"Armenia" (chikepe). Dambudziko remakore rechi20

"Armenia" - ngarava, inova rufu yakareba vakavanda simba. About chiuru vanhu vakafa muchikepe panguva German kunogumbura musi Sevastopol. November 7, 1941, zuva kwakawanda pamusoro Red Square, paiva ichi njodzi yakaipisisa. At yokumaodzanyemba kuCrimea akaenda pasi "Armenia" - ngarava, iyo yainzi imwe yakanakisisa zvikepe Black Sea Fleet. Of njodzi iyi hazvina kubvumira chero mushumo. Chete semhosva "pamusoro chakavanzika" akanga filmed muna 1989 pamwe chete bhuku rakabudiswa vanhu Commissariat of USSR Navy, izvo pamusoro dambudziko iri. Pakanga pasina zvakadzama - chete zvishoma rakashuma Coordonatele uye kuparadzwa muhondo zvikepe uye nemidziyo, kusanganisira mudziyo mubereko kwatiri.

Zvinoitwa chikepe "Armenia"

Ngarava injini rakagadzirwa nevanhu mainjiniya vachitungamirirwa J. Koperzhinskogo, mukuru wakachenjera. Muna November 1928, zvakanga kwakatangwa. chikepe ichi mumwe pamusoro nhanhatu mutakurwi zvikepe rire kweGungwa Dema. Cruising siyana "Armenia" yaiva 4,600 mamaira. "Armenia" - ngarava, izvo zvinogona kutakura 518 vanhu mukirasi cabins, 317 uriri mubhazi uye 125 "kugara" uye kurema anosvika zviuru 1 matani .. Panyaya iyi, ngarava yaigona kusvika nokukurumidza 27 km / h. Vatanhatu zvakanakisisa zvikepe (kunze "Armenia", izvozvo zvaisanganisira "Abkhazia", "Ukraine", "Adjara", "Georgia" uye "kuCrimea") vakatanga kushumira mutsetse Odessa - Batumi - Odessa. midziyo iyi zvifambiswe zviuru vanhu kusvikira 1941

Injini chikepe rinova utsanana uye zvifambiso chikepe

"Armenia" pamwe pakutanga hondo pakarepo kuvakwazve muna utsanana senga chikepe. Kusvuta nzvimbo akarega kupinda mishonga, maresitorendi tinoshandurirwa dressings uye kushanda mamwe hammocks dzakaitwa muna cabins. Plaushevsky Vladimir Yakovlevich, uyo panguva iyoyo aiva nemakore 39 okuberekwa, akagadzwa mukuru. XO akava Znayunenko Nikolai Fadeevich. The vashandi kuti "Armenia" zvaisanganisira vanhu 96, uye vanamukoti 75, 29 vanamukoti uye vanachiremba 9. Dmitrievskiy Petr Andreevich, musoro chiremba eguta Odessa Railway Hospital, izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti vazhinji muguta rino, vakava musoro yezvokurapa mudonzvo. On uriri uye panhivi paiva piriviri michinjikwa, pachena zvinoonekwa kubva mumhepo. Large chena mureza pamwe mufananidzo Red Cross akamutswa musi mukuru rechikepe.

Zvisinei, nezviyero izvi hazvina kuponesa zvikepe kuchipatara. Aviation Goering kubvira pamazuva hondo yokutanga chaizvo kuitwa vachirwisa pamusoro pavo. Amburenzi "Anton Chekhov" uye "Kotovsky" dzakaparadzwa muna July 1941. A "Adjara", kurwisa uye svetuka bhomba romoto, Mhanya kukandirwa pamberi yose Odessa. The zvinoitirwa yaakavingwa muna August uye "Kuban".

Mutsa "Armenia"

The Red Army, chakatsikirirwa nomuvengi, akatambudzika inorema nazvo mune hondo dzinotyisa. Paiva vazhinji vakakuvadzwa. Muchikepe "Armenia" zvose-ekunze masikati nousiku vanamukoti vakashanda. The mudziyo 15 akaita chinhu chinopa zvakaoma uye ngozi Flights kuti vakakuvadzwa. "Armenia" akaita zvifambiswe vanenge 16 zviuru. Masoja, kwete kusanganisira vakwegura, vakadzi uye vana vanga mukavaisa cabins taita.

Ndizvo nhoroondo pfupi chikepe "Armenia".

kuchengetedzwa mudziyo

It achiri yakawanda kwechakavanzika ari ezvinhu rufu chikepe. The "Chronicle the Great Patriotic War ...", declassified muna 1989, vakati kuti chikepe "Armenia" (mufananidzo uri pamusoro apa), "Kuban", uyewo kudzidzisa chikepe kuti "Dnepr" kubhururuka achibva Odessa ne muparadzi "vasina ngoni". Chokwadi, ichi chinoponesa zvikepe kubva aizotambudzazve ndege German.

Manstein pamwe 2nd Army akanga achikwirira nokukurumidza muCrimea. Murayiro Black Sea Fleet haana kugadzirira kurwiswa ichi. Hondo isati yatanga, kuti Navy zviitwa vakanga shoma chete rutsigiro rwemauto uye "kuparadzwa" pamusoro Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika dzepabonde. Hapana angadai akafungidzira kuti Sevastopol achafanira kudzivirira kubva kunyika.

Akatakura vagari vakuvara uye anobviswa

VokuGermany akakurumidza wadzikamisa nyika yose pakutengeserana. Zvavo muna Peninsula (anenge mamiriyoni 1) vakavharirwa. Kurovedzwa mauto vaipikisa Hitler zvakasiyana zvikamu Red Army. Havana Russian mukana guru kuhwinha. Vagari Crimean kweItari kusvikira pakutanga November 1941 vakatanga massively kumusiya. Mumaguta chete kusvika yeNazi mauto vakatanga kutya. Vanhu vaiva chairo kuti nyika chero chokufambisa.

Mumigwagwa Sevastopol muna October uye November 1941, kuvhiringidzika ushe. Kubva guta anobviswa zvose zvinobvira. Hospitals, takagadzirira Sevastopol uye maberere akanga azere vakakuvadzwa, asi mumwe munhu akarayira pakarepo kubvisa zviri yezvokurapa mudonzvo yose. Nechekare nhasi, kusvika guta kubva pawindo mubhazi kana muchitima munharaunda Inkerman uchaona yakakura boulders uye mirwi yematombo. It raputika Zvipatara yaiva maberere. akakuvadzwa chete zvishoma akabviswa ipapo zvikepe Stalin kuti kurayira. E. Nikolayeva, mukoti muchipatara zvinoratidza kuti mugero ne "non-transportable" kurwadzisa akuvara havana paakasvika muvengi. SMERSH mumiririri akatungamirira nenyunje. Vanachiremba vaviri vakaramba kutama. Vakaurayiwa pamwe vakakuvadzwa.

FS Oktyabrsky, Vice-Admiral Black Sea Fleet, kunoramba rakaitirwa pachayo muparadzi "Shinga". Iye vaitambira kure mabasa chokuita kudzivirira kuchipatara uye mutakurwi midziyo uye paumbwe convoys apo kuyambuka gungwa. Oktyabrsky vafunga kuti nyaya idzi inofanira kugadziriswa rehurumende rengarava mamaneja. Iri raiva rimwe zvikonzero kuti pakudzika kweGungwa Dema akatendeuka akabuda zhinji yakanakisisa mutakurwi zvikepe nevanhu varipo.

Nezvezvakazokonzera kune njodzi

Maererano uchapupu uye magwaro akawana akakwanisa kudzosera zvinhu asati seiri chikepe "Armenia" November 6, 1941 The chikepe kwakanga migwagwa yomukati. "Armenia" Akakurumidza zvakawanda evacuees uye vanhuwo zvavo vakuvara. Mamiriro mungarava ndaitya zvikuru. German mhepo vachirwisa aigona kutanga chero nguva. Unorema pamusoro warships of Black Sea Fleet kugungwa pamusoro mirairo October, kusanganisira ngarawa "Molotov" apo muchikepe radar ndiyo chete yemapurisa iri Navy "Redoubt-K."

Mune kupatsanura varwere Bay, asi "Armenia", Akagutsa chikepe "Bialystok". "Crimea" akatora vanhu uye midziyo pachiteshi chengarava Morzavoda. The vachizvitakudza ngarava idzi rinoitwa dzose. Plaushevsky, mukuru "Armenia", akarayirwa kuti nechikepe kubva Sevastopol mumaawa 19 pazuva 6 November. Ngarava aifanira kutevera Tuapse. Chete duku yepasi pemvura chaser pasi murayiro PA Kulashova, mukuru refutenendi, akanzi aende.

Kuenda "Armenia"

Captain Plaushevsky akanzwisisa kuti usiku huno murima, achiperekedzwa vanokwanisa chete kupa namano chikepe chaienda uye kuidzivirira kubva pakurwiswa muvengi. Chii vaiva chinetso uye anoshamisika mukuru, apo akanga vabude muguta haisi manheru kwasviba, uye mumaawa 17, achiri chiedza. Pakafa utsanana chikepe "Armenia" mune iyi yakanga yava pamukova.

Abva maawa 17 Sebastopol, chikepe chakasungirirwa pane Yalta chete pashure pemaawa 9, t. E. zvinenge 2 o'clock. Vanyori venhau dzakaitika vakaona kuti nzira yave akapiwa mirairo itsva: kuenda Balaclava uye sarudza kunze NKVD vashandi, vanachiremba uye vakakuvadzwa, sezvo vokuGermany vakaramba mberi.

The goho pamusoro Yalta uye rufu "Armenia"

Plaushevskomu yakashuma kuti NKVD namachinda, bato kurovedzera uye 11 zvipatara pamwe vakakuvadzwa vakamirira vachizvitakudza muna Yalta. Apo Admiral FS The October zvikazikamwa kuti "Armenia" wakakodzera kubva Yalta masikati, akaraira mukuru arege nechikepe maawa 19, ndiko, kusvikira kwasviba. Kanenge, zvanzi Admiral manotsi. The October akacherechedza kuti pakanga pasina mari kupa butiro mudziyo kugungwa uye mhepo. Mukuru wamauto akanga arayira, asi zvakadaro yakabuda Yalta. German Avangard Ndege vakarirwisa mumaawa 11. "Armenia" yakanga yanyura. Mushure achipinda Avangard zvakanga yerera pamusoro 4 kwemaminitsi.

Ndiye October akarayira kuti ichifamba kana pashure pemaawa 19

Kushaya magwaro vakaparadzwa muna 1949 uye gare gare anomupa mumvuri. Historians havagoni kubatsira asi vanofungidzira kuti October akaedza kutsvaka makore pembedzo njodzi yaitika. Asi tinofanira kuziva kuti sezvo zvikepe mutungamiri Admiral aiziva mamiriro ezvinhu yemitambo hondo. Aiziva apo chikepe "Armenia" uye nguva kana nechikepe kubva kumhenderekedzo. The October uye aiziva kuti mudziyo uyu asina dzibudise, pasi pokutonga dzedenga ndege wokuGermany ane yakanaka chipfuro nokuda svetuka Ndege uye Avangard ndege. Rufu muchikepe "Armenia" muna 1941 panyaya achinyora zuva zvakanga nyore kufanoona. Saka, kunenge chaizvo kuti hurongwa usiku kumirira, iye achiri akapa Plaushevskomu. Zvisinei, ngarava chakaitika kune vamwe chiitiko kwakavanzika chakaparira mukuru kusateerera murayiro uyu. Ichi chimwe chakavanzika rufu chikepe "Armenia".

Kuteerera Plaushevsky

Ngatidzokerei kuongorora zviitiko. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Plaushevskomu yepakutanga murayiro yakapiwa tenzi yave akagadzira pachena: zvakafanira kuti atore zvokurapa tsvimbo vakakuvadzwa uye kutevera kubva Sevastopol muna Tuapse usiku. Zvadaro, kukurumidza kuitira rwaiwanikwa kuti kurwira akuvara uye vebato vatsigiri vanoda kutevera Yalta. Time "Armenia" kubva Sevastopol akazonzi - aifanira kuenda nokuda 2 kwemaawa pamberi maawa 17. The hurongwa wechitatu, rakanga mumaoko mukuru, akamuita iyewo kunhonga zviremera akuvadzwa uye veko, pasina kuenda Balaklava Bay. The hurongwa chechina iyo Plaushevsky akagamuchira mangwanani yaNovember 7 FS The October, akarayira kuti nechikepe kubva Yalta manheru, kwete pamberi maawa 19. In chinoshamisa nzira zvikazooneka kuputsika. Mukuru akatuma chikepe megungwa, "Armenia", uyo rufu akava mumwe nematambudziko huru Mukuru Patriotic War.

Hapana mubvunzo Plaushevsky kuteerera murayiro chete nokuti aitofanira mumwe simba, waiva mundege. Yakanga tsvimbo SMERSH uye NKVD, wakatorwa mundege. Vanhu vasara pamusoro dhoku, kuonekwa sezvo Plaushevsky pamberi murayiro pamusoro matambudziko mooring, akatsamwa. Iye mabhanan'ana akapika uye akafanana nechikara andibudire. Zvino Plaushevsky pamusoro nevamwe akataura sezvo munhu ane zvikuru unyanzvi uye ine utsinye. Chokwadi, mukuru vaityisidzira kune vaya vari kuenda kusiya Yalta. Vakavimbisa kwaari chirango yokuramba kuita.

vakapona

"Armenia", rakabudiswa kubva Yalta mangwanani, achiperekedzwa varindi yegungwa, akabva akarwisa vaviri Avangard. Akanga asingakwanisi kufamba, uye 30 mamaira. Mushure torpedoing chikepe kwakanga yerera 4 maminitsi, uye ipapo akanyura chikepe "Armenia" (1941, November 7). vasere chete vaivapo mubhazi akakwanisa kutiza. Pakati pavo paiva musoja Burmistrov IA Bocharov uye foromani. Ndakaona rufu "Armenia" uye P. A. Kulashov, chokutanga refutenendi uye mutungamiri nepagungwa muvhimi. Paakadzoka Sevastopol, akanga akabvunzurudzwa nokuda NKVD kwemwedzi uye ndokusunungurwa.

Kutsvaka "Armenia"

Zvakangoitikawo kuti mepu haana kutaura chaipo apo chikepe akanyura, "Armenia". Nzvimbo rufu rwake zvinogona vakatsunga chete anenge. American uye Ukrainian kutsvaka injini vakaita pamwe kuita kuwana zvisaririra muchikepe, kusanganisira kushandisa Finder, "Titanic" submersibles Billard. Takurukura anoverengeka zvichibvira mafashamo nzvimbo. Chinonyanya ano kutsvaka ezvinhu kushandiswa 2008. Akati sikweya rave kuongororwa 27 nguva uye pasi! Mari rwendo vanofungidzirwa pana $ 2 miriyoni. Somugumisiro, zvakanzi akawana chikepe mungarava, achembera mukachikepe, maoko kubva anoshongwa. Zvisinei, zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti ticherechedze kuti marangwanda kuti "Armenia", wakareba chakanga 110 metres.

Hatigoni haabatanidzi rinofanira chikepe aigona vapedzisire pasi yakatenuka pa dzakadzika zvikuru, apo kuti zvakaoma chaizvo. Zvichida kumwe pane chikepe "Armenia" nechepasi. Photos of nzvimbo dzakaratidza kuti hunhu waro rokuyamura harirambidzi mukana. Zvisinei, zvichida nokuti nyanzvi chete regai kutarira izvozvo. Mukuru pokuziva netariro zvinhu, aigona panguva yokupedzisira kuti chisarudzo kutamira kudzokera Sevastopol, pasi kudzivirira ndege uye flak chikuru wengarava chawo. Zvisinei, chinonyanya zvingangodaro kuti Plaushevsky pursuant kuti murayiro, rakanga yakasainwa panguva 2am kubudikidza Stalin pachake, akarayirwa kuti kudzokera shure nomudonzvo zvipatara. The chinhu chokutanga gwaro iri rakanyorwa, kuti Sevastopol haafaniri kupa vokuGermany chero zvazvingava. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvakakodzera kutsvaka chikepe hachisi Gurzuf. Kunenge, zviri abeam of Cape Sarich, kumadokero nzvimbo akatsvaka. Nzvimbo iyi ichiri harina kuongororwa.

Tinovimba ngarava "Armenia" vachawanikwa nokukurumidza. 1941 nokusingaperi kuramba chimwe chezvinhu zvinosuwisa munhoroondo Sevastopol. Zvakaitika Hondo Yenyika II zvinofanira kudzidzwa muudzame, uye "Armenia" rwakasimudzwa kubva pasi. The kutsvaka chikepe "Armenia" anoenderera.