Ndege. Nhoroondo kuvamba

About kuti kubvisa pasi uye kuyengerera ikoko seshiri, vanhu ndafungira kubva kare. Zvingaonekwa pamusoro watch anoratidza kuti ari kutiza vanofanira kumunhu mapapiro. Ancient Greek ngano Icarus uye Daedalus anoudza sei rakavakwa yokutanga achizviita aircraft - mapapiro neminhenga wakabatanidzwa pamwe chete wakisi. Zvichitevera ngano magamba varume vakawanda vakashinga zvave yavo akaitwa wamapapiro. Asi zviroto zvavo kukwira mudenga haana kuuya zvechokwadi, ndokuguma nenjodzi.

Danho iri kuedza kugadzira motokari achishanda ari kushandisa chinjwa mapapiro. Vari rinosundwa simba makumbo kana maoko, asi chete vachiwombera uye kusimudza nemamiriro yose mudenga vaisakwanisa.

Handisi kugara parutivi uye Leonardo da Vinci. Anozivikanwa budiriro Leonardo kubhururuka michina pamwe chinjwa mapapiro, zvakatanga nesimba tsandanyama kwevanhu. The ndege yokutanga yakanga yakagadzirwa ne kupenya musayendisiti wokuItaly uye muvambi, runoonekwa kuva kumumvuri ari neherikoputa. Leonardo ichifananidzwa imwe midziyo vakapakata guru hwindimiri wokucheka akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya starch zvinhu zviri 5 metres dhayamita.

Sezvo nemimba mugadziri, varume vana vaifanira tenderera chaidzo maoko ari denderedzwa. masayendisiti Modern vanoti kuti vauye zvakagadzirwa iyi inofamba, tsandanyama simba vanhu vana haana kukwana. Asi kana Leonardo da Vinci senzira chikungiso simba chitubu, ake ruchibhururuka muchina aigona kuita pfupi, asi ndege chaiyo. In ichi dzichiri mazano ndege da Vinci haana kurega, iye akasika rinovira kuti aigona kubhururuka achishandisa simba mhepo, uye vari 1480s, akavhomora mifananidzo ane midziyo "nokuti nokuuruka chero yakakwirira pasina kukuvadza vanhu." The mudziyo, mufananidzo mumufananidzo hakusi zvakasiyana chaizvo kubva ano parachuti.

Pasinei inoshamisa izvozvo zvinganzwika, asi chokutanga ndege kuti akatora kudenga, akanga kunyimwa pamapapiro ake. Pakupera nemasere remakore, hama Montgolfier, French Zhak Coleen uye Zhozef Mishel, yakaitwa netsa chibharuma. The ndege, akazadzwa mhepo inopisa aigona kusimudza zvinhu kana vanhu. Munhu wokutanga kukwira mudenga rinopisa mhepo chibharuma, chibharuma vakava vavambi compatriot Jean-Francois of Rozier Pilatre. Kwapera mwedzi, akaita inopisa mhepo chibharuma mune boka pamwe Marquis d'Arlandom wokutanga vakasununguka kutiza. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1783.

Chibharuma-chibharuma vakatamira nemhepo kuda, vanhu vari kufunga pamusoro pehurumende kutiza. Muna 1784, gore rimwe chete pashure wokutanga kutiza ari chibharuma, yakakurumbira musayendisiti, yemasvomhu, injiniya uye uto injiniya Zhak Mene akapa airship chirongwa (rakashandurwa kubva French rinoreva "kudzora"). Iye tega ane elongated streamlined airships, maverengerwe kugadzirira kuti nacelle kuti bhora ballonet kuzadza mukati goko kuti gasi idonhe. Uye Chikurukuru - Meunier ndege akanga nepokuongorora hwindimiri kuti rotates, ndaifanira kusunda nepurani mberi.

Chete pakuziva kupenya pfungwa Jacques Meunier panguva iyoyo zvakanga zvisingaiti, kodzero hwindimiri akanga asati tega.

Chero zvazvingava, nemhaka pave masayendisiti emakore akapfuura uye avo mukaravhani ndege zvibvire kukura ndege ano uye chidzoke rokutsanya, yakakura uye hwakavimbika ndege.