shipbuilding kana mheni kudzivirira zvivako, simba dzemapurisa uye zvichingodaro. N.

Free simba

Pakupedzisira ngatidzokerei kumubvunzo anenge akasununguka simba anogona mumhepo magetsi. Tesla, tenzi inozivikanwa kwemheni, vakapedza guru mari kutsvakurudza kuti kushandisa hunobatsira ichi rwokuzvarwa chaiyo. Kuedza kwake hakuna maturo. Modern mainjiniya bvumidzwa nzira dzakasiyana siyana simba kurimwa maererano yokuti pane simba yemagetsi munda pedyo pepasi.

Muenzaniso unoshamisa iri vertically akatasva dunhu ane makateyiwa kondakita, pakati okumusoro miromo izvo zvinogona musiyano anooneka nokuda pamberi chete munda. The simba zvinoberekwa navo, zvinogona abudisa kuumba pamusoro kuguma kondakita raitungamirirwa Corona buditsa. Somugumisiro, muitisi anogona kuchengetwa kuitika, uye nokudaro batanidza nyore kwairi vatengi.

Saka, mumhepo magetsi, pasinei nokutyisidzirwa munhu basa kuipa kwevanhu, uye dzakazonaka tarisiro huru zvose vanhu rakapotsa vakasununguka simba.