Chii meridians uye kufanana? Sei kuona meridians uye kufanana? Meridians uye nezviri Mountains Ural

Nhasi munyika hakuna nzvimbo kuti aizorega vakadzidza murume, kana ari muduku akanga mukasaatarira! The ruzivo kuti akazviratidza pamusoro pemvura nyika, zvikuru kukurumidza mubvunzo akasimuka kuziva nzvimbo chinhu. Meridians uye zvakafanana, izvo zvinhu dhigirii afoot, kubatsira kuwana nenzvimbo Kero kutsvakwa pfungwa, uye aivabatsira chirongwa dzidziso yacho mepu.

munhoroondo cartography

Vanhu haisi pakarepo kuuya nzira yakadaro nyore kuti Pakusarudza Coordonatele ari chinhu, sezvo dzemaitirwe waro Longitude uye Latitude. Avanoziva tose kubva kuchikoro, huru mutsetse zvishoma nezvishoma akazviratidza ari zvinopa cartographic ruzivo. Pasi mashoko mashomanana anokosha nzendo munhoroondo pokumuka sayenzi, jogirafi uye nezvenyeredzi, izvo zvakazoita kuti kusikwa yebudiriro makadhi ano ane hwomutambarakede dhigirii afoot.

• Mumwe "havaoni" sciences zvepanyama anonzi - Aristotle uyo pakutanga akaratidza kuti nyika ine idenderedzwa chimiro.

• Earth vafambi vekare vakanga anocherechedza chaizvo, uye vakaona kuti denga (nokuti nyeredzi), zviri nyore kuti kuronda mirayiridzo C (North) - Yu (rwezasi). Heino mutsetse uye akava wokutanga "Meridian", imwe analoginen iyo zvino anogona kuwanika nyore chaizvo mepu.
• Eratosthenes, uyo nani kuzivikanwa so "baba jogirafi nesayenzi" akaita zvakawanda zviduku zvakawanwa kuti kukanganiswa paumbwe Geodesy. Akatanga akashandisa skafis (yekare chaishandiswa) kuverenga kureba kwezuva munharaunda mumaguta akasiyana uye vakaona musiyano rinokosha mune kuyerwa dzavo kuti kuvimba nguva zuva uye mwaka. Eratosthenes akazivisa kubatana pakati sayenzi akadai muchadenga uye geodesy, nokudaro zvichiita kuti aite zvidzidzo zvakawanda uye kuyerwa yenyika nzvimbo achibatsirwa kwemiviri yokudenga.

dhigirii afoot

Pane zvakawanda meridians uye kufanana piringisha pamepu kana pose, vakabatana nzvimbo afoot kuti "dzinoungana". Sero rimwe nerimwe rine parinoperera mitsetse ayo, vane dhigirii. Saka, vachibatsirwa afoot ichi, unogona kukurumidza kuwana achida chinhu. Sechivako atlases dzakawanda akagadzirirwa zvokuti mapeji munhu vanoonekwa dzinoungana siyana unobvumira nokudzidza chero ndima. With kukura munharaunda ruzivo kwakavandudzika uye pasi pose. Meridians uye zvakafanana pakutanga chaizvo yokutevedzera, izvo kana asina aine mashoko akavimbika zvose pamusoro Earth zvinhu, asi kupa pfungwa yokuti anofungidzirwa nzvimbo yacho zvandinenge pfungwa. Current makadhi vane fanira zvinhu wakaumbwa dhigirii pajira riya. Coordinates anotsanangurwa kurishandisa.

Zvinhu dhigirii afoot

• Danda - North (pamusoro) uye South (pazasi) ndidzo pfungwa apo meridians wekuita. Ndivo rakapotsa mutsetse-kubva panzvimbo inonzi akabatana.
• Arctic Circle. Sezvo vanotanga pamuganhu polar nharaunda. Arctic Circle (North uye South) dziri pamusoro 23 inofambirana kurutivi matanda.
• Zero Meridian. It runoparadzanisa pemvura paNyika ari Eastern uye hemisphere Western uye ane mamwe mazita maviri: Greenwich uye Basic. meridians All vane kuenzana uye pamusoro pemvura yose kana kadhi kwakabatana danda.
• Equator. Ndiye wakarebesa yakafanana, kuwana kwavo nzira W (kumavirira) kuti B (kumabvazuva), izvo anokamura nyika iri Southern uye Northern hemisphere. dzimwe mitsetse All noku neequator, zviri inosiyana - kureba yavo zvinoderedza akananga matanda.
• Tropical. Vari vaviri - Capricorn (South) uye Kenza (North). Tropical iri 66th yakafanana kuchamhembe nokumaodzanyemba neequator.

Sei kuona meridians uye kufanana ose achida pfungwa?

Chero chinhu panyika ine rusununguko uye Longitude! Kunyange kana iye kwazvo duku kana nekusiyana, zvikuru chakakura! Kuona meridians uye kufanana ari chinhu uye kuwana Coordonatele imwe pfungwa - zvimwechetezvo, sezvo anosarudza mwero chikuru akarongwa nenzvimbo Kero achida nzvimbo. Pasi zvokuita, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa pakuverenga ari Coordinates.

Algorithm nokuti Pakusarudza nenzvimbo Kero chinhu pamepu

1. Kutaridzwa zvakarurama zita nenzvimbo yacho chinhu. Kunetsa zvikanganiso kuitika nokuda banal kusadiwa Somuenzaniso: mudzidzi akakanganisa muzita zvinodiwa pfungwa uye akazivisa isiri Coordinates.
2. Gadzirirai atirasi, rakapinza penzura kana Pointer uye rinokudza girazi. zvishandiso izvi zvichabatsira kuti zvakarurama kuona kero zvinodiwa chinhu.
3. Sarudzai huru-pamwero mepu yacho atirasi, iro munhu zvaaida kwavanogara pfungwa. The pamwero diki mepu, yakawanda zvikanganiso kuitika munyika Masvomhu.
4. Kuona nhamba chinhu inokosha pezvokuvamba afoot. The algorithm nzira iyi inopiwa pashure ndima "pakuverenga kukura munharaunda."
5. Kana inodiwa pfungwa haisi zvakananga pamusoro mutsetse anozivikanwa pamepu, wana raitevera, vane nhamba izita. Dhigirii mitsetse, kazhinji akaratidza pamusoro mukomberedzo ari kadhi, dzinenge - iri mudunhu rinowanzopisa mutsetse.
6. Pakusarudza mavambo zvakakosha kuwana, kuburikidza chero nhamba rworwendo riri kufanana meridians pamepu uye zvakarurama ngaaverenge zvisingazivikanwi. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti dhigirii afoot mumwe kupfuura huru mutsetse zvinhu zvinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza chero pfungwa pepasi.

Pakuverenga kukura nharaunda

• Kana uchida kuverenga kukura chinhu iri makiromita, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti urefu rimwe dhigirii afoot mitsetse vakaenzana - 111? Km.
• Kuziva Length nechinhu W kuti E (kana riri zvachose mune imwe hemispheres: East kana West) zvakakwana zvikuru Latitude rimwe yokunyanyisa pfungwa, usingashandi Bvisa nekuwanza nhamba iyi 111? Km.
• Kana zvakafanira kuti urefu yacho pamwe N kuna S (chete nyaya kana zvose riri rimwe hemispheres: South kana North), zvinokosha kubva mukuru mwero Longitude rimwe yokunyanyisa pfungwa, bvisa zviduku chipeta kunoguma pakuverengwa ne 111? Km .
• Kana chinhu ichipfuura mundima Greenwich Meridian, kuti compute kureba W muna E Latitude nenzira yokunyanyisa pfungwa dziri akawedzera, ipapo mari yavo kane 111? Km.
• Kana chinhu nzvimbo iri pakutsvaga neequator, kuziva kureba kwayo kubva N kusvika S anofanira kuwedzerwa kuna inosiyana Longitude zvakanyanyisa pfungwa mirayiridzo iyi, uye kunoguma Verengai zvikawanda ne 111? Km.

How kuona nhamba chinhu inokosha zvinhu dhigirii afoot?

• Kana chinhu chiri pazasi neequator, hwayo iri chete rwezasi, kana pamusoro - rwokumusoro.
• Kana aida pfungwa iri kurudyi kunonyanya Meridian, ayo Longitude kumabvazuva, kana kuruboshwe - kumavirira.
• Kana chinhu chiri pamusoro 66 madhigirii kuchamhembe kana kumaodzanyemba zvakafanana, zvino anopinda unoenderana polar nharaunda.

Kutsunga Horizontal batanidza

Sezvo neeSultan zhinji gomo vane guru pamwero kwakasiyana-siyana, uye meridians uye kufanana piringisha zvinhu zvakadaro dzakasiyana dhigirii ukoshi, muitiro Pakusarudza nenzvimbo kero achabatsirwa mibvunzo yakawanda. Dzinotevera pfungwa embodiments kuti pakuverenga Coordonatele dzakakwirira Eurasian mundima.

eCaucasus

Makomo akawanda zvinoshamisa dziri pakati mbiri mvura nzvimbo kondinendi kubva kweGungwa Dema kusvika kuGungwa reCaspian. Meridians uye inofambirana Makomo eCaucasus vane madhigirii zvakasiyana, saka chii vanoonekwa inokosha nokuda Kero hurongwa? Muchiitiko chino, isu omerera yakakwirira. Ndizvo gomo gadziriro Coordonatele of Caucasus - kureva nzvimbo kero nenhamba Elbrus, izvo zvakaenzana - madhigirii 42 maminitsi 30 rwokumusoro Latitude uye 45 madhigirii kumabvazuva Longitude.

Himalayas

The soro gomo wemuTesitamende kondinendi yedu - eHimalaya. Meridians uye zvakafanana, une yakasiyana kukosha-dhigirii, yambuka nzvimbo ino kakawanda sezvo zvataurwa pamusoro apa. Sei kuona Coordonatele ino? We mberi saizvozvo sokune ari Ural makomo, isu kutarisa yakakwirira hurongwa. Nokudaro, Coordonatele uwirirane nzvimbo eHimalaya Dzhomolungma yepamusorosoro, uye ichi - 29 madhigirii 49 maminitsi kuchamhembe Latitude uye 83 madhigirii uye maminitsi 23 31 masekonzi kumabvazuva Longitude.

Ural makomo

The chakarebesa yedu kondinendi - Mountains Ural. Meridians uye zvakafanana, kuva akasiyana dhigirii tsika piringisha chinhu kwakasiyana-siyana. Kuona Coordonatele ari Ural makomo kuwana pakati yavo pamepu. Pfungwa iyi achava nzvimbo yacho chinhu - 60 madhigirii rwokumusoro Latitude uye zvakafanana Longitude. Nzira yakadaro nokuda Pakusarudza Horizontal Coordonatele unogamuchirwa kuti hurongwa vane hombe kureba rimwe divi kana mune zvose.