The Arab nyika. Palestine, Jordan, Iraq

Nyika yemazuva ano iri conditionally rakakamurwa akawanda nhengo, inozivikanwa nedzimwe dzose. Western uye Eastern, European uye Arabic tsika vane zvavo geopolitical "tichisunga." Nhasi, mashoko okuti "Arab nyika" rinoreva mamiriro, ruzhinji rwevanhu vanotaura Arabic.

United Arab States

22 Nyika vakadaro vakabatana munyika sangano - Sangano Renyika Arab States. The zvachose nzvimbo nharaunda yaigarwa nevanhu kutaura Arabic, anenge mamiriyoni 13 km ^2. inotungamirwa ichi riri panosangana mumakondinendi matatu - Asia, Africa, uye Europe. Saka, muArabhia nyika zvinomiririra geocultural nzvimbo neeSultan anenge mumwe kubva Persian Gulf kuna Atlantic Ocean, chikamu chikuru chavagari rine midzi Arabic.

Mitauro netsika unhu

The chikuru constitutive che chero Arab ehurumende ndiwo mutauro uye tsika yakatanga yawo hwaro. Nhasi, ane tsika yakadaro vakasununguka uye vakafumura vamwe, dzakadai Indian, Mongolian, maGypsy. Zvisinei, kupfuura zvakanyanya kukanganiswa netsika Western.

chitendero

In vechiArabhu vemunzvimbo chitendero akafanana Islam, anoita Dual basa. Kudivi rimwe, kunobatanidza maArab munzvimbo uye enyika upenyu, uye kuno rumwe - chinokonzera kupesanisa uye kurwisana kunyange nezvombo pakati vatsigiri akasiyana dzenzvimbo mukati. Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti vechiArabhu uye vaMuslim nyika havasi mungashandisa pfungwa. Havasi vose dzemaArabhu vari vaMuslim, vamwe panguva hwakagara akawanda ezvitendero masangano. Uyezve, tinofanira kuyeuka kuti munyika Muslim ndivo avo apo vakawanda vagari havasi maArab.

Islam - kwetsika chinhu simba, nokuda iyo, pamwe chete mutauro, pane kubatana vechiArabhu nyika, asiwo kunogona kugovera uye kukonzera ropa hondo.

Arab nyika

In zvachose mune 23 Arab nyika, mazita iyo chinopiwa pazasi:

• The Republic of Djibouti;
• Republic of Algeria;
• Umambo Bahrain;
• Umambo Jordan;
• Arab Republic weIjipiti;
• Republic of Zimbabwe;
• The Republic of Iraq;
• Lebanese Republic;
• Union of Comoros;
• State of Kuwait;
• The State of Qatar;
• Syrian Arab Republic;
• State of Libya;
• The Islamic Republic of Mauritania;
• Umambo Morocco;
• United Arab Emirates (Brazil) ;
• Oman;
• Saudi Arabia;
• The Republic of South Sudan;
• The Federal Republic of Somalia;
• Republic of Tunisia;
• Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Western Sahara);
• Zvionera kudunhu Palestine.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti havasi vose Arab nyika, mazita uko kunoratidzwa, dzimwe inoti zviri kuzivikanwa. Nokudaro, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic hausi nhengo League pakati Arab States (Las), pamutemo munyika makumi mashanu chete. The Moroccan Zviremera kudzora dzakawanda munharaunda yayo.

Mukuwedzera, mamiriro kweParestina, nhengo Arab League, 129 aiziva inoti. Munyika ino, vaviri vasina zvakafanana muganhu nzvimbo: asi Gaza Strip uye West Bank.

Arab nyika munharaunda yakakura rakakamurwa mapoka makuru matatu:

- African (Maghreb);

- chemazino;

- Eastern Mediterranean.

A kumboongorora mumwe nomumwe wavo.

Arab nyika muAfrica, kana kuti Maghreb

Munguva yakaoma pfungwa Maghreb (the West) ndivo chete States vari rakamiswa kumavirira Egypt. Nhasi, zvisinei, inowanzodeedzwa sezvo vose North African Arab nyika, dzakadai Mauritania, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia uye Algeria. Ijipiti ndiyo musimboti, mwoyo vechiArabhu nyika uye ndiyo chikamu Great magribinskoj chinhu chakakombama. Kunze kwake, chinosanganisira nyika dzakadai Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Mauritania, Libya uye Western Sahara.

Kunyika muArabhiya Peninsula

Kudeuka kweItari panyika iri muArabhiya. On chiri chikamu chikuru nyika mafuta. Somuenzaniso, Brazil (United Arab Emirates), rinoumbwa nomwe akazvimirira anoti. Uyezve, zviri pamusoro munharaunda ayo dzimwe nyika maererano oiri, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar. Kare, nyika riri muna muArabhia Peninsula, akazviratidza sekamwana transshipment uye zvenguva pfungwa pamusoro dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana unoenda Iraq uye Iran. Nhasi, nokuda kuvhura pakati remakore rapfuura, mumwe reserves mafuta hombe, mumwe nomumwe muArabhia kunyika muArabhiya nharaunda ine yayo kuchikosha enyika, inokosha uye zvoupfumi uremu.

Uyezve, nyika iri Gulf, munhau muzinda matangiro uye pave Islam, kubva apo chakapararira dzimwe nharaunda.

KweMediterranean Countries

To East yeMediterranean Asian, anonzi Mashriq, zvinosanganisira nyika dzakadai of Arab East, sezvo Republic of Iraq, Umambo kweJodhani, Siriya, Libya, uye ane chete mamiriro Palestine kuzvionera. Mashriq - ichi sezvo paumbwe mukupera forties remakore rechimakumi maviri, yeIsrael kupfuura kudzikama, anenge nguva dzose anorwisana mapazi ari munyika dzechiArabhu. Mumazana remakore rechimakumi maviri akatora nzvimbo pano zvachose hondo Arab-Israeli uye kurwisana. Ngatikurukurei zvimwe nezvemashandiro nyika idzi Eastern reMediterranean, Iraq, Jordan uye Palestine.

The Republic of Iraq

Izvi nyika Arab riri mumipata rwaYufratesi Tigirisi nzizi, muna Mesopotamian mubani, uye kusukwa kubva kumabvazuva mvura Persian Gulf. It muganhu nyika pamwe Kuwait, Iran, Turkey, Siriya, Saudi Arabia uye Jordan. Kuchamhembe uye kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva Iraq raiva Armenian uye Iranian uplands, iyo vakuru zvizivikanwe nemichina basa inozivikanwa.

Country Iraq, inova guta guru Baghdad - nyika yechipiri pakukura Arab of Eastern reMediterranean Middle East nharaunda, rine vanhu vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 16 of.

A chimurenga muna 1958 kwakaita kuti kuwa poumambo munyika, uye kubva 1963 kuwedzera enyika simba yakatanga kuwana Arab Socialist Baath Party (PASV). Somugumisiro anotyisa kurwa vari sixties remakore rapfuura, bato akauya simba muna 1979, rinotungamirirwa Saddam Hussein. Chiitiko ichi chakanga zvinokosha rinokosha muupenyu ehurumende. Zviri mugwaro rino akakwanisa kubvisa zvose vorongerwa zvayo uye akaisa kwadzinoita pevatongi simba. Hussein kuburikidza liberalizing zvoupfumi policies uye cohesion ari pamusoro pfungwa "muvengi nevakawanda" rudzi, akakwanisa nechokwadi kukura kwavo mukurumbira uye vane simba rakapotsa risingaperi.

Under utungamiriri hwake, Iraq muna 1980 yakakanda yokurwisa Iran, iyo kusvikira 1988. The kuipira 2003, apo US-akatungamirira mauto mubatanidzwa vakaita nechisimba Iraq, mugumisiro raiva kuurayiwa Saddam Hussein. Migumisiro kubvuta ichi sei kudaro kure. Nyika kamwe simba rava hondo huru, umo pasina dzakasimukira indasitiri, hapana rugare.

The Hashemite Kingdom kweJodhani

In rwezasi-kumadokero Asia, North-yokumadokero kuguma muArabhiya Peninsula, kumavirira Iraq, uye rwezasi reSiriya Republic iri Umambo Jordan. Map munyika zvinonyatsoratidza kuti zvinenge zvose mundima yayo chinosanganisira murenje nenzvimbo dzakakwirira uye zvikomo siyana uye makomo. Jordan anoudzawo miganhu Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Siria, Israeri uye Palestinian zvionera nharaunda. Nyika ine kuwana paGungwa Dzvuku. Renyika iri Amman. Uyezve, unogona kusarudza mikuru maguta - Zarqa uye Irbid.

Kubva 1953 kusvika 1999, kusvikira parufu rwake, nyika yaitongwa Korol Huseyn. Nhasi umambo rinotungamirirwa mwanakomana wake - Abdullah II, ndiye mumiririri Hashemite youmambo uye anoonekwa kuti mune rimwe 43 chizvarwa zvakananga vazukuru Prophet Muhammad. Kazhinji, mubati munyika dzechiArabhu asina zvishoma kwechirwere Zvisinei, simba neJoridhani mambo wacho hunodzorwa reMitemo uye reParamende.

Nhasi ndiro rinonyanya kunyarara panyika yose reArab East. The chikuru mari munyika kunounza tourism, uyewo rubatsiro vamwe, dzakapfuma dzemaArabhu.

Palestine

Izvi zvionera munharaunda kweMediterranean rinoumbwa maviri isiri pedyo nepedyo nharaunda: Gaza inoganhurana Israeri muIjipiti, uye kuWest Bank, izvo rinongova kumabvazuva neZvapupu Joridhani, uye vamwe vose akapoteredzwa Israeli ndima. In mashoko hunhu Palestine rakakamurwa dzakawanda dzine: yakaorera mumupata mhenderekedzo Gungwa reMediterranean uye nemumakomo ebani, iri kumabvazuva. Kumabvazuva kwenyika rinotanga inowanzorimwa, iyo dzinopera kurenje reSiriya.

Muna 1988, pashure dzinoverengeka dzechiArabhu-Israeli hondo uye kuramba paJoridhani uye Ijipiti anoti kune Palestinian ndima, Palestinian National Council yakazivisa kusikwa yakazvimirira mamiriro. Purezidhendi kuzvionera rokutanga aiva kunozivikanwa Yasser Arafat, pashure vane rufu, muna 2005, this post rave akasarudza uye riri zvino simba, Mahmoud Abbas. Nhasi paGaza, Hamas ndiye pati achitonga, yakauya kuna simba pashure kuhwina sarudzo kuzvionera ichi. KuWest Bank Rinotarisira zvose mamiriro Palestinian National Authority.

Relations pakati Palestine uye Israeri vari kunetseka zvikuru ehurumende uye vakachinja zvachose kuva nebope nezvombo. Miganhu ine yeParistina pamwe zvinenge zvose mapato zvinodzorwa ne veIsrael muchiuto.