Chii chinonzi "drone the mano"? Description uye kushanda idzva UAV Russia

Achishamisika "chii drone the mano?", Vakawanda vanenge zvirokwazvo kuziva mhinduro. mano aya ainziwo drones uye pavainge kupararira chete yapfuura. Asi zvakadaro munokosha kufunga kwavo zvizere.

Chii drone the mano?

Kana Nzira iri rinenge nguva zvinogoneka vagadzirise kana kutsiva zvikuru unyanzvi uye zvikuru kushandiswa kwevanhu kupfuma trudnovospolnimy. Ndokusaka vanhu kudaro nokushingaira indasitiri kunoita mberi, migumisiro izvo mune ramangwana kunogona kuita vanhu kushanda akachengeteka zvikuru. Muenzaniso ndiye marobhoti, mumwe wakanga ari brainchild pamusoro multifunctional mudziyo unokosha. Saka, chii chiri drone the mano? Yemanyorero aizivikanwa unmanned ndege iri ari kure dzinodzorwa, asi pane zvimwewo kunzwisisa izwi. Drones hadzishandi kubhururuka, asi avo vakaderera chepfungwa ndiyo pfungwa iri Implementation nedzimwe mabasa pasina rubatsiro dzevanhu kana iine usingashandi kupindira. Hazvishamisi UAV iri pakutanga chete kushandiswa nemauto.

Nhoroondo chidzoke uye kukura

Munyori pfungwa ari kure akakwanisa mano akava, kwete hazvishamisi, Nikola Tesla. Muna 1899, akavaratidza zvakavakwa kuti kushandisa mudziyo. pfungwa dzake akaramba 1910, mumwe American muduku, Charles Kettering, anoda kuva ndege kuti vaizoita basa achibatsirwa racho. Zvinosuruvarisa, tinogona kutaura kuti akatadza.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti yokutanga UAV yakazokudziridzwa muUK kuti zvinangwa zvechiuto muna 1933. Nokuti ichi yaishandiswa Zvisinei akadzorera biplane, pakati Namano matatu ari zvapedza ndege imwe chete. Mune ramangwana, muchina zvishoma akavandudzika, paiva itsva nzira kuti utariri dzavo uye kuzvidzora. Research uye kubudirira kwebasa akaramba panguva Second World War uye pashure pacho. More zvichidzika kubudirira nemigumisiro anganzi pakuonekwa akakurumbira "V1" uye "V2". Zviitiko zvakafanana kwakaitika USSR.

Kuwedzera zvinangwa evasingatombonamati zvechiuto, UAVs yave kushandiswa kudzidzisa varwi ramangwana. Asi maoko nhangemutange asingadi mira, uye masimba makuru vakaita vakaramba kuva chombo aigona kudzora muvengi. Pane imwe nguva, kunyange USSR rava mutungamiri tichitarisa kugadzirwa UAVs. Asi zvino United States vakatama mberi, nokuti hondo Vietnam kurasikirwa ndege dzayo dzainge dzakakura - drones vakapindira.

Pasinei nemauto ake pakutanga "hunhu", iro UAV kwakawanikwa wayo chinangwa rehurumende. In ake kugona itsva, vakaitirana mupfupi uye zuva nezuva zita - drones, rwakazokura kunyanya kupararira kupfuura chidimbu. Nenzira, zvinonzi chokuita avo mabasa zvakananga, nekuti Chirungu ari drone the mano - "nyuchi" kana rechiito "ruzha". Requalification akapawo chimwezve riwedzere kukura kwavo, nokuti rehurumende redhiyo drones vane yakawanda mikana. Asi zvose kuenda inoda pachake zvachiri, zvokuti marobhoti achiri kwete panzvimbo. Saka, zvinoita sokuti mubvunzo zviri drone the mano vasara. Ndezvipi?

mhando

Kazhinji, drones dzinosiyana kukura uye zvechadenga kuzvidzora. Pane 4 Mapato maererano wokutanga chokuratidza;

1. Micro. Mano boka iri vanoyera kusvika 10 makirogiramu. Ivo vanokwanisa kuramba ndege kweawa panguva imwe kukwira 1 kiromita.
2. Mini. 10-50 makirogiramu, nekukwirira kukamurwa - 3-5 makiromita, ya ndege - kusvikira maawa anoverengeka. Vakareruka mano vari muchikwata ichi vanogona kushanda vehurumende, ipapo - pasina.
3. Avhareji. The vakawanda anosvika 1 tani, ndege Duration - maawa 10-12, kunonyanyisa yakakwirira - 9-10 makiromita.
4. Heavy. Kusvikira zuva akatizira panguva imwe kukwira 20 makiromita.

zvinogona kupatsanurwa pane chaizvo nokushanda kwavo ndeinotevera:

• unguided;
• otomatiki;
• kure-pehurumende.

Typical mudziyo

Standard UAV magadzirirwo inopa kuongorora zvinhu nemasaisai mugamuchiri, uyewo gyroscope uye accelerometer. Mukuwedzera, mudziyo wakasungwa kuva programmable module. Kunyora algorithms basa vachishandisa mukuru-pamwero mumitauro: C, C ++, Modula-2, Oberon SA kana Ada95.

Kana, zvisinei, unofanira kuponesa uye kutumira mamwe mashoko kuti opareta, chidziro zvinosanganisira kuyeuka module , uye wokutepfenyurisa. Chero nezvimwewo inowedzerwa zvichienderana nechinangwa kushandiswa. In pehurumende drones iripo kuva murayiro mugamuchiri Rinofambisa telemetry Data.

sarudzo

Zvinangwa iyo inogona kushandiswa iri kubhururuka drone the mano, chihombe yakatarwa. Kunze kare ataurwa vemauto, vari kuita zvemuchadenga mapikicha, kuchengeteka zvichiongororwa. Industries, vane yavo zvombo zvakadaro mano, vakawanda: .. Agriculture, Fisheries, dondo dziviriro, Mapping, simba, zvemaumbirwo, kuvakwa, nhau, etc. Nechekare, Developers vari kutsvaka nzira sei kupa uchibatsirwa unmanned chokuendesa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kuti asimbise yakavimbika kukurukura kumaruwa uye nokudaro kuderedza huni yokufambisa uye kudzivirira zvakatipoteredza. Muchidimbu, zvinetso panguva mugadziri akanyatsorevesa sezvo kudiwa dzimwe mashandiro kare ikoko, uye achipindura mazano asi. Saka zvinogona iri hombe.

Photography

Tikati itsva chitandadzo kuti wamuka nokuda kwazvo kufambiswa kwemashoko UAV. Zviri pamusoro nokutora mifananidzo pamakona, izvo dzinoshandiswa kuzadzisa waiona zvakaoma. Flying drone the mano ane vakasiyana kamera unokubvumira kutora Kutarira kujairana zvinotyisa kubva akasiyana zvachose nemaonero uye kuvaona nenzira itsva nzira. Uye akabudirira zvikuru mudonzvo nguva kubatanidzwa chaiyo mumakwikwi pasi aegis magazini simba Somuenzaniso, National Geografic.

multicopter

Pane chikamu ndege, izvo kazhinji vanoonekwa yoga nokuti kusiyana chacho. Kutaura zvazviri, drone the mano quadrocopter haana kudaro zvakasiyana zvavo UAVs, iye chete ane nhamba huru sikuruwa gadziriro - mana iyi. Hazvina mamiriro ichi vava kupfuura akakurumbira pakati sevhiriyeni drones. Zvisinei, imwe nyaya iri kunetsa aiva rakachengeteka Vols dzavo, sezvo pakarepo kubuda ari bhatiri kubva kukwirira 0.5-1 kiromita, kunyange kumbonyanya lightweight mudziyo kunogona kukonzera kukuvara vanhu, saka inokurudzirwa kwete chete zvakaitika inokosha kosi pamusoro UAV kuzvidzora, asi kuti zvinoenderana inokosha mitemo.

Interesting mienzaniso UAVs

Pakati Namano anobatsira dzinobatsira mafomu, pane nzvimbo matoyi uye varaidzo. Saka, makore mashoma apfuura, chikuru mugadziri akatanga Parrot drone the mano drone the mano, achiita somunhu yakavimbika aramu wachi. Kamwe kwakauya nguva nehope, akatiza kana kubhururuka kubva hondo, uye dzokai rugure unogona chete kubata kwaro zvinoomesa zvikuru basa shure nehope. Saka kuti zano rakadaro haagoni chete kubatsira asiwo zvemafaro achitarisa kuti chinoshamisira zvakakwana.

Mumwe Dutch yokudhirowa, Somuenzaniso, vakwira pfungwa kubhadhara kukotamira katsi wake, uyo akafa pasi mavhiri mumotokari, zvichiita chepakutanga quadrocopter. Mhuka akaberekera panguva upenyu zita vachikudza rimwe Wright hama, uye pashure pokufa kwake scarecrow screws zvakabatanidzwa, uye rose marongerwo chaipiwa nevoruzhinji ane kwemasimba uri ano muna 2012. Zvaakazoita yave yakasanganiswa, asi mbirikira chacho kunotangira paupamhi. Uye kana drone the mano ichi quadrocopter katsi - zvimwe kwete yakanakisisa pfungwa, pane nguva dzose mukana kukwira chinhu yavowo.

kuwanikwa

Rairambidza kutengeswa rehurumende yokutevedzera havapo, kunyange muhondo drone the mano kutenga Ichokwadi zvisiri nyore kuti ubudirire, saka vanoda kutora mapikicha nemavhidhiyo kubva pakakwirira, iro avanoziva neshiri, varindi yomumugwagwa mamiriro, kana kushandisa dzimwe mashandiro anoita izvi mano, anogona kushandisa nayo takasununguka. Vamwe iyi vangada kuti maoko avo, kunyanya kana uine yakakodzera ruzivo. Yokuvaka ndege drone the mano aine kamera - kwete basa rakaoma kudaro kuti mhizha, kwazvo nyaya nguva dzose iripo, zvakanaka, mitengo chaizvo democratic muenzaniso - avhareji mutengo iri kumativi $ 300. Kune isingadhuri ivhu kuti chaizvoizvo anogona kukodzera muruoko rwomunhu.

Vashori

Pasinei nokuti zano category "UAV / drone the mano" kwazopararira ichangopfuura, yava ane vanhu vakawanda danidziro mutemo kana kunyange kurambidzwa namano izvi. Vanoti munzvimbo dzavo kuti UAV, zvikazara guta, kusika zvimwe ruzha kwete chete, asiwo zvinogona mapikicha nemavhidhiyo nepamahwindo zvezvivako, nokudaro nechisimba toga. Nepo vavengi vari kuratidza kusagutsikana kunyanya US, asi zvakakomba kungotaura pamusoro mitemo yokudzora mabasa drones haina kuitwa. Zvisinei, kudiwa kunoita wedzerai - Vamwe vagadziri vava kutengesa namano kuti kuona Kuwanikwa ndege mukati imwe nharaunda. The Switch mudziyo iri kupatsanurwa pane shiri hunhu rwokufamba inongorira inzwi chaiyo, zvakanaka, sei kubata "muenzi" kukokwa, akasarudza kuti tenzi pachake.

vagadziri

Kana isu kutaura muchikwata che "rwisana drone the mano", nyika mutungamiri mumunda ichi, hapana mubvunzo, achava Israeri. Iye, Chokwadi, ari kutungamirira ekisipota, zvinzvimbo zvepamusoro, maererano nokumwe kufungidzira, vanenge 40% kubva pamusika dzakawanda. Countries zhinji mugove remauto maindasitiri kunzwisisa, dzakadai US uye Russia, akagumisa veIsrael sangano zvibvumirano kuti kwemajoini kukura namano.

Chimwe mutambi zvikuru pamisika ndiye Iran. Maererano nenyanzvi, zvichangobva kukura vomunharaunda vagadziri vari anonyatsokwanisa kukwikwidzana Israeli zvigadzirwa. A nhamba yakakwana yokutevedzera zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana, uye Anozvirumbidza hondo Argentine.

budiriro tarisiro

Combat drones ramangwana hakusi mubvunzo - chero zvazvingava ivo ichashandiswa. Kana vasiri varwi mano, tarisiro zvinotonyanya kuziva. Maererano ruzivo pachena kuwanikwa rakanyorwa nokuda masangano ari European Union, kubudikidza 2020, mutengi kudiwa UAVs richatsikwa rakabudiswa indasitiri sezvinotevera: 45% richabva ehurumende masangano, 25% - basa rokudzimura moto, 13% - zvokurima uye miti, 10% zvinotoda simba, 6% - kudzokorora panyika, uye akasara 1% - kukurukurirana uye nhepfenyuro.

Zvisinei, iye zvino vazhinji magadzirirwo mahofisi kufunga sei kuva akarongeka pakukurukura drones. Zvinofanira kuva kwakakwana kugadzirisa vakawanda matambudziko: dambudziko vanokwanisa yakakwana uye matochi upenyu kusvika nyaya zvakatipoteredza noushamwari inoraswa. Asi vose, nharaunda iyi robotics kunopfuura zvinovimbisa.

In Russia

MuRussia, kukura tsaru nguva Soviet vakanga pamutemo mumwe chikonzero kana mumwe akarasika, saka kuti zvirokwazvo indasitiri aifanira kudzidza kubva muvare. Muna 2009 akanga paakavapa chibvumirano ne veIsrael kambani kuti kutenga nzvimbo UAV, asi akazove akasarudza kutanga drones yavo Russia. Nokuda kwaizvozvi Bazi Defence ave dzinounzwa bhiriyoni 5 rubles, asi mari haina kubereka zvinodiwa mugumisiro - mudziyo anongotaura haamiri bvunzo purogiramu.

Muna 2010, "Transas" kambani akakunda orudo R & D pamusoro UAVs, kunyanya sezvo akanga atova noruzivo zviitiko zvakadaro. Uyezve zviitiko chokuita kubudirira pakukura - kune mumwe dhigirii tisanzwe ruzivo. Muna 2012, yakasvika pakuzivikanwa pamusoro anobudirira kuvakwa bvunzo muenzaniso rinonzi "Orlan-10". Pashure pokuita muchiitwa wandei mharidzo vakagamuchira dzakakwirira ratings uye wongororo akanaka muchiuto, asi mudziyo uyu chete arongera zvenguva pfupi, saka kuti kukura chiri kuitwa kakawanda zvakaudzwa drones Russian rinogonawo kuwana kuvhunduka kugadzwa uye tobudirira kudzivirira miganhu pamusoro zvinogona vanotyisidzirwa.

Muna 2014 taifanira aedzwe svikiro-zvenguva UAV, uyewo prototypes yasimuka kurema 10 kusvika 20 matani. Uyewo, vateereri akaratidzwa ushori yakaoma "kutsvaka", iro akagamuchira wandei mhinduro, asi kazhinji kuzivikanwa sezvo vaizotibata chaizvo. Zvakanzi zvekare yakashuma pamusoro kugadzirwa wokuenzanisira, "revarwi vairinda" mune rimwe emakambani ari Russian Federation anorenda navaIsiraeri.

Pasinei nematambudziko, asi indasitiri ane zvakanaka zvinogona, asi zvinosuruvarisa kuti drones Russian kashoma kuwana munguva yemberi iri pedyo "mhepo chechipiri" muchimiro kutendeuka kuti zvavo ounyanzvi hwokugadzira. Vagadziri Major Michini nokuti vakawanda hwevanhu uye hakuna asi pamberi.