Serfdom

Serfdom - mufananidzo murimi mudiki nedoro, wakaumbwa kubatana pakati vanhuwo zvavo kunyika uye kuzviisa pasi zvavo zvokutonga uye administrative masimba ose feudal muridzi. Akaiumba refu zvakakwana.

Feudalism (serfdom) akaberekerwa ari feudal ino. Panguva kusabatana ari Russian hurumende yakanga isiri mutemo chete kuti kuti kutsanangura mabasa kodzero murimi mudiki.

Muzana remakore rechi15, vanhu vakanga vakasununguka kusiya nyika uye kuenda kundima mumwe muridzi womunda pashure kubhadhara zvikwereti uye mabasa vachiri muridzi. Asi kunyange ipapo, machinda akatanga rakapa chaiwo vanoremekedzwa, vakaomerwa murimi mudiki kufamba. Somugumisiro, vanhu vomumusha angaenda kubva mumwe muridzi womunda mumwe chete pavhiki pamberi St. George Day.

Serfdom zviri pamutemo vakatanga kutora kuoneka sezvo mangwanani sezvo ushe Ivan III. Panguva kwake ushe rakagamuchirwa rimwe mutumbi mutemo muMutemo muna 1497. 57th nyaya yake kungoitirwa yakarongwa kodzero kufamba vanhuwo zvavo pavhiki pamberi uye vhiki pashure St. George Day. Kana kusiya womunda anofanira ndanyarara hangu.

Mikhail Romanov, uyo akatanga kutonga muna 1613, vakabatsira kuti mberi uranda vokumaruwa. Akavakoka kuferefeta nezvokukanganisa akanga atiza vanhuwo zvavo, pamwechete kutanga tsika kutengeswa kana kuchinjwa vanhuwo zvavo pasina nyika mugove.

Nadya Romanov, uyo akava mambo muna 1645, akapedza transformations anoverengeka. Chokutanga, I yakachinja hurongwa autocrat vaita sungiro uye kuchaja. Zvakanga wo kutarisirwa kuwedzera nokuda zvisina kunanga mutero muzadze muchivigiro. Somugumisiro, muna 1648, pakutanga June, akatambura muMoscow "Salt saiyoyo", chikonzero icho chete kwaiva kuwedzera mutero pamusoro munyu. Pashure mukumukira kwaiitirwawo mamwe maguta akawanda.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, Alexis unobereka kutendeuka ari administrative midziyo. Muna 1649, zvakanga akakudziridza uye aifarirwa rimwe mapepa anokosha ari Russian wemhosva, vehurumende uye hurumende mutemo - Conciliar The Code. Maererano zviri zvayo chaiyo zvitsauko - "Court of vanhuwo zvavo" - serfdom akava nhaka, uye muridzi yaiti dzokurasa ose enzvimbo murimi mudiki.

Zvadaro, vokumaruwa pave kukura inobereka masimba munyika, ichipa chingapedza vanoverengeka dzimwe negwaro zvinangwa. Saka yakaumbwa dzimwe prerequisites kuti zvinhu panguva haizopereri yaitonga Peter Mukuru.

Kuchinja nzvimbo vanhuwo zvavo yakaitika munguva rokutonga kuna Elizabeth. Empress akasimbisa simba landlords. Panguva iyoyo zvakanga kwakaderedza kukura yokuvhota uye varombo zvaregererwa chikwereti.

Muna 1767 Catherine II convenes ari Legislative Commission. Chinangwa chacho chaiva kubvisa zvinokanganiswa mitemo uye kuona moods uye zvinodiwa Russian munzanga. Muna 1760 - 70 makore munyika, sefungu yokumukira. Chinonyanya pamwero mukuru aiva chokupika Emelyana Pugacheva.

Muzana remakore rechi18 serfdom vakatanga kuona dambudziko racho hurongwa. Zvisinei, upfumi Russian huchisimba kwazvo, achichinja kuita zvinhu zvitsva.

Zvisinei, svinga akatanga mukati murimi mudiki kirasi. Zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga govera kumaruwa bourgeoisie, achimirira murimi mudiki varidzi (state, kuti mukuru zvakadini). Vakanga muna 1801 vakakwanisa kutenga chinhu mapindu uye kutora nyika kubva landlords kuti rendi.

Paitonga Alexander I, rakazoshandiswa Mutemo "On the vakasununguka varimi" (1803). Chirevo inopiwa kusunungurwa norudzikinuro uye dzekuno chibvumirano pakati Varidzi uye vanhuwo zvavo.

Muna 1818, Alexander Ndakaedza rokubata murimi mudiki kuchinja. Somugumisiro dzinoverengeka mabasa wakagadzirwa mambo akatendera chirongwa ichi Guryev (Minister of Finance), uye Arakcheev iro anopa zvishoma nezvishoma kubviswa serfdom nokutenga vanhuwo zvavo.

Manifesto of abolition pakati serfdom rakagamuchirwa Alexander II muna 1861, musi 19 February. Mukuwedzera, Kesari uye zvose zvatinopiwa dzose kuchinja kunge vakasaina. Kubva ichi pfungwa serfdom pamutemo havasisipo.