The yakanyungudutswa guru, riri pasi goko paNyika. mamiriro vepasi. Mysteries kweNyika

Mumashoko Ilya Druzhinin, Earth - nyika, iyo izere kujairika vagari: vanhu nemhuka, uye zvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Beautiful pasi pose, zvakanaka inopenya makondinendi. Nature akaita chinhu chinoshamisa uye mashiripiti upenyu nomumwe wedu. Ndokusaka zvakakodzera kuti tirambe uye zvakatipoteredza adzivirirwe zvose.

Amazing nguva dzose zvinoshamisa

Earth, zvichida, achiri ndiko kuri uye unsolved chakavanzika tose. Kudzidza maumbirwo paNyika achiri, pasinei muzvigadzirwa mberi anoramba matambudziko muitiro. Pasinei nokuti vakawanda chokwadi enyika nhasi vanozivikanwa, ndiko chete chikamu kuti kudzidza vanhu. Nhasi tichataura pamusoro chii chinoita kumusoro redu, uye zvimwe zvayo zvakavanzika tichiri hatina afunga. Nhasi tinowona chii mukanyiwa yakanyauswa, riri pasi goko paNyika, umo akaturikidzana yepasi ndiyo, uye chii zvakavanzika izvozvo anovanda kubva kwatiri.

Ndezvipi akaturikidzana enyika?

Masayendisiti refu anozivikanwa kuti Pasi chinosanganisira chikuru akaturikidzana matatu - a goko, nguvo uye core. Makore anenge mabhiriyoni 4,6 akapfuura, dzomunyika stratification akatanga inoramba nhasi. Panguva apo kuparadzana zvakakwana, Earth yedu yava chando, akafa muviri.

3 mukuru zvinoriumba

The pasi goko. The thinnest rukoko enyika, pakukora zvinogona dzinosiyana 5 kusvika 75? Km. Ichi pfava, dzakatetepa uye zvakaoma layer zvinosanganisira anenge 90 okunze. Vanodzidza kusiyanisa Continental uye Oceanic goko, kusiyanisa mu ukobvu uye sezvamunoita. The goko zvinoreva lithosphere.

Nejasi. Anoparadzanisa kubva goko paNyika ainzi Moho (kana Moho), izvo dzinoratidzwa unopinza kuwedzera zvizivikanwe nemichina waves imwe kudzika. Lower jasi akaturikidzana nyika core. Zvinotora 83% of nyika uye ari pedyo ari sezvamunoita kuna pamaware meteorites.

Pari jasi rakakamurwa okumusoro. Part yaro chapamusoro, yakaumbwa guru pasi goko 80 km achishandisa iyo nezvishoma harungawiri pakati nyika. The yose chapamusoro pamusoro jasi iri 600 km uye nechepasi akarara pasi chinoumba - 2.900? Km. Vanotonyanya ndiye jasi, dzakanga ayo tembiricha uye kumanikidzwa.

Yomukati chinoumba enyika ndiko chinokosha nyika ane dhayamita anenge 3500? Km. tembiricha Its rinosvika 4000 inegumi.

Power Nechepakati iri kupfuura yomukati. The Nechepakati inonyauswa, apo richienda rinoumbwa nezvishoma sezvo kare ndaifunga vasayendisiti uye zvichiri nyora mune mabhuku. Ndicho zvakaoma chikamu musimboti zvinowanisa munhu remagineti yepasi uye anodzivirira nyika kubva yepasi pose mwaranzi. Panguva iyoyowo, tinoziva pamusoro musimboti uri kunyora nezvavo - tinogona chete zvokufungidzira uye kufembera.

Asthenosphere - chii?

Asthenosphere ari layer riri pasi lithosphere, pova goko. Kana lithosphere anonzi zvakaoma rukoko yepasi, asi asthenosphere - yakanyungudutswa guru, riri pasi goko paNyika. Plastic uye zvishoma gobvu, zviri anokwanisa kuyambuka muganhu Moho. Ndicho kunobva volcanism Kusuma muhomwe magma panyika nechepasi kana kudurura padenga pechiso nyika. tembiricha wayo 1200 inegumi.

Anoputika - kunobva rufu

Anoputika vakapararira mhiri anongoda yose. Kana kuputika ayo rinoparadza zvainoita kwezvakatipoteredza ane kuputika magma (kubva muchiGiriki "sludge"). Izvi vakawanda yakanyauswa, riri pasi pasi goko, kana zvakananga mariri. Kukurira pamusoro magma solidifies, akatendeuka kupinda igneous matombo.

Chii magma?

Kazhinji, asi magma ane silicate hunhu uye yose Periodic table waro sezvamunoita, asi anowanikwa muropa uye alkaline carbonate kana sulfide ikanyauka, iyo yakasiyana mumvuri uye kumhanya inofamba. Somuenzaniso, African kuputika Ol Doinyo Lengai ane dema dhaka, kutonhora anoonekwa zvikuru munyika.

Magma unotipotsei pevhu Matangi goko nokuda kufamba tectonic kwamahwendefa. Kuzadza Matangi izvi pasi, izvozvo hahuzozadziki mavari uye kudzura. Izvi zvinowanzoda kunoitika muna zvinogara, iyo inobatsira masayendisiti kufanotaura nguva imwe Kuputika itsva.

Dzimwe nguva tembiricha mukati magma mukamuri zvinoderedza akapfupikisa magma anodonha mumwe. In ichi vakareruka zvinhu vanomutswa, kumutsa "muvharo" pamusoro pevhu kamuri, iyo inotanga pasi pamusoro nguva.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, rimwe magma dzvuku inopisa hwakakanyiwa nedzimwe okunze, ndiye voltage zvakare kwatanga mukamuri pabutiro ... zvinoguma nguva dzose chete - a kuputika kuputika.

Mukanyiwa yakanyauswa, riri pasi goko paNyika, nezvirwere inonzi dhaka. Kutaura zvazviri, zviri zvakafanana magma, chete kunyimwa okisijeni nokuda nokubudiswa pemvura.

Ichi chisinganzwisisike nyika ...

Vanhu kunoramba atarisana zviitiko kuti vaunze mibvunzo yakawanda, mhinduro yakarurama kuti isu kashoma kuziva. With kukura kwezvinhu mberi sokuti kuva zvatinoziva pamusoro nyika yedu iri zvakakwana, asi chaizvoizvo hatizivi nezvazvo anenge chinhu. mapuraneti saka chirahwe kuti achiri kukosheswa remasayendisiti ...

Tectonic kwendangariro. Vanodzidza achiri haagoni kupindura mubvunzo, kana akatanga tectonic "injini" muitiro. Initial zviratidzo basa iri kare vakadzima nokudzosa muenzaniso hazviiti. Zircons zvisingawanzoitiki chete akawanikwa kutaura mhando iyo redu rakanga anopfuura mabhiriyoni 4 apfuura. Zviya, zera redu zvechokwadi Nyika ndiyewo haanzwisisiki, uye kunyange zvazvo masayendisiti anodavira kuti ari makore anenge mabhiriyoni 5, izvozvo inongori pfungwa.

Nyanza the Earth. About 95% pakadzika nyanza kuramba unexplored - kunyange nhasi vanhu vanowana zvisikwa gungwa zvakasiyana kusukwa pamahombekombe kubva kwakadzika penyanza mafungu. Vakawanda marudzi avo vanoonekwa yakatotsakatika, vamwe havazivi. Asi mubvunzo ndewokuti, apo akaita zvose mvura Panyika anoramba ane mubvunzo rakashama. Chokwadi, vaongorori vanodavira kuti pakutanga nyika yaiva pamaware gwenga. Ko 70% of nyika yakafukidzwa nemvura?

Core. Pakutanga zvaifungwa kuti musimboti chinosanganisira kuti toughest zvinhu, anofungidzirwa, simbi, sezvo ari lithosphere vakachengeta kuishaya. Zviri pachena, zvikuru rinorema nesimbi kuwira pasi, masayendisiti vanoti. Zvisinei, muna 1950 zvikazikamwa kuti makirisito ane pasi uremu. Chii riri pakati nyika? Panguva Drilling, goko nyika ari vanhu Russian vakasangana nezvisikwa vatorwa akazviratidza panyika, "kurarama" zvinofamba matombo uye moans vaibva kwakadzika. Gehena kana Physics?

Mysteries of nyika pasi - hunhu. In ose nyika, mumwe kondinendi, pane zvakasikwa izvo perplex pfungwa huru munyika kusvikira zvino. Saka, ipapo Shaanxi mapopoma chisingazivi -oma kunyange vakafa yechando muna Chinese province. Asi panguva imwe chete kwemakore 25 ose, muzhizha, pamusoro rinofukidzwa ane goko echando. Mumupata Death muUnited States mazana ezviuru zvemakore vanhu vakatarira pachako zvinofamba matombo uye boulders Hunonyanya saizi. Vakatokwanisa andobata pavhidhiyo makore mashoma apfuura.

mhedziso

Izvi handizvo zvose zvakavanzika Nyika, kuti pokugara navo imwe nyaya hazvibviri. Masayendisiti tichiri kurwisana mhinduro dzemibvunzo akawanda. kwatingawana nokusingaperi mhinduro - harizivikanwi.