Zvikamu zvechitsuwa cheMacquarie: nzvimbo, nzvimbo uye mamiriro okunze

Munharaunda yeAustralia kune mazana ezvitsuwa. Macquarie mumwe wavo. Chitsuwa ichi chinonzi hachina vanhu, chinogarwa nemapenguin uye zvisimbiso chete. Pamusoro pezvinhu zvechitsuwa cheMacquarie verenga zvakare munyaya yacho.

Nzvimbo yechitsuwa chacho

Macquarie iduku, yakatambanudzwa yakawanda yePacific Ocean. Muchimiro chayo yakafanana nemakona emakona ematombo. Kureba kwayo makiromita makumi matatu, uye upamhi huri makiromita mashanu chete. Nharaunda yeMacquarie Island iri makiromita makiromita makumi mana. Nzvimbo yakakwirira pane yegungwa yakasvika mamita 420.

Kubva pane imwe nzvimbo yekutarisa maonero, Macquarie ndeyechitsuwa cheTasmania, kunyange zvazvo chiri makiromita anenge 1 500 kubva ipapo. Chiwi chacho chiri pakati peTasmania neAntarctica. Inenge makiromita makumi matatu kubva kuchiwi cheMacquarie mapoka maviri ezvitsuwa zviduku: Mutongi uye Munyori, Bhishopi uye Munyori. Bhishopi-ne-Clerk Archipelago chikamu chemvura yakadzika mumvura iri pasi pemvura uye inharaunda ndeyeAustralia Union. Panowo ndiyo inowanikwa nechekumaodzanyemba kweAustralia.

Mamiriyoni emakore apfuura, kupesana kwePacific uye Indo-Australian lithospheric plates zvakabatsira pakuumbwa kwemvura yakadzika pasi pemvura, iyo chikamu chayo chiri Macquarie. Ichi chitsuwa ndicho pfuma chaiye yevanodzidza geologists, sezvo ine ophiolites. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo chete mumhenderekedzo yegungwa iyo mheto inobhururuka iri pamusoro pemvura. Kuonga kwaro yakasiyana-siyana yegadziriro, Macquarie yakachengetedzwa neUNESCO kubva muna 1997.

Nhoroondo

Masayendisiti anoratidza kuti vagari vekutanga vechitsuwa chacho vaigona kuva vaPolynesia mumazana gumi nemazana makumi maviri nemana. Zvisinei, hapana humwe husimbisi chaihwo hweizvi, naizvozvo, vekutanga vakawana chiwi cheAustralia chitsuwa cheMacquarie, zvisinei, vemuEurope. Iye, zvisingatarisirwi, muna 1810, akawana Frederick Hasselborough, uyo akapinda achitsvaga nzvimbo dzezvisimbiso. Sezvo awana chiwi chisina vagari, mukepe weBritain akazvitumidza senharaunda yeSouth Wales uye akatumidzwa mukukudza mutongi weWelder Laknela Makkuori.

Muna 1820, muActicus navigator Thaddeus Bellingshausen (muwani weAntarctica) akasika mepu yekutanga yechitsuwa che Macquarie. Nzvimbo chaiyo yenyika ichangobva kuwanikwa yakwezva vavhimi vepenguin nezvisimbiso. Mushure mokunge, nhamba yemhuka yakaderera kusvika pane chinotambudza.

Muna 1890 chitsuwa chacho chakaendeswa kuTasmania, uye chakakodzwa naJohn Hatch nokuda kwezvinangwa zvemabhizimisi. Muna 1911, chitsuwa chacho chakava nheyo yeAustralia tsvakurudzo yekutsvakurudza, yakatungamirirwa naDouglas Mawson. Gare gare, Macquarie akazova gadziriro pasi pekutonga kweTasmania, muna 1972 akagamuchira hurumende.

Ichi chitsuwa chinotaurwa mubhuku rinonzi "Travels uye kufamba-famba kumhenderekedzo dziri kure", rakabudiswa muna 1912. Munyori webhuku racho ndiJohn Thompson. Sezvo chikonzero chechikepe chakakoromoka, akaenda kuMacquarie ndokugarako kwemwedzi inenge mina. Maererano nenhau, Thompson akafamba nechikepe akaenda kuchitsuwa ichi nokuda kwepfuma yakavanzwa.

Mamiriro ekunze uye Rubatsiro

Mamiriro ekunze echitsuwa cheMacquarie haana kubvumira vaBrithani muzana remakore rechina kuti vave nekugadzirisa zvachose pairi. Makungwa akapoteredza anoita kuti mamiriro okunze ari pachitsuwa ichi chisina kunaka. Inoratidzika semhepo inonaya mutezo. Pano mhepo inokunda (kazhinji mhepo ine simba), fogs nemvura. Inenge 1000 mm yemvura inonaya gore.

Makore akasimba haabvumiri chiedza kuti chibudirire. Nhamba yemaawa ekupisa kwegore mugore re856, nhamba shoma pakati pezvitsuwa ndeyevaFerries chete. Ivhareji yakanaka yekushisa munaJuly inenge madhigirii 4,9, uye kutonhora munaNovember isha 6.5 degrees.

Mhenderekedzo yegungwa inotarisa kumabvazuva uye inenge yakagadziriswa nemays uye mabhanga kumavirira. Mhenderekedzo yechitsuwa chacho ine matombo, uye pasi pemvura yakavanzika. Macquarie inoumbwa nemahwendefa maviri kurutivi rwekumaodzanyemba uye rwekumaodzanyemba iyo inobatanidza isthmus yenyika. Itaiti yacho iri panzvimbo yakakwirira yeanenge mamita 100-200 pamusoro pegungwa. Makomo Mukuru, Fletcher naHamilton ndivo mapurisa akakwirira.

Vagari uye mifananidzo yeMacquarie Island

Iyo yakaipa mamiriro okunze uye kure nekureba kwakanyanya kubva kumhenderekedzo yakaita kuti chiwi ichi chisakanganise upenyu hwevanhu. Pari zvino, vanhu vanogara pachiwi che zero vanhu. Kusiyana ndevashandi veAnare vanogara pano kwechinguva.

Vagari vechokwadi vechitsuwa ndivo mapenguin. Iko kune vanenge 80 000 paMacquarie. Mhuka dzechitsuwa cheMacquarie dzinomiririrwa nemagadzirirwo emakoromorants, maziso emhando dzevhu. Mhou dzinopfuura mamiriyoni matatu dzegungwa dzinomiririrwa nemhando gumi nemasere.

Izvo zvinomera zvechitsuwa cheMacquarie zvakafanana nemiriwo ekumaodzanyemba kweNew Zealand. Kazhinji iyo uswa hunokura huri pasi uye maruva. Miti yehuni haisipo zvachose, asi mhando dzine mhuka dzinokura zvakasimba.

Kuchinja kwevanhu

Gore roga roga, nhamba yezvivako zvisingaonekwi nemunhu zviri kuwanda. Ichi chitsuwa cheAustralia sezvaigona, chakachengetedza zvinhu zvayo nekubatsirwa nemamiriro ezvinhu akaipa. Zvisinei, murume akauya pano.

Vanhu vakauya pachitsuwa chacho, vakamuvigira rats, marara uye makate, izvo zvakatungamirira kune njodzi chaiye. Mhuka dzakatanga kudya zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudyara kwemahombekombe, zvichidzikisa inenge hafu. Izvozvo, zvakare, zvakaita kuti ivhu rikwanise kudengenyeka uye kupera kwemhepo. Makati akaurayiwa anenge zviuru makumi matanhatu zvegore pagore.

Muna 2012, mhuka dzacho dzakatsvaga kubviswa kubva pachitsuwa chacho. Kubvisa varimi kwakaratidza kuti kwakaoma kwazvo, vanhu vanoverengeka nguva nenguva vanowana uye vachiri kuita.